• 열처리공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1996

The fatigue crack initiation behavior of plasma ion nitrided SACM645 steel was investigated through the rotary bending fatigue test and residual stress measurement by XRD. It was shown by XRD and EPMA that the plasma ion nitrided surface was composed of ${\gamma}^{\prime}(Fe_4N)$phase and ${\varepsilon}(Fe_{2-3}N)$phase, and that the nitrogen atoms existed in Fe matrix in diffusion layer. The OM, SEM and Auger spectroscopy showed that the depth of compound layer, mixed compound and diffusion layer, and diffusion layer was $8{\mu}m$, $30{\mu}m$ and $300{\mu}m$, respectively. However, the microhardness test showed that the depth of hardened layer was $500{\mu}m$. The tensile strength of the ion nitrided SACM645 was lower than that of the unnitrided SACM645, and the ion nitrided specimen was fractured without plastic deformation. The nitrided SACM645 showed much poorer low cycle fatigue properties than the unnitrided one. In rotary bending fatigue, the fatigue strength of the ion nitrided SACM645 was higher than that of the unnitrided specimen, and the fatigue crack initiation sites changed by applied fatigue stress levels. The XRD result showed that the ion nitrided SACM645 has the compressive residual stress from surface to $600{\mu}m$ deep and the tensile residual stress from $600{\mu}m$ to deeper site. It is thought that crack initiation takes place at the point where the total stress of residual stress and applied stress is maximum.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

The use of thick plate in increasing in recent years due to the rapid expansion of chemical plants, nuclear plants, ships and other industrial plants. Welding is the most popular joining techniques employed in manufacturing industrial machineries and structures. Normally, Groove shapes are prepared according to appropriate rules and regulations such as KS, JIS, AWS, LR, DNV and etc. for various thicknesses of plate. However those groove angles tend to be too large. As a result of large groove angle, residual stress, deformation of material and strength reduction is obtained. Therefore, the reliability and safety of structures and machinery tend to be decreasing. Therefore, in this paper, theoretical as well as experimental study are carried out to find optimum groove shapes for T-welded joint of mild steel. The test specimen are made in same condition with simulation model. Welding residual stresses measurement by sectional cutting method. ⅰ) The mechanical difference for change the thickness of plate and groove angle are not appeared. ⅱ) In a mechanical point of view minimum preparation angle(40°) is more suitable than maximum groove angle(60℃). ⅲ) The measurement value and distribution of welding residual stresses are not effected largely by groove angle. It is mechanical restraint that mainly affect welding residual stresses distribution. In mechanical point of view minimum groove angle is more suitable than maximum groove angle. Therefore, it is appropriate to minimize the size of groove shape in strength and safety.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.93-98
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• 2001

Fatigue strength evaluation was carried out for the core support structure of a low voltage circuit breaker. The impact load acting on the core support was calculated based on the strains measured during operation. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to determine local peak stresses for fatigue evaluation. Fatigue safety factors were calculated using the modified Goodman, Gerber, Soderberg, and modified Findley lines, considering the magnitude of the residual stress and impact load.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2530-2532
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• 1998

Micro gold electroplating structure is fabricated by surface micromachining process. The made structure is clamped-clamped beam and its 1st natural frequency is measured by resonance method. In order to find residual stress, first natural frequency of beam which has tensile stress inside is analysed using Rayleigh's method. Elastic modulus and residual stress are estimated from the measured natural frequency.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2022

금속 적층제조 공정 중 발생할 수 있는 잔류응력은 3D 프린팅을 통한 정밀한 금속 부품 제작을 위해 적절히 통제되어야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 잔류응력에 영향을 끼치는 요인에 대하여 실험적인 방법을 이용하여 고찰하였다. 실험을 위해 적층제조 공정을 통해 시편을 제작하고 이를 절단하여 변형량 측정을 수행하였으며, 측정된 데이터를 curve fitting 등의 방법을 이용하여 적절히 보정함으로써 공정 파라미터 및 금속 분말 재사용 여부가 금속 적층제조 공정에서 발생한 잔류응력으로 인한 변형에 끼치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있는 자료를 확보하였다. 이 결과로부터 금속 적층제조 공정에서 잔류응력으로 인한 변형의 크기에 가장 큰 영향을 끼치는 요소는 금속 분말 재사용 여부임을 확인하였다. 또한 레이저의 패턴, 적층 회전 각도와 같은 공정 파라미터도 변형 크기에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

