• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2008

In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30 cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater, while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments, indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

Since 1960's along with industrialization and urbanization, economic growth has been . achieved, however, at the same time, environmental condition has been seriously deteriorated. . Currently, volume of wastewater has been increasing at annual rate of 7% in sewage and 20% in industrial wastewater. However, the nation's sewage treatment serves only 33% of the municipal wastewater as of 1991. Major portion of air pollutants comes from combustion of oil and coal which comprise 81% of total energy use and emission gases from motor vehicles increasing at an accelerated rate. It is known that Korea generates the highest amount of waste per capta. Nevertheless, it is not sufficient to reduce the volume of waste by means of resources recovery and recycling. Recognizing the importance of global environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion, global warming and acid rain, international society has been making various efforts since the 1972 Stockholm conference. In particular, it is expected that the Rio conference which has adopted the Rio declaration and Agenda 21 will form a crucial turning point of the emerging new world order after the Cold War confrontation. To cope with such issues as domestic pollution and global environmental problems, the fundamental national policy aims at harmonizing "environmental protection and sustainable development". The Ministry of Environment has recently set up a mid-term comprehensive plan which includes annual targets for environmental protection. According to the government plan, gradual improvement of various environmental conditions and specific measures to achieve them is planned in time frame. Additional sewage treatment plants will be constructed in urban areas with the target to treat 65% of the nation's municipal sewage by 1996. Supply of clean fuels such as LNG will also be expanded starting from large cities as a cleaner substitute energy for coal and oil. In parallel with expansion of LNG, emphasis will be placed on installation of stack monitoring system. Due to the relatively limited land, government's basic policy for solid waste treatment is to develop large scale landfill facilities rather than small sized ones. Thirty three regional areas have been designated for the purpose of waste management. For each of these regions, big scale landfill site is going to be developed. To increase the rate of waste recycling the government is planning to reinforce separate collection system and to provide industries with economic incentives. As a part of meeting the changing situation on global environmental problems after UNCED, and accommodation regulatory measures stipulated in the global environmental conventions and protocols, national policy will try to alter industrial and economic structure so as to mitigate the increasing trends of energy consumption, by encouraging energy conservation and efficiency. In this regard, more attention will be given to the policy on the development of the cleaner technology. Ultimately, these policies and programs will contribute greatly to improving the current state of national public health.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

페루의 동 광화작용은 주로 반암 동 광상과 밀접하게 관련되며, 팔레오세, 에오세-올리고세, 마이오세 동 광화대로 세분된다. 현재까지 반암 동 광화대로부터 생산된 동은 총 2,800만 톤에 이르며, 또께빨라(Toquepala), 꾸아호네(Cuajone), 쎄로베르데(Cerro Verde) 광상들을 포함하고 있는 팔레오세 광화대로부터 생산된 동은 페루 총 동 생산량의 57%를 차지한다. 그러나 최근 들어 페루 중남부(에오세-올리고세)와 북서부(마이오세) 지역으로 탐사활동의 집중은 연간 동 생산량이 20만 톤 이상인 라 그란하(La Granja), 엘 갈레노(El Galeno), 라스 밤바스(Las Bambas), 또로모초(Toromocho), 리오 블랑꼬(Rio Blanco) 등의 발견을 가져왔다. 이들 광상들을 제외하고, 총 13개의 신규 동 광상들이 팔레오세, 에오세-올리고세, 마이오세 동 광화대로부터 발견되었다. 따라서 페루는 2014년부터 이들 광상들로부터 순차적으로 생산을 시작할 계획이며, 2012년 기준 연간 동 생산량 143만 톤을 2019년에 490만 톤 규모로 증가시킬 계획이다. 또한 이러한 신규광상의 발견으로 인하여, 앞으로 페루 광물자원탐사는 팔레오세의 동 광화대에서 에오세-올리고세와 마이오세 동 광화대로 이동될 것으로 예상된다.

• 지역과문화
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2019

이 연구는 미국 텍사스 주 리오그란데 협곡(Lower Rio Grand Valley) 하류 지역의 퀸타마자틀란(Quinta Mazatlan) 세계탐조센터와 에딘버그(Edinburg) 경관습지 세계탐조센터의 생태관광을 지속가능성의 관점에서 조명해 보고, 이것이 우리나라 지역 탐조관광개발 및 관리에 시사하는 바를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이 연구에서는 이 두 기관의 지속 가능성을 파악해 보기 위하여 선행연구에서 사용한 지속가능한 관광 평가지표 중 이 연구의 맥락과 대상지의 특성에 맞는 지표들을 선별하여 사용하였다. 또한 2016년 12월과 2017년 3월 현지를 방문하여 센터장들로부터 이 두 기관의 지속가능한 관광 평가지표와 관련된 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 퀸타 마자틀란 세계탐조센터와 에딘버그 세계탐조센터에서는 환경적 지속가능성을 위한 기본적인 조치들을 취하고 있었으며, 특히 경제적 지속가능성과 사회적 지속가능성을 위해 다양한 노력과 관리기법을 도입하고 있었다. 퀸타 마자틀란 세계탐조센터의 경우 이용객을 아동 및 청소년, 청소년을 둔 가족, 전문 탐조객과 성인들로 구분하여 20개에 달하는 프로그램과 이벤트를 운영하는 한편, 입장료 수입 이외에 대관료 수입과 기부금 조성을 통해 자체수입을 확보하기 위한 노력들을 기울이고 있었다. 결론부분에서는 텍사스 주의 세계탐조센터의 지속가능한 생태관광 사례가 우리나라의 지속 가능한 지역 탐조관광개발과 관리에 있어 실무적으로 시사하는 바를 논의하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.511-518
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• 1993

