• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2016

This paper presents design and simulation of wide band RF microswitch that uses electrostatic actuation for its operation. RF MEMS devices exhibit superior high frequency performance in comparison to conventional devices. Similar techniques that are used in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) can be employed to design and fabricate MEMS devices and traditional batch-processing methods can be used for its manufacturing. The proposed switch presents a novel design approach to handle reliability concerns in MEMS switches like dielectric charging effect, micro welding and stiction. The shape has been optimized at actuation voltage of 14-16 V. The switch has an improved restoring force of 20.8 μN. The design of the proposed switch is very elemental and primarily composed of electrostatic actuator, a bridge membrane and coplanar waveguide which are suspended over the substrate. The simple design of the switch makes it easy for fabrication. Typical insertion and isolation of the switch at 1 GHz is -0.03 dB and -71 dB and at 85 GHz it is -0.24 dB and -29.8 dB respectively. The isolation remains more than - 20 db even after 120 GHz. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a metal contact switch that shows such a high and sustained isolation and performance at W-band frequencies with an excellent figure-of merit (fc=1/2.pi.Ron.Cu =1,900 GHz). This figure of merit is significantly greater than electronic switching devices. The switch would find extensive application in wideband operations and areas where reliability is a major concern.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2009

In flows with deformation rates larger than the inverse Rouse time of the polymer chain, chains are stretched and their confining tubes become increasingly anisotropic. The pressures exerted by a polymer chain on the walls of an anisotropic confinement are anisotropic and limit chain stretch. In the Molecular Stress Function (MSF) model, chain stretch is balanced by an interchain pressure term, which is inverse proportional to the $3^{rd}$ power of the tube diameter and is characterized by a tube diameter relaxation time. We show that the tube diameter relaxation time is equal to 3 times the Rouse time in the limit of small chain stretch. At larger deformations, we argue that chain stretch is balanced by two restoring tensions with weights of 1/3 in the longitudinal direction of the tube (due to a linear spring force) and 2/3 in the lateral direction (due to the nonlinear interchain pressure), both of which are characterized by the Rouse time. This approach is shown to be in quantitative agreement with transient and steady-state elongational viscosity data of two monodisperse polystyrene melts without using any nonlinear parameter, i.e. solely based on the linear-viscoelastic characterization of the melts. The same approach is extended to model experimental data of four styrene-butadiene random copolymer melts in shear flow. Thus for monodisperse linear polymer melts, for the first time a constitutive equation is presented which allows quantitative modeling of nonlinear extension and shear rheology on the basis of linear-viscoelastic data alone.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2012

최근에 신축 건물이나 기존 건물의 내진보강을 위해서 수동제진장치의 일종인 에너지소산형 제진장치의 사용이 매우 증가하고 있다. 제진장치는 선진국을 중심으로 개발되어 왔고 제한적으로 사용해 오고 있었지만, 최근에는 다소 저렴한 장치개발을 통하여 강진지역의 개발도상국으로도 그 사용이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 또는 신축 건물의 내진보강을 위한 캔틸레버타입 강재댐퍼를 개발하고 제안하였다. 댐퍼에 대한 반복가력 실험을 바탕으로 이력거동 및 에너지소산능력을 조사하였다. 실험결과는 제진장치가 안정된 이력특성을 나타내고 있으며 큰 에너지소산능력을 갖고 있음을 보여준다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 댐퍼에 대한 간단한 하중-변위 이력모델을 제안하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.2989-2994
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• 2000

