• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.593-612
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• 1996

This study concern with the changes of street from the Choseon Dynasty to present days around Old-Boundary in Taegu, analyzing the backgrounds of change factors and development trends of the Taegu City. The basis element of a city structure is the street. Therefore, in this study, a chage of street space of a city was investigted. Historically, Taegu was a walled city and had a Mono-nucleus which was restricted by the castle, and served as a starting point of formation of spatial structuure. The form of the artery street took a "T" pattern, othe streets were formed in irregular shapes. As the city grew gradually, the castle was removed on account of diversification in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization in traffic network, change of socio-economic organization, formation of industrial bases and functional distribution. CBD of this city has been located within the area surrounded by these streets. This is a kind of general pattern of traditional walled cities through the world in both Western and Oriental societies. A s the begining of this centry, a 'Dark Ages' descended upon Korea because the country was under the Japanese-Korean Annexation, and, throughout this period, the urban planning was planned exclusively for Japanese. The street pattern within residential areas of Korea took the maze type, in contrast with Japanese residential areas which showed grid pattern of streets. This is another general pattern of almost of all colonial cities especially in Asia. High class residential areas were planned and built by Japanese, and they were located within 5-10 minutes' on-foot distance from the CBD hard core. This high prestige has continued until the 1980s when it occurred land use succession which commerical functions invaded into residential areas. Back in the colonial period, there was a between two hetrogeneous groups due to the fact that the Japanese lived mainly oriented the new railway system but that Koreans still lived along the old highway system which ran through the Korea Peninsula. Street netwook formed in the above process has maintained its shape without great changes after the liberation form the Japanese Colony. Taegu has, accordingly, developed ring-radial network system which has been a combination of radial and ring facilities. The present conditions of street patterns in Taegy mainly depend on 4 rings and 8 radius, with grid pattern street able to be found in Old Boundary.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.52-64
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• 2023

As cities continue to develop rapidly, overcrowding, pollution, and urban sanitation problems arise, and the need to separate conflicting uses is emerging. From this perspective, there is no disagreement that urban land use should be planned. Therefore, all activities in land space must be predicted in advance and planned so that land use can be rationally established. This study used the constructed data to compare and analyze the use distribution characteristics of residential, commercial, and industrial areas in Busan Metropolitan City to identify the building area status, total floor area, and floor area ratio by use zone in districts and counties in Busan Metropolitan City. As a result, it was found that the residential area accounted for the largest proportion of the area by use zone at 51%, and that the residential area accounted for the largest proportion at 63% of the total floor area by use zone. And the analysis was conducted using a specialization coefficient that can identify regional characteristics based on land use composition ratio. Because it is difficult to determine the trend of the entire region just by counting the absolute value of the area, the area composition ratio was calculated and compared. Looking at the residential facilities among the specialization coefficients by use area, it is above 1.0 except for Gijang-gun, Sasang-gu, Saha-gu, and Jung-gu. Commercial facilities are over 1.0 except for Gijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Nam-gu, Sasang-gu, and Saha-gu. Looking at industrial facilities, you can see that the industrial complex distribution area is Gangseo-gu (2.5), Gijang-gun (1.22), Sasang-gu (2.06), and Saha-gu (1.64). In addition, it was found that business facilities and educational welfare facilities were evenly distributed. Land use analysis was conducted through simulation of the current status of building heights according to each elevation in each use area and the height of buildings in each use area. In general, areas over 80m account for more than 43% of Busan City, showing that the distribution of use areas is designated in areas with high altitude due to the influence of topographical conditions.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

This study aimed to diagnose the housing conditions of the low income single or couple elderly households. Specifically, this study divided the elderly households into total 8 housing situations according to the three factors of residential area, household composition and income level, and compare the housing satisfaction level by household situation. This study was conducted in the form of the 1:1 interview with structured questionnaire and the field study, targeting the low income single or couple elderly households over 65 years old in urban and rural areas. The 80 collected data was analyzed using the SPSS statistics program. First, the households living in the urban areas and those in the rural areas had different housing conditions. Secondly, there was a clear difference in housing conditions between the single elderly households and couple elderly households. Third, the housing conditions were different depending on the gap in income level. This research is expected to be used as a basic resource to understand their various and differentiated demands and plan the housing environment to properly meet the demand.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

