• Title/Summary/Keyword: Residual Vector

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Efficient Coding of Motion Vector Predictor using Phased-in Code (Phased-in 코드를 이용한 움직임 벡터 예측기의 효율적인 부호화 방법)

  • Moon, Ji-Hee;Choi, Jung-Ah;Ho, Yo-Sung
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.426-433
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    • 2010
  • The H.264/AVC video coding standard performs inter prediction using variable block sizes to improve coding efficiency. Since we predict not only the motion of homogeneous regions but also the motion of non-homogeneous regions accurately using variable block sizes, we can reduce residual information effectively. However, each motion vector should be transmitted to the decoder. In low bit rate environments, motion vector information takes approximately 40% of the total bitstream. Thus, motion vector competition was proposed to reduce the amount of motion vector information. Since the size of the motion vector difference is reduced by motion vector competition, it requires only a small number of bits for motion vector information. However, we need to send the corresponding index of the best motion vector predictor for decoding. In this paper, we propose a new codeword table based on the phased-in code to encode the index of motion vector predictor efficiently. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the average bit rate by 7.24% for similar PSNR values, and it improves the average image quality by 0.36dB at similar bit rates.

Residual Battery Capacity and Signal Strength Based Power-aware Routing Protocol in MANET (MANET에서 배터리 잔량과 신호세기를 동시에 고려한 Power-aware 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • Park Gun-Woo;Choi Jong-Oh;Kim Hyoung-Jin;Song Joo-Seok
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.13C no.2 s.105
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2006
  • The shortest path is only maintained during short time because network topology changes very frequently and each mobile nodes communicate each other by depending on battery in MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network). So many researches that are to overcome a limitation or consider a power have executed actively by many researcher. But these protocols are considered only one side of link stability or power consumption so we can make high of stability but power consumption isn't efficient. And also we can reduce power consumption of network but the protocol can't make power consumption of balancing. For that reason we suggest RBSSPR(Residual Battery Capacity and Signal Strength Based Power-aware Routing Protocol in MANET). The RBSSPR considers residual capacity of battery and signal strength so it keeps not only a load balancing but also minimizing of power consumption. The RBSSPR is based on AODV(Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing). We use ns-2 for simulation. This simulation result shows that RBSSPR can extense lifetime of network through distribution of traffic that is centralized into special node and reducing of power consumption.

INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW COMPUTATIONS USING A HERMITE STREAM FUNCTION (Hermite 유동함수를 이용한 비압축성 유동계산)

  • Kim, J.W.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2007
  • This paper describes a recent development on the divergence free basis function based on a hermite stream function and verifies its validity by comparing results with those from a modified residual method known as one of stabilized finite element methods. It can be shown that a proper choice of degrees of freedom at a node with a proper arrangement of the hermite interpolation functions can yield solenoidal or divergent free interpolation functions for the velocities. The well-known cavity problem has been chosen for validity of the present algorithm. The comparisons from numerical results between the present and the modified residual showed the present method yields better results in both the velocity and the pressure within modest Reynolds numbers(Re = 1,000).

A Robust Method of Fault Diagnosis for Steer-by-Wire System's Sensor (Steer-by-Wire 시스템의 감지기에 대한 강인한 이상진단기법)

  • Moon S.W.;Ji Y.K.;Huh K.S.;Cho D.I.;Park J.H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.1463-1467
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    • 2005
  • This paper proposes an analytical redundancy technique for fault diagnostics of the sensor in steer-by-wire system. We use incorporating vehicle dynamics modeling into the design of a diagnostic system for steer-by-wire system. The use of a model of vehicle dynamics improves the speed and accuracy of the diagnoses. The proposed fault diagnostics algorithm is based on parity-space methods to generate residuals. To reduce the effects of modeling uncertainty and dynamic transients, the residuals are subject to filtering. We construct diagnostic system consisting residual threshold for detection and isolator with using the directional residual vector.

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Numerical Simulation of Pipe Flow with an Obstacle by applying Turbulent Models (난류모형을 적용한 장애물이 있는 파이프내의 유동장 수치시뮬레이션)

  • Kwag Seung- Hyun
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.29 no.6 s.102
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    • pp.523-528
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    • 2005
  • The flow analysis is made to simulate the turbulent flow in the pipe with an obstacle. The models used are k-$\epsilon$, k-$\omega$, Spalart-Allmaras and Reynolds. The structured grid is used for the simulation The velocity vector, the pressure contour, the change of residual along the iteration number and the dynamic head are simulated for the comparison of four example cases. For the analysis, the commercial code is used.

