• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to identify the smoking patterns and their relevant factors of the public officials who are placed to guide people's way of thinking as conservative middle-income group and thereupon, provide for basic data which can be used to reduce the diseases and death rate caused by smoking in terms of preventive medicine. For this purpose, 170 public officials working for the government agencies located in seoul were surveyed for Jan. 10-Jan. 20, 1995. The results of survey can be analyzed/summarized as follows; 1. In terms of daily smoking frequencies, 50 officials $(29.4\%)$ are driven by stress to smoke. Among these offcials, 250nes $(50.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. Meanwhile, 22 officials $(12.9\%)$ answered that they smoke for pleasure and comfort, and among them 6 officials $(21.4\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 26 officials $(15.3\%)$ are found to be nicotine­addicted physically or psychologically, and to 10 of them $(35.7\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. On the other hand, 10 officials $(5.9\%)$ have habit of smoking and 4 of them $(40.0\%)$ smoke 20-30 times a day. 2. Out of 50 officials $(24.9\%)$ who began smoking on impulse, 44 actually stopped smoking, and the rest 6 officials did not even implement their plan. In view of successful cigarette-stopping, only 8 officials $(15.4\%)$ out of 44 impulse-driven smokers succeeded in stopping cigarettes, while the rest 36 failed all. Meanwhile, out of those 84 officials $(64.6\%)$. Who smoked for reduced stress, 28 ones succeeded, while the rest 56 ones failed. Out of 20 officials who were nicotine-addicted but attempted to stop smoking, only 2 smokers succeeded and the rest 18 were all failures. 3. Factors involving smoking and Their patterns 1) By age group (30's, 40's and 50's), the smoking patterns can be grouped into stress-removing, nocotine-addictive and habitual ones, respectively. 2) By acadeic background, our officials smoke on impulse or due to nocotine addition. 3) The length of career is co-related with nicotine addition. 4) The ownership of house is related with smoking for comfort or less stress. 5) The number of children is related with impulse-driven smoking or smoking for comfort.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2003

The following conclusions are drawn from a review on the theory of correlation between the jang-bu organs in 'Ojangchunchaklon(五臟穿鑿論)' which is quoted in 'Uihakipmoon(醫學入門)' and 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)'. The three yangs and three yins are trisections each of yang ki and y1n ki. They represent three aspects of change in powers of yin ki and yang ki. The theory of Kaehapchu(開闔樞 the opening, closing and pivot) is thought to be the concept which explains the three states of jang-bu organs and meridians in terms of three yangs and three yins. The three yangs and three yins are assigned to twelve months according to the generation, prosperity and vanishment of the water, the fire, the wood and the metal in the circulation of nature with the lapse of time. Most of all, the change of the water and the fire is the main guide to the assignment. Both the theory of exterior-interior relations in jang-bu organs and meridians and the theory of Kaehapchu are founded on the assignment of three yangs and three yins to twelve months. The correlation between jang-bu organs is based on the monthly assignment of three yangs and three yins described in 'Internal classic(內經)' and the theory of Kaehapchu. In the correlations between jang-bu organs and meridians, the exterior-interior relations are the correspondences of Hand to Hand and Foot to Foot. but the relations of Kaehapchu are those of Hand to Foot and Foot to Hand. Jeesan's diagram of pulse is grounded on the correlations between jang-bu organs. On the left of the diagram, jang organs are arranged in the order of hierarchic positions in body. On the right, bu organs are disposed according to the correlations with the jang organs. Jeesan's diagram includes the principles of triple harmony and diagonal groups in twelve earthly branches(十二支). Jeesan's diagram is the frame through which correlations of jung-ki-shin-hyul, five jang and six bu organs, twelve meridians and six intrinsic factors can be observed at once.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6493-6499
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• 2013

Background: Non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumors and clear cell carcinomas, Brenner tumors, transitional cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare ovarian tumors (ROTs). In this study, our aim was to determine the clinicopathological features of ROT patients and prognostic factors associated with survival. Materials and Methods: A total of 167 patients with ROT who underwent initial surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 167 patients, 75 (44.9%) were diagnosed with germ-cell tumors (GCT) and 68 (40.7%) with sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST); the remaining 24 had other rare ovarian histologies. Significant differences were found between ROT groups with respect to age at diagnosis, tumor localization, initial surgery type, tumor size, tumor grade, and FIGO stage. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates and median PFS intervals for patients with other ROT were worse than those of patients with GCT and SCST (41.8% vs 79.6% vs 77.1% and 30.2 vs 72 vs 150 months, respectively; p=0.01). Moreover, the 3-year overall survival (OS) rates and median OS times for patients with both GCT and SCST were better as compared to patients with other ROT, but these differences were not statistically significant (87.7% vs 88.8% vs 73.9% and 170 vs 122 vs 91 months, respectively; p=0.20). In the univariate analysis, tumor localization (p<0.001), FIGO stage (p<0.001), and tumor grade (p=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for PFS. For OS, the univariate analysis indicated that tumor localization (p=0.01), FIGO stage (p=0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were important prognostic indicators. Multivariate analysis showed that FIGO stage for PFS (p=0.001, HR: 0.11) and the presence of recurrence (p=0.02, HR: 0.54) for OS were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: ROTs should be evaluated separately from epithelial ovarian cancers because of their different biological features and natural history. Due to the rarity of these tumors, determination of relevant prognostic factors as a group may help as a guide for more appropriate adjuvant or recurrent therapies for ROTs.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제54권
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• pp.58-75
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• 2011