The ventilation frequency of 0.5 times in residential facilities is applied mandatorily to the housing facilities containing more than 100 house units to improve the indoor air quality and create comfortable interior conditions and pleasantness for residents. The Building Energy Efficiency Rating system requires the implementation of leakage test based on ventilation frequency with the test results being reflected in the efficiency ratings, thereby stimulating the precise construction of the fittings in the periphery of windows and savings of energy that can be lost due to the infiltration air. The inspection results of the Building Energy Efficiency Rating at the site showed that the ventilation frequency was in the range between 0.63 and 0.71 and that the difference was found to have a significant effect on the amount of energy reduction. It is urgent to conduct the study on highly leakage-proof buildings and construction methods, along with the expansion of mandatory leakage-proof diagnosis of non-residential buildings, considering the mandatory ventilation frequency below 0.6 for passive houses under the European standards and the target set by Korea to introduce the passive house, the rigorous standard for energy efficiency in buildings and mitigating their ecological footprint, by 2017 and achieve the zero house by 2025.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.343-359
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• 2017

Many researches and policies have been carried out for saving energy in buildings. However, there are a few studies of thermal characteristics of wood-based materials that have been widely used as structural materials and finishing materials in buildings. In this study, thermal bridging areas were found to investigate thermal performance of residential building using non wood-based materials and wood-based materials. And heat transfer analysis of 16 case studies according to composition of structural materials and finishing materials was conducted. Also in this experiment, Physibel Trisco was used as the heat transfer analysis simulation tool, which conforms to the calculation method of ISO 10211. Analytical modeling was also carried out according to the ISO 10211, and the boundary temperature conditions were set at room temperature $20^{\circ}C$ and outdoor temperature $-11.3^{\circ}C$ (Seoul standard) according to the energy saving design standard in South Korea. Applied structures are classified according to the cases of concrete structure with non wood-based finishing materials, concrete structure with wood-based finishing materials and wood structure. Analyzed building elements were divided into a wall, a roof, an interlayer floor and a bottom floor. As a result, it can be confirmed that the thermal bridge of the concrete structure and wood structure were caused by the geometrical and material causes. In addition, the structural thermal bridge was caused in the discontinuity of the insulation in the concrete structure. Also it was confirmed that the linear heat transfer coefficient of the wall decreases when the wood-based materials are applied to the concrete structure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.544-558
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• 2017

The objective of this research is to investigate preservative efficacy for refractory species in field tests. The field tests were set up to evaluate the preservative performance of western hemlock and white spruce preservative-treated to the residential products group C and D of Canadian standard (CSA O80 Series-08) that have been developed for residential use in above-ground and ground-contact conditions, respectively. They were incised and pressure-treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) or copper azole (CA). Treated samples for the ground contact stake test and ground proximity test were installed in Jinju, Korea on November 2010 according to AWPA E7-09 and AWPA E18-06, respectively. Each sample has been annually assigned ratings for decay and termite attack, based on AWPA E7 grading system. After six years and five months of exposure, the untreated samples showed decay and particularly severe damage by termite attack but all the preservative-treated samples showed no decay. The results showed that the 5-mm penetration depths may be applicable for the treatment of refractory species. This paper discusses what to consider for the use of refractory species in Korean wood preservation industry from the penetration and retention points of view.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.323-335
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• 2017

Recently, Korea is facing a trend of a fast-paced change towards a multi-cultural society, accompanied by the consequential increase in population and many changes in the peripheral environment. Particularly, the influx of multi-cultural families in Ansan City is increasing every year, but their housing environment remains in poor conditions. Actually, the research on housing policy for multi-cultural families and their housing satisfaction is restrictive. It is therefore necessary to research on how to overcome this problem, and what realistic policy alternatives are required. The purpose of this study is to present some policy alternatives to improve the housing satisfaction of the Korean-Chinese residing in Ansan City. To this end, this study conducted empirical analysis with a focus on Korea-Chinese multi-cultural families living in Ansan City through a questionnaire. As the analysis method, this study conducted frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, cross analysis, and regression analysis, and used the statistical package-SPSS 20.0 as an analysis tool. As a result of the research, first, it was found that their awareness of the government housing policy is insufficient; second, they had a lot more hardships in housing due to the problem of the rising house prices caused by urban development & regeneration; third, in terms of housing tenure type, there was a higher proportion of a lease on a deposit basis and monthly rent than owner-occupied housing. Hence, this study drew the conclusion that the Korean-Chinese multi-cultural family's housing environment needs to be improved and policy support is required for Korean-Chinese. In addition, this study gives great significance in providing these research results as basic materials which make it possible to inquire into mutually reciprocal practice plan and strategic alternatives for a multi-cultural families from now on.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1349-1368
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• 2016