The New Residual Current Protective Devices Operating by Resistive Leakage Current (저항성 누전전류에 의하여 동작하는 새로운 누전차단기)

  • Ham, Seung-Jin;Hahn, Song-Yop;Koh, Chang-Seop
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.57 no.2
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    • pp.198-207
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    • 2008
  • The conventional Residual Current Protective Devices(RCD, or earth leakage circuit breaker, ELB) operates depending on the total leakage current which is the vector-sum of resistive and capacitive components of a leakage current. However, the electric disaster such as electric shock or fire is mainly caused by the resistive component. Therefore, in this view point, the RCD is more realistic when it operates by the resistive component of the leakage current. In this paper, a new algorithm for measuring the resistive leakage current from the total leakage current is suggested, and is realized to an actual circuit. According to the suggested algorithm, the resistive component of the leakage current can be found by integrating the total leakage current over only a half cycle of the line voltage, and it is realized by using analog switches and resettable integrators. It is confirmed through experiments that the suggested algorithm detects, within maximum average error of 6.74%, the resistive leakage current from the total leakage current, and the RCD employing the suggested algorithm brakes the circuit within the regular interrupt time(30msec).

Regularization Method by Subset Selection for Structural Damage Detection (구조손상 탐색을 위한 부 집합 선택에 의한 정규화 방법)

  • Yun, Gun-Jin;Han, Bong-Koo
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.73-82
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, a new regularization method by parameter subset selection method is proposed based on the residual force vector for damage localization. Although subset selection using the fundamental modal characteristics as a residual function has been successful in detecting a single damage location, this method seems to have limited capabilities in the detection of multiple damage locations and typically requires cumbersome weighting values. The method is presented herein and considers cases in which damage detection must be achieved using incomplete measurements of the structural responses. Model expansion is incorporated to deal with this challenge. The unique advantage of employing the new regularization method is that it can reliably identify multiple damage locations. Through an illustrative example, the proposed damage detection method is demonstrated to be a reliable tool for identifying multiple damage locations for a planar truss structure.

MODIFIED GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

  • ISLAM SAHIDUL;KUMAR ROY TAPAN
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.17 no.1_2_3
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    • pp.121-144
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we propose unconstrained and constrained posynomial Geometric Programming (GP) problem with negative or positive integral degree of difficulty. Conventional GP approach has been modified to solve some special type of GP problems. In specific case, when the degree of difficulty is negative, the normality and the orthogonality conditions of the dual program give a system of linear equations. No general solution vector exists for this system of linear equations. But an approximate solution can be determined by the least square and also max-min method. Here, modified form of geometric programming method has been demonstrated and for that purpose necessary theorems have been derived. Finally, these are illustrated by numerical examples and applications.

Highly accurate family of time integration method

  • Rezaiee-Pajand, Mohammad;Esfehani, S.A.H.;Karimi-Rad, Mahdi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.67 no.6
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    • pp.603-616
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the acceleration vector in each time step is assumed to be a mth order time polynomial. By using the initial conditions, satisfying the equation of motion at both ends of the time step and minimizing the square of the residual vector, the m+3 unknown coefficients are determined. The order of accuracy for this approach is m+1, and it has a very low dispersion error. Moreover, the period error of the new technique is almost zero, and it is considerably smaller than the members of the Newmark method. The proposed scheme has an appropriate domain of stability, which is greater than that of the central difference and linear acceleration techniques. The numerical tests highlight the improved performance of the new algorithm over the fourth-order Runge-Kutta, central difference, linear and average acceleration methods.

Three Demensional magnetostatic Analysis Using Tetrahedral Edge Elements (사면체 변요소를 이용한 3차원 정자장 해석)

  • Kim, Dong-Soo;Lee, Hong-Bae;Choi, Kyung;Jung, Hyun-Kyo;Hahn, Song-Yop
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.40 no.8
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    • pp.751-756
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    • 1991
  • In this paper, three dimensional magnetostatic fields are analysed using tetrahedral edge elements, magnetic vector potential and modified formulation of weighted residual method. If we define unknown variables in mesh edges, some conditions, such as Coulomb gauge condition in magnetic vector potential are naturally satisfied. So with less memory space, we can obtain more accurate solutions than the method where unknown variables are defined at nodes. Reliability and utility of this method are verified in two examples.

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