Measurement of welding residual stresses is one of important tasks to assess the structural integrity of welded structures. For operating components, especially, nondestructive techniques are required. By now, authors have proposed a new residual stress evaluation method, the bead flush method, where residual stresses are calculated from eigenstrain distribution determined by surface removal of reinforcement. In this paper, a brief description of the bead flush method is given and its utility and problem to be overcome are discussed. And also stabilization method of solution set of eigenstrain in inverse analysis is proposed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1989

This study was taken to observe the changes of the residual stress in the alloy and to measure 3 dimensional distortions of the long span ceramo-metal bridge. The materials used in this study were Pors-on 4 (Pd-Ag alloy), and Ceramco and Vita VMK 68 powders. The residual stress of the alloy was measured on the six specimens (dia. 8m/m) by the X-ray diffraction stress analyzer according to the kind of ceramic powder and different measuring stages. And, for the measurement of the distortions, fifteen specimens of the anterior 8-unit ceramo-metal brige were fabricated and subjected to the 3-D coordinate measuring machine. Variables included the 2 kinds of a ceramic powder and the presence or absence of a splint bar at the cast metal framework. The measuring stages in both were after casting, after degassing and after glazing. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. The residual stress of the alloy showed increasing tendency for the tension by the ceramic fusing, but there was not significance. 2. The tendency of the distortions in the cast metal frameworks were decrease of the width, the anterior displacement and sagging. 3. The amount of the distortions at the degassing stage were greater than that at the ceramic fusing stage. 4. The splint bar was effective to control the distortion only at ceramic fusing stage. 5. The sagging distortion in the Ceramco firing were even through all measuring stages, but in the Vita firing, pronounced at degassing stage.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

Interfacial evaluation, damage sensing and cure monitoring of single carbon fiber/thermosetting composite with different curing processes was investigated using electro-micromechanical test. After curing, residual stress was monitored by measurement of electrical resistance (ER) and then it was compared to correlate with various curing processes. In thermal curing, curing shrinkage appeared significantly by matrix shrinkage and residual stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The change in electrical resistance (ΔR) on thermal curing was higher than that on ultraviolet (UV) curing. For thermal curing, apparent modulus was the highest and reaching time until same strain was faster. So far thermal curing shows strong durability on the IFSS after boiling test.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.519-528
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• 1994

Degradation problem due to long term service in machine or structure is now one of important problems in whole industrial field. In this study, pressure vessel steel, Cr-Mo steel, which was used more than 60,000 hours, was surface-modified by laser beam radiation for the improvement of fatigue strength. To find out optimum radiation condition, hardness, residual stress measurement and fatigue tests were carried out with the specimen of different radiation conditions. Experimental results show that micro-hardness values on the surface of the radiated specimens were approximately 2.2 times higher than those of un-radiated ones. In the depth direction of the specimen, hardness on the surface showed maximum value and was decreased at the inside the specimen. Different hardness values are due to the energy density Q which was absorbed by the specimen. Fatigue tests show that fatigue life was improved by the compressive residual stress after laser beam radiation. However, some specimens with differednt conditions show the shorter fatigue life. It means that laser beam radiation with optimum parameter can improve thae fatigue strength.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 벌지 실험을 이용하여 티타늄 박막의 기계적 물성을 측정하였다. 벌지 실험은 외적 지지구조를 가지지 않는 박막 시편의 한 면에 일정한 압력을 가하여 박막의 변위를 측정, 압력과 변위의 관계를 이용하여 박막의 기계적 물성을 측정하는 실험이다. 스퍼터링을 이용해 증착된 티타늄 박막의 두께는 1.0, 1.5, $2.0{\mu}m$ 이고, 물성의 열처리 시간에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위해 증착된 시편은 $600^{\circ}C$에서 각각 150, 300, 600 초 동안 열처리 되었다. 박막의 탄성 계수, 잔류 응력, 항복 응력이 벌지 실험을 통해 측정되었고, 실험 결과 항복 응력은 열처리 시간에 의존하는 특성을 확인하였다. 또한 시편 두께가 감소할수록 강도가 증가하는 크기효과를 관찰하였다.