Concentrations of fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) and several of its particle constituents measured outside homes in Houston, Texas, and Los Angeles, California, were characterized using multiple regression analysis with proximity to point and mobile sources and meteorological factors as the independent variables. $PM_{2.5}$ mass and the concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), perylene (Per), benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene (BghiP), and coronene (Cor) were examined. Negative associations of wind speed with concentrations demonstrated the effect of dilution by high wind speed. Atmospheric stability increase was associated with concentration increase. Petrochemical source proximity was included in the EC model in Houston. Area source proximity was not selected for any of the $PM_{2.5}$ constituents' regression models. When the median values of the meteorological factors were used and the proximity to sources varied, the air concentrations calculated using the models for the eleven $PM_{2.5}$ constituents outside the homes closest to influential highways were 1.5-15.8 fold higher than those outside homes furthest from the highway emission sources. When the median distance to the sources was used in the models, the concentrations of the $PM_{2.5}$ constituents varied 2 to 82 fold, as the meteorological conditions varied over the observed range. We found different relationships between the two urban areas, illustrating the unique nature of urban sources and suggesting that localized sources need to be evaluated carefully to understand their potential contributions to $PM_{2.5}$ mass and its particle constituents concentrations near residences, which influence baseline indoor air concentrations and personal exposures. The results of this study could assist in the appropriate design of monitoring networks for community-level sampling and help improve the accuracy of exposure models linking emission sources with estimated pollutant concentrations at the residential level.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2018

Securing a stable residential location is one of the most important decisions that must be made in the modern society. On this matter, both individuals and their families must decide on where to live after taking into consideration various analyses. Contributing attributes in the selection of our dwelling place are crucial. In this research, influencing variables were derived from the intention to move by focusing on the characteristics of the household and traffic conditions, while implications were suggested through a comparison of urban characteristics. Suwon was selected as the case study. The result of the analysis showed the city of Suwon has longer communal satisfaction, relies on self-sufficiency, and is conscious of parking regulation. Preferences for rental housing, having infants and elementary school kids, high savings, and commuter convenience in Suwon and Gyeonggi-do ranked higher in the hierarchy of the intention to move. Compared to Gyeonggi-do, Suwon was influenced by commuters in the city and parking regulation-related variables. Meanwhile, Gyeonggi-do was affected by the lack of public transportation facilities and traffic congestion. Suwon, on the other hand, has a high share of passenger car ownership, so it seems that the psychological stability of parking space is significant. This research will contribute in the policy-making of Suwon, especially on the subject of migration prediction of citizens and real estate location selection, through analyses of variables related to the intention to move to a new residence.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.224-233
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the relations between multiple chronic diseases and peridontal diseases in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 4,142 cases was set for analysis, who aged 35 and over and finished with the third year health survey and oral health check-up of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2012). Peridontal disease was defined if community periodontal index(CPI) was 3(formation of paradental cyst of more than 4mm) or 4(formation of paradental cyst of more than 6mm). Results: The subjects consisted of 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The prevalence rate of peridontal disease was found to be 30.1% in total. In peridontal disease the more the age increased, and the lower the education level and income level as well as the more where the residential area was rural, the higher the prevalence rate was(p<0.01). According to the number of multiple chronic conditions the prevalence rate of periodontal disease accounted for 27.8%, 31.9%, 33.1%, and 35.2% when there were 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more chronic diseases respectively. As a result of logistic regression analysis, gender, age, education level, residential area, current smoking, and use of oral hygienic products were found to be significant factors on peridontal disease. Conclusions: This research revealed the prevalence rate of peridontal disease was 30.1% in Korean adults and health behaviors affecting on periodontal disease were more significant.