A mechanical face seal is a tribo-element intended to control leakage of working fluid at the interface of a rotating shaft and its housing. Leakage of working fluid decreases drastically as the clearance between mating seal faces gets smaller. But the very small clearance may result in an increased reduction of seal life because of high wear and heat generation. Therefore, in the design of mechanical face seals a compromise between low leakage and acceptable seal life is important, ant it present a difficult and practical design problem. A fluid film or sealing dam geometry of the seal clearance affects seal lubrication performance very much, and thereby is optimization is one of the main design consideration. in this study the Reynolds equation for the sealing dam of mechanical face seals is numerically analyzed, using the Galerkin finite element method, which is readily applied to various seal geometries, to give lubrication performances, such as opening force, restoring moment, leakage, and axial and angular stiffness coefficients. Then, to improve the seal performance an optimization is performed, considering various design variables simultaneously. For the tested case the optimization ha successfully resulted in the optimal design values of outer and inner seal radii, coning, seal clearance, and balance radius while satisfying all the operation subjected constraints and design variable side-constraints, and improvements of axial and angular stiffness coefficients by 16.8% and 2.4% respectively and reduction of leakage by 38.4% have been achieved.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2020

Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS) is proposed as an engineering solution to practically exploit the well-accepted advantages of both sliding isolation and SMA-based recentering. Self-centering capability in SSS is provided by austenitic SMA cables (or wire ropes), recently attracting a lot of interest and attention in earthquake engineering and seismic isolation. The cables are arranged in various novel and conventional configurations to make SSS versatile for aseismic design and retrofit of structures. All the configurations are detailed with thorough technical drawings. It is shown that SSS is applicable without the need for Isolation Units (IUs). IUs, at the same time, are devised for industrialized applications. The proof-of-concept study is carried out through the examination of mechanical behavior in all the alternative configurations. Force-displacement relations are determined. Isolation capabilities are predicted based on the decreases in seismic demands, estimated by the increases in effective periods and equivalent damping ratios. Restoring forces normalized relative to resisting forces are assessed as the criteria for self-centering capabilities. Lengths of SMA cables required in each configuration are calculated to assess the cost and practicality. Practical implementation is realized by setting up a small-scale IU. The effectiveness of SSS under seismic actions is evaluated using an innovative computer model and compared to those of well-known Isolation Systems (ISs) protecting a reference building. Comparisons show that SSS seems to be an effective IS and suitable for earthquake protection of both structural and non-structural elements. Further research aimed at additional validation of the system are outlined.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2000

파절의 종류는 치관파절 치근파절, 동시에 나타난 치관-치근파절이 있고 치수노출에 따라 단순파절과 복잡파절로 나뉜다. 치아파절이 치은 연하로 침범하여 치아장축을 따라 나타난 경우나 치근의 1/3 이상을 넘어선 경우 발치가 원칙이다. 그러나 치근쪽 파절편을 교정적으로 정출시켜서 수복시켜 주는 방법과 인위적으로 발치하여 적절하게 수복 가능한 위치로 재식 시켜주는 방법을 선택적으로 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례에선 치아외상으로 상악 중절치가 치관-치근 파절된 혼합치열기의 환아에서 의도적 재식술을 이용하여 발치 후 즉일 근관치료와 역충전 후 레진수복을 시행하여 치료하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Exposure of the normal lung tissue around the cancerous tumor during radiotherapy causes serious side effects such as pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Radioprotectors used during cancer radiotherapy could protect the patient from side effects induced by radiation injury of the normal tissue. Delphinidin has strong antioxidant properties, and it works as the driving force of a radioprotective effect by scavenging radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, no studies have been conducted on the radioprotective effect of delphinidin against high linear energy transfer radiation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effects of delphinidin on human lung cells against a proton beam. MATERIALS/METHODS: Normal human lung cells (HEL 299 cells) were used for in vitro experiments. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay assessed the cytotoxicity of delphinidin and cell viability. The expression of radiation induced cellular ROS was measured by the 2'-7'-dicholordihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. Superoxide dismutase activity assay and catalase activity assay were used for evaluating the activity of corresponding enzymes. In addition, radioprotective effects on DNA damage-induced cellular apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot assay. RESULTS: Experimental analysis, including cell survival assay, MTT assay, and Western blot assay, revealed the radioprotective effects of delphinidin. These include restoring the activities of antioxidant enzymes of damaged cells, increase in the levels of pro-survival protein, and decrease of pro-apoptosis proteins. The results from different experiments were compatible with each to provide a substantial conclusion. CONCLUSION: Low concentration ($2.5{\mu}M/mL$) of delphinidin administration prior to radiation exposure was radioprotective against a low dose of proton beam exposure. Hence, delphinidin is a promising shielding agent against radiation, protecting the normal tissues around a cancerous tumor, which are unintentionally exposed to low doses of radiation during proton therapy.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.48-59
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 규칙파중에서 공기부양선의 운동응답에 미치는 스커트의 변형에 대한 연구가 이루어졌다. Bag과 부양실내의 공기는 압축성 유체로 또한 각각의 체적내에서 압력은 공간상으로 일정하다고 가정하였다. 부양압력에 의한 자유표면의 변형은 선형포텐셜 이론을 사용하였으며, 부양압력을 진동하며 일정속도로 전진하는 압력면으로 대치하여 구하였다. Bag-Finger형 스커트는 표면적이 변화하지 않는 상태에서 변형한다고 가정하여, 압력변화와 자유표면 상승에 대한 변형모델을 제시하였고, 스커트의 복원력과 복원모멘트가 공기부양선의 상하동요, 종동요에 미치는 영향을 해석하였다. Bag내의 압력과 부양압력을 변화시키며 또 스커트의 모양을 변화시키면서 파중에서 공기부양선의 운동응답을 계산하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.623-627
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• 1999

