• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

There have been many attempts to predict resistance of vessels in ice floe environment, but they mostly have both strong and weak points at the same time; for instance, simplified formulas are very fast but less flexible to types of ship and ice conditions and other numerical techniques need high computing cost for increased accuracy. A new numerical simulation technique of combining explicit finite element analysis code with a user-subroutine to control real-time forces acting on ice floes was proposed, thereby it was possible to predict ship-to-ice floe resistance with higher convenience and accuracy than other proposed approaches. The basic theory on how real-time hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces acting on ice floes could be generated using user-subroutine was explained. The heave motion of a single ice floe was simulated using the user-subroutine and the motion amplitudes and periods were almost consistent with analytic values. Towing tests of an icebreaker model ship were simulated using explicit finite element analyses with the user-subroutine. The ice-induced resistance obtained from the towing experiments and simulations showed significant differences. Intentional increase of the drag coefficient to increase the contact duration between the ice floes and rigid model ship leaded the total resistance to be substantially consistent between the model tests and numerical simulations.

• 오토저널
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1991

The off-road tractive performance of tracked vehicles can be evaluated in terms of soil thrust, motion resistance and drawbar pull. The ability to predict accurately ground pressure distribution under track is of importance since the vehicle sinkage and motion resistance are closely related to it. While the formulation of the method for predicting ground pressure distribution follows closely in spirit the ideas outlined for the terrain with linear pressure- sinkage relation case by Garber and Wong, the analysis of various terrain stiffness is magnified by numerical implementation procedure. The effects of soil parameters on tractive forces can be introduced through the terrain-track interaction such as pressure-sinkage and shearing characteristics. It is illustrated by determining the drawber pull-slip relation and corresponding ground pressure distribution for the terrains typically chosen and by comparing the results with the conventional ones based on normal ground pressure. The factorial experiment method is finally adopted for checking the sensitivity of the values of soil parameters on the drawbar pull.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the resistance conditions on the electromyography (EMG) activity ratio of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during partial lunge exercise in healthy subjects in order to suggest the basic data of exercise intervention for such as patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: The participants of this study were healthy twenty two people with no knee pain, limitation of motion and past history of operation at lower extremity. The participants performed three types of lunge 1) no resistance, 2) anterolateral 45° resistance and 3) lateral 90° respectively. The EMG activity of the VMO and VL were recorded by surface EMG and the measured data normalized by the %MVIC value was analyzed by repeated measured ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the VMO/VL EMG activity ratio during lunge with anterolateral 45° resistance was significantly higher than with no resistance and lateral 90° resistance (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in VMO, VL, and VMO/VL muscle activity between male and female subjects (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that partial lunge exercise with anterolateral 45° resistance can increase the VMO/VL muscle activity in healthy subjects. This result could be used as basic data to develop therapeutic exercise programs such as PFPS patients.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.242-250
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• 1989

The performance of a vertical type centrifugal distributor of granular materials was studied by means of mathematical models and experimental investigations. To develop the mathematical description of particle motion, some assumptions were made. The distribution process consisted of three stages: the entrance of a particle to the blade, the motion of the particle on the blade, and the motion of the particle in the air. The physical properties of fertilizer, which affected the particle motion, were investigated: bluk density, coefficient of friction, coefficient of restitution, and particle size distribution. The particle motion were simulated by using a computer. A prototype distributor was designed and constructed for experimental tests. The following conclusions were drawn from the computer simulation and experiment results. 1. The fertilizer may slide or roll at the point of contact when they impact on the blade and move along the blade. 2. The interaction among fertilizers may prevent them from bouncing. 3. When fertilizers roll on the blade, rolling resistance is one of the factors affecting the particle's motion. 4. The trajectory angle and position of fertilizers from a disc depend on the blade position and particle shape, but the rotating speed of the disc affected them only slightly.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.499-505
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• 2000

The shape of the KHST, and of the power car in particular, is largely determined by aerodynamic considerations. At high speeds, air resistance accounts for the major part of overall resistance to forward motion. Further points to be considered are environmentally undesirable acoustic phenomena and pressure waves. Minimizing power requirements and environmentally-unfriendly noise and pressure waves are thus major objectives in the development of the KHST. When deciding on the aerodynamic design of the power car, the entire train set has to be taken into consideration. This paper describes the design process and results about the front shape of the KHST.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

The shape of the KHST, and of the power car in particular. is largely determined by aerodynamic considerations. At high speeds, air resistance accounts for the major part of overall resistance to forward motion. Further points to be considered are environmentally undesirable acoustic phenomena and pressure waves. Minimizing power requirements and environmentally-unfriendly noise and pressure waves are thus major objectives in the development of the KHST. When deciding on the aerodynamic design of the power car, the entire train set has to be taken into consideration. This paper describes the design process and results about the front shape of the KHST.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2015

고속열차의 외부장치인 선두부 대차 페어링과 팬터그래프에 의한 주행저항 기여도를 차세대 한국형 고속열차(HEMU-430X)를 이용하여 최대 350km/h까지의 타행시험을 통하여 간접적으로 평가하였다. 선두부 대차페어링에 의한 공기저항 저감도를 평가하기 위하여 대차 페어링을 부착 및 탈착 하였을 때 각각 타행시험을 속도대역별로 실시하였다. 또한, 팬터그래프에 의한 공기저항을 측정하기 위하여 팬터그래프를 상승 및 하강 시켰을 때 각각 타행시험을 실시하였다. 타행시험의 결과로부터 시간-속도선도에 대한 가속도를 선형회귀법으로 산출하여 주행저항식으로 도출하였고, 도출된 주행저항식의 공기저항계수 부분을 이용하여 대차 페어링 및 팬터그래프의 공기저항 기여도를 산출하였다. 그 결과 선두부 대차 페어링의 공기저항 감소효과는 약 3.8%이며, 비상모드 팬터그래프는 공기저항을 약 3.9% 증가시키는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2016

Remotely operated vehicles or autonomous underwater vehicles have been used for exploiting seabed natural resources. In this study, the autonomous underwater vehicle of hovering type(HAUV) is developed to observe underwater objects in close distance. A dynamic model with six degrees of freedom is established, capturing the motion characteristics of the HAUV. The equations of motion are generated for the dynamic control simulation of the HAUV. The added mass, drag and lift forces are included in the computer model. Computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out using this computer model. The drag coefficients are produced from the CFD.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

In this paper, a study on the principal performance of the purse seiner ship in two vessel formations was conducted. For this task, the outline of the purse seiner fishing system in two vessel formations was reviewed. At the same time, based on the general arrangement plan, hull from of the main vessel was developed. And the stability and ship motion characteristics of the ship design were estimated. Finally, to verify the characteristics of the resistance and self-propulsion coefficient, a model test in a circulating water channel was performed. As n result, it is anticipated that this presentation will be used as the foundation material for research of purse seiner.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제31회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.76-83
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• 2000

Boundary lubrication condition arises in most lubricated systems, especially during motion reversals and start up phase of operation. In this work electric contact resistance variations with respect to sliding conditions under lubrication is investigated The motivation was to improve the understanding of the contact condition in the boundary lubrication regime. It is shown that electrical contact resistance is sensitive to sliding speed and surface condition of the specimens. Also, phenomena such as run-in during the initial phase of sliding and lubricant pile up near the sliding pin could be observed. The results of this work will aid in better understanding of the metal to metal contact condition in lubricated systems.