이 연구는 케이블TV SO의 지역채널 운영 현황과 이와 관련된 재허가 심사제도를 분석하는 데 연구목적이 있다. 다른 유료방송 플랫폼과 달리 SO에게만 부여하고 있는 지역채널 편성 의무는 케이블TV로 하여금 상당한 공익성을 담보하도록 요구하고 있지만, 방송시장의 경쟁이 가속화되는 환경 속에서는 이를 지속적으로 유지 발전시키기가 쉽지 않은 구조이다. 방송평가나 재허가제도가 지역채널의 존치를 담보하는 기제로 작용하고 있긴 하지만 실질적인 역할을 하는 데는 한계가 없지 않다. 이러한 문제의식 하에 세 가지의 연구문제를 설정하였으며, 문헌분석, 2차 자료 분석, 전문가 심층인터뷰 등의 방법론을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 지역채널은 SO마다 거의 종일편성이 이루어지고 있지만 순환편성의 비율이 점차 증가하고 있고, 제작비용은 감소하는 추세여서 질적인 측면에서는 퇴행적 조짐을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재허가 심사의 방송평가 점수에서 지역채널 운영실적은 그다지 긍정적이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 지금까지의 지역채널에 대한 정책기조에 변화를 가져올 필요가 있음을 의미한다고 할 수 있으며, 그에 따른 몇가지 정책대안을 제시하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2007

Purpose: Distraction osteogenesis is considered to take favorable effect on the TMJ and be beneficial to prevent the relapse after the mandibular advancement of Class II malocclusion patient. This is the report with literature review on the mandibular advancement in the patients showing preoperative condylar resorption and who need larger amount of advancement. Patients and method: Distraction osteogenesis using intraoral device was performed for three mandibular hypoplasia patients (one male and two females). All patients were adult over 18 years old. The patients showed condylar bony resorption preoperatively. The distraction was performed intraorally with modified SSRO. After 7 days of latency period, activation was performed at the rate of 1.0 mm/day with twice turn. The devices were removed after 4-8 month consolidation period. Results: Total advancement of mandible was average 13 mm. One patient showed openbite immediately after removal of distraction device. It took long time to guide the openbite with elastics. The comparison between cephalometries immediately after device removal and postoperative six month revealed average 3.4 mm relapse. This means that mandibular advancement with distraction osteogenesis needs overcorrection and elastic rehabilitation even after enough consolidation periods. Conclusion: Larger amount of mandibular advancement could be achieved with distraction osteogenesis in severe mandibular hypoplasia with condylar resorption. However, some relapse was found during the follow-up period and the over correction is considered to be needed. The effect of distraction osteogenesis seems to be investigated with long-term follow-up.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

Objectives While Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is highly prevalent in Korea, studies examining its Korean medical treatment are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess current Korean medical treatment practice patterns for TMD. Methods A preliminary questionnaire was developed to investigate current practice patterns of TMD treatment and underwent further revision through external review. The final questionnaire was distributed as a web-based survey to 18,289 potential respondents by email. Results The response rate was 2.23%. Most participants replied that they received multiple Korean medicine interventions for TMD treatment consisting of such methods as acupuncture, chuna manipulation, electroacupuncture. The percentage of treatment services among uncovered services, which need to be covered by national health insurance was high in the order of pharmacopuncture, chuna manipulation, and herbal medicine. The most commonly used diagnostic examination tools for TMD was Physical examination and next was Imaging diagnosis. The frequency of TMD treatment was the highest at 2~3 times per week (76%) and the period was from 4 to 12 weeks (63%). Conclusions This survey study helps determine current practice patterns of TMD, and recognizes the need for use of diagnostic devices in TMD treatment. These results are further anticipated to provide basic data for clinical practice guide lines (CPGs).

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.201-225
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• 2020

대학의 교육 목표 및 인재상의 변화에 따라, 대학도서관은 창의적이고 협력적인 학습을 지원할 수 있는 공간으로 변화할 필요가 있다. 해외의 사례와는 별개로 국내의 대학 및 대학도서관 상황에 알맞은 창의·협력 학습공간 조성에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 본 연구는 창의·협력 학습공간으로의 변화를 계획하고 있는 대학도서관 현장에 실효성 있는 안내를 제공하고자 (1) 대학도서관 창의·협력 학습공간 개념 정의를 위한 이론적 검토, (2) 국내 대학도서관 창의·협력 학습공간 조성 사례 수집 및 분석, 그리고 (3) 대학도서관 창의·협력 학습공간 구성 및 구축(안)을 제시하였다. 사례 수집은 12곳의 대학도서관 현장 방문을 통해 이루어졌다. 그리고 운영주체, 지역, 규모를 고려하여 선정한 5개 대학도서관의 구축 및 운영 담당자를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 국내 대학도서관 현장에 실적용 가능한 제안을 위해 국내의 창의·협력 학습 공간의 선진적인 사례를 집중적으로 조사 분석하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2008