During canal instrumentation of a curved canal, restoring force of endodontic instrument remove more dentin from the inner wall of the curvature. This effect tends to straighten the canal and thus may significantly shorten the working length. This study was to determine the mean reduction in working length after instrumentation according to the curvature. The curvature of mandibular mesial root was determined before instrumentation. 30 canals were divided into 3 groups each 10 on the basis of degree of curvature. Experimental groups as follows. In group 1, canals having curvature from 15 to 20 degrees: in group 2, canals having curvature from 20 to 30degrees; in group 3, canals having curvature above 30 degrees. Experimental teeth in all groups were accessed, and their actual working length determined by passing a size 15 K-file(IAF) just through the minor apical foramen. The canals were sequentially enlarged to size 35 with ProFile .06 series. The change of working length was calculated by measuring the tip of IAF beyond apical foramen by using stereomicroscope. The change of canal curvature following instrumentation were measured using the Schneider technique. The results were as follows. 1. The greatest changes of curvature and working length were observed in the group 3 canals(P<0.05), next were group 2 canals and group 1 canals(P>0.05). 2. Group 1 canals showed a mean reduction in 1.61 degrees and length of 0.12m respectively(P>0.05). 3. Group 2 canals showed a mean reduction in 3.42 degrees(P<0.05) and length of 0.25mm(P>0.05) respectively. 4. Group 3 canals showed a mean reduction in 7.23 degrees(<0.05) and length of 0.64mm respectively(P<0.05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.426-433
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• 2013

완전 무치악 환자를 총의치로 수복할 때 특히 하악의 경우 유지, 지지 면적이 상악보다 좁아 의치의 탈락, 불량한 지지 및 안정성, 통증을 유발하여 의치의 사용이 불편할 수 있다. 이런 환자에서 임플란트를 이용한 보철수복은 심미성, 안정성, 저작력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 반면 상악 완전무치악은 구개를 이용할 수 있으므로 총의치로 수복하였을 때 많은 환자들이 잘 적응하여 사용하고 있다. 이에 상하악 완전 무치악 환자의 치료 옵션으로 하악은 임플란트로 지지를 받는 고정성 보철물 또는 임플란트 오버덴쳐로 수복하고 상악은 연조직에 의해 지지를 받는 전통적인 총의치로 수복하는 전악 보철수복이 제시되었다. 이 때 상악 총의치에 대합하는 하악 임플란트 고정성 보철이 상악 잔존치조제의 골흡수에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 문헌고찰과 함께 증례를 보고하고자 한다.