• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.424-435
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the influences of children's sex and the social information interpretation(intentional/incidental) on aggressions (form/function). The subjects were 363 fifth and sixth graders from 6 elementary schools in Busan and the data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. The research findings were as follows: First, children's sex had significant influence upon their overt aggression, and children's interpretation of social information had significant influences upon their overt aggression and relational aggression alike. Second, children's sex and interpretation of social information had significant influences upon their proactive aggression and reactive aggression. Finally, children's sex had significant influences upon proactive-overt aggression, reactive-overt aggression and proactive-relational aggression.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-27
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• 2012

Extending the findings of Rajagopal and Burnkrant (2009), this research examines the moderating role of consumers' goals (i.e., head category-relevant goal vs. modifier category-relevant goal) in the effects of two different interpretation strategies (i.e., relational interpretation vs. property interpretation) on product beliefs and attitudes toward hybrid products. In the current research, we make two predictions. First, we predict that both head category and modifier category beliefs will be higher under property interpretations than under relational interpretations in the modifier category-relevant goal priming conditions, whereas there will be no significant differences between each product category beliefs across the two interpretation conditions in the head category-relevant goal priming conditions. Second, we predict that attitudes toward hybrid products will be higher under property interpretations than under relational interpretations in the modifier category-relevant goal priming conditions, whereas there will be no significant differences between the attitudes toward hybrid products across the two interpretation conditions in the head category-relevant goal priming conditions. These predictions are tested and confirmed in two experiments. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and develop directions for future research.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2010

This study attempted to investigate the impact of relational characteristics just like level of perceived communication, support, conflict and justice between optical franchisor and franchisees on relational performance. Data collected from A Optical Franchisees supported two hypotheses such as communication and relational satisfaction, relational satisfaction and long-term commitment that were proposed. Another result between justice and relational satisfaction in this study shows that the other research and interpretation for this phenomenon was attempted. In accordance with the results, the following conclusion was made: it is very important to communicate with franchisor, and the core mean for that would be the enhancement of the long-term commitment of franchisees through the perceived relational satisfaction of franchisee's in optical franchise system. To accomplish this, to understand characteristics of franchisor and franchisees and fit of their characteristics should be preceded.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.15-34
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• 2010

The present study examines the sex differences in 5-year-old preschoolers' aggression according to the type of aggression (overt, relational) and the effect of components of social information processing (SIP : interpretation, goal clarification, response generation, response evaluation) and emotional factors (emotionality, emotional knowledge, emotion regulation) on their aggression. The subjects were 112 5-year-olds (56 boys, 56 girls) and their 11 teachers recruited from 9 day-care centers in Seoul and Kyung-Ki province. Each child's SIP and emotional knowledge were individually assessed with pictorial tasks and teachers reported on children's aggression, emotionality, and emotion regulation by questionnaires. Results indicated that there was a significant sex difference only in the preschoolers' overt aggression. Overtly aggressive response generation in SIP was the strongest predictor of preschoolers' overt aggression while anger of negative emotionality in emotional factors was the strongest predictor of preschoolers' relational aggression.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.16-30
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• 2002

This study tried to understand an ambiguous urban landscape through a relational context. Gongpyeong district, an urban renewal area in Seoul, was selected as the site of the case study because traditional and modern styles coexist in this district. The research method and processes are summarized as follows. First, the district, which has both a redeveloped environment and an inherent environment, was divided into Yin & Yang structures. Next, an effort was made to grasp the fundamental relational characteristics(external relationships) of each type through three aspects: physical environment, activities, and meaning. As a result, Yin characteristics were found in the redeveloped environment which has predominantly Yang characteristics. In many cases, advertising, which is a Yang element, was missing in the redeveloped area. On the other hand, in the inherent environment which has Yin characteristics in general, shabby appearances were evident in aspects beyond advertising, and Yang elements, were found from the viewpoint of the theory of place. On the basis of these results, new dualistic frameworks with respect to the functions were re-structured, and complementary characteristics (internal relationship) based on topological aspects were analyzed. Unlike the monotonous appearances found in large scale environments, a variety of spatial characteristics were found in the various small scale environments. This explains that the dualistic coexistence has made a contribution to the complementary attributes of urban landscape. This study has the following ramifications. Much research of urban landscapes that has used western methodology which employs analytic aspects. As a methodology of urban landscape research this study introduced Iching, which tries to understand phenomena in a relational context. In addition, this study expects that the profound understanding of urban environments and the detailed relationship through this framework will suggest a new approach to urban planning, design and management related to future urban environments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 2016

As the dark side of society, Idle spaces, which occurred with the paradigm change due to rapid modernization and industralization, has been existing as a severed part in cities. But with the periodic change, interest in the existing place and regional regeneration, and the necessity of reconsidering about the idle spaces values of space, city environment, socio-culture, and economy was proposed. I estimated that the change of relational aesthetics aspect of modern arts resulted in the consideration of recognizing 'place' of art, through the study, it was revealed that the form of modern arts and change of enjoyment were related to space, and the fact that this had a relation with the rise of artistic regeneration of idle spaces. mutually communicative relationship formation and practical form of arts was deducted through the interpretation of relational aesthetics, Idle spaces and artistic regeneration space can be categorized into forms of experiential space, creative space, and cultural space, depending on the formation of relationship between author-art-audience. Through the comprehensive analysis, Artistic regeneration space by relationship formation is Vitalization of various forms of art and participation program eliminates the boundary between creation and enjoyment, and the space itself can be said to contain extensive, integral, and nonterritorialization meaning as a place of experiencing art. In other words, Artistic regeneration space of idle spaces forms a close relationship with the local society, and is placed within the context of daily domain as an open space, straying off from the existing separative and closed artistic space configuration. and artistic changeover of idle spaces is not only the appearance of space that simply fulfills function according to transfiguration of modern art, but signifies that art is coexisting with space as an indivisible relationship, and can be said to be the foothold of new relationship creation as the practical 'place' of art.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Generally, trees lining the streets are the most easily accessible green areas in the city and constitute the smallest basic unit in the formation of the urban linear green axis. This study attempts to interpret issues related to city trees from a comprehensive and relational viewpoint. The site of this study is Central Park Street in front of Incheon Metropolitan City Hall. This street is representative of those in Incheon City. This study is an inter-relational interpretation of issues by measuring the vitality of these trees. The following are results of this study: First, the vitality of city trees is higher in those trees growing in natural ground than those growing in plant gratings. This observation can lead to budget savings and increased natural areas in the city. Also, if planter and multi-layering planting methods are introduced where damage to