육상자원에 대한 치열한 경쟁 속에 많은 나라들이 바다(해양자원)로 눈을 돌리고 있다. 따라서 세계 각국의 배타적경제수역(EEZ)과 대륙붕의 경계를 명확하게 하기위해 첨예하게 대립하고 있다. 1982년 해양법 협약(UNCLOS)이후, 한국과 일본, 한국과 중국의 인접수역이 400해리 미만으로 한국은 일본 중국과 해양경계획정 회담을 해오고 있다. 본 연구는 해양법과 기술지침서 IHO-51을 통해 해상경계의 획정을 위해 가장 중요한 법률과 기술을 검토하고 주변국과의 해양경계 협상에 효과적인 해양경계 GIS DB를 정의하였다. 영해기점과 영해기선의 정의는 해양의 경계를 획정하기위해 가장 중요한 개념으로 국가 간 협의과정과 협상에 임하기 위해서 정책결정자들은 해양법 협약을 바탕으로 자국에 이익을 최대화 할 수 있는 해상 경계를 획정할 준비가 되어 있어야 한다. 협상 전략과 원칙은 해양경계 결정과 관련된 요소들의 신뢰할 수 있는 데이터베이스를 통해 구체적으로 만들어 진다. 따라서 협상에 대한 효율적이고 신속정확한 의사결정은 해상경계 결정을 위한 GIS DB를 근거하여 만들어 질수 있다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-134
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• 2012

최근 시장의 글로벌화가 가속되고, 기업경쟁이 심화되는 환경에서 R&D는 기업의 지속적인 성장과 발전에 중요한 경영요소로 대두되고 있다. 이에 성공적인 R&D 활동을 위한 프로세스 및 세부활동들을 제안하고 검증하는 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있고 있으며 기업의 R&D 프로세스를 평가하고 개선하고자 하는 노력 또한 지속되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 대부분의 기존 연구에서는 R&D 프로세스의 평가에 대한 구체적인 평가체계가 부재한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 프로세스의 성숙도 평가 모델로 개발된 CMMI 평가체계를 기반으로 R&D 프로세스에 적합한 평가체계를 개발하고자 한다. 특히 본 연구에서는 R&D 프로세스를 3가지 유형-신제품, 서비스, 원천기술 개발을 위한 R&D-로 구분하여 유형별 맞춤화된 프로세스 평가체계를 제안한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 유형 별 R&D 활동의 특징을 분석하고 이를 토대로 R&D 프로세스를 정의하고, 문헌 연구를 통해 각 유형에 적합한 R&D 프로세스별 세부활동을 도출한다. 그 후 CMMI 평가기법을 기반으로 한 R&D 프로세스 평가방법을 제안하며, 마지막으로 제안된 평가체계가 적용된 시스템을 구현하는 순서로 진행된다. 본 연구결과는 기업의 R&D 프로세스를 평가하고 개선하기 위한 구체적인 지침으로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.52-112
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand trends of "Gi-Gong" related studies from 1950 to 2016 and to help guide the research direction of Gigong study. Methods : The computerized Korean database was searched from 1950 to 2016. The search terms used were only Korean language terms such as '기, '기공', '도인', '명상', '생체에너지', '수련', '양생'. Results : 1. A total of 310,184 (155,565(1950~2007) + 13,705(2016) + 140,914(2008~2016)) studies were searched in this study. A total of 6,240 studies were finally selected as Gigong related studies. 2. In the results according to the Main Subject Categories(KCI;Korea Citation Index), the 'Humanities' was the largest with 2,686 studies and the 'Marine Agriculture, Fishery' was the least with 10 studies. 3. In the results according to the Middle Subject Categories(KCI;Korea Citation Index), the 'Philosophy' was the largest with 1,014(16.26%) studies. 4. A result of the Gigong Categories showed that the 'Philosophy of Gi' was the highest with 2,151(33.82%) not including duplication. 5. As a result of Research Method, the most frequently used method was 'Analysis Research' with 4,199(67.33%) studies. 6. In the author search, 'Kim Nak Pil' was searched 112 times and was the most.. 7. The journal that published the most relevant studies with Gigong was 『Conference Proceedings OF The Korean Society OF Jungshin Science』 (189), and the university that had the largest number of studies related to Gigong was 'Wonkwang University'(212). Conclusions : 1. The number of Gigong related studies had increased rapidly from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, and reached to a peak in 2007 and has been gradually increasing since 2008. 2. The three major academic fields of Gigong related studies are Thought Field, Korean Medicine Field, and Kinesic Field. 3. In the Gigong related studies, the best authority is 'Kim Nak-pil' and the most active academy is the 'Korean Society OF Jungshin Science'. 4. Although most categories of Gigong have been generally studied evenly, studies on External Gi Therapy and Taoist Sexual Practices are very insufficient.