해산어류의 종묘생산시 초기 동물먹이생물로 널리 이용되는 미소형, 소형, 대형 윤충(Brachionus plicatilis)의 환경요인에 따른 수명과 번식력을 조사하였다. 전반적으로 온도는 $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$가 $20{\sim}22^{\circ}C$ 보다 번식력과 수명이 높았으며 미소형과 소형윤충은 이러한 현상이 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 염분은 미소형과 대형 윤충은 32ppt보다 16ppt에서 번식력이 더욱 높았던 반면 소형 윤충은 32ppt에서 더욱 높았다. 먹이생물은 미소형과 대형 윤충은 Tetraselmis tetrathele 소형 윤충은 Chlorella ellipsoidea가 더 좋은 먹이 효율을 보였다. 각 윤충의 먹이생물, 수온, 염분에 따른 최고의 번식력은 미소형 윤충은 Tetraselmis tetrathele, $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, 16ppt, 소형 윤충은 Chlorella ellipsoidea, $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, 32ppt ,대형 윤충은 Chlorella ellipsoidea, $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, 16ppt에서 나타났다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was $5,359{\pm}526m^2$, while for restored areas was $3,337{\pm}255m^2$. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, $R^2=0.53$). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

영지버섯(Ganoderma lucidum)으로부터 영양 및 기능성 성분의 열수추출 수율을 증대시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 추출 전처리 및 방법의 효과를 비교, 검토하였다. 영지를 분쇄하여 사별하고 초음파와 마이크로파 처리를 10분 동안 실시한 후 물을 용매로 상압 및 가압추출을 각각 2시간 동안 실시하였다. 추출전 전처리를 행함으로서 총당, 단백질함량 및 페놀성물질의 추출수율을 증가시켰고, 유리기 소거능이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 마이크로파 전처리가 초음파처리 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상압추출보다 가압추출에 의해 가용성 고형물, 총당, 단백질 및 페놀성 물질의 추출수율이 증대되는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 초음파나 마이크로파 전처리와 가압추출은 영지버섯의 추출효율 향상에 유효한 방법인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.410-416
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• 2017

Objective: This study was to evaluate the sunflower cake and enzymatic complex fed to broilers from 22 to 42 d of age. Methods: In a completely randomized design, a total of 850 birds were allotted in a $2{\times}5$ factorial scheme (with and without enzymatic complex) and five inclusion levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) of sunflower cake. There were 5 replications and 17 birds in each experimental unit. Data from performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphology were evaluated. Results: Feed intake, weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio linearly worsened as sunflower cake increased. For weight gain, final weight and feed:gain ratio, the birds whose diets contained levels of 15% and 20% of sunflower cake showed worse values (p<0.05) than the birds fed the control diet. When fed the enzymatic complex, birds improved (p<0.05) crypt depth and villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. As inclusion levels of sunflower cake increased, villus depth and villus:crypt ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum linearly reduced and the crypt depth linearly increased. Carcass yield linearly reduced as sunflower cake increased. Conclusion: Based on performance, sunflower cake can be used up to 10% in broilers feeding from 21 to 42 days of age.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.44.1-44.15
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• 2021

Background: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Methods: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. Results: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg^-1·h^-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg^-1·h^-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61℃) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg^-1·h^-1 rates of infusion.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.32-43
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• 1997

Deprivation of means to study the cultures and history of the natives of Bering Strait in their own lands, gives us and especially U. S. A. and Russia-where the objective regions of this study is pertained to-the great suffering of intellectual and aesthetic losses. Throughout 20th century, as political and economic forces prevailed, it became increasingly difficult for both Natives and outsiders to see this region as having common past. In such difficult circumstances, United Nations Council for Environmental Development held at Rio de Janeiro, Brasil in June, 1992 started out to give obligations to present environmental future. With such trend getting stronger and being in demand, this study is also focussed on coincides with such environmental matters and differs from man centered western civilization which ruled th environment rather than to harmonize with it. Through the studies of fashions and cultural materials of this region, it was able to identify the great similarities between Northwestern Alaska and Northeastern Siberia. Especially in the clothing materials of this region\`s toy dolls, it was possible to confirm that both side of Bering Strait possessed similar culture. Although both side had similar environment, in the past its peoples began to be seen as separated and alienated aligned only with their current political state-Russia and U. S. A. Through this study, it was able to see diversity of the peoples and thir languages but also close cultural and historical ties that link them very closely together. This study verified such similarities and common characteristics through close examination of Native clothing and decorations and other traditions of Siberian Natives such as Yupik, Chukchi, Koryak, Even, Amur River peoples and Nivkh; and Alaskan Natives such as Inupiag, Yupik, Alutiig, Aleut, Athapaskan, and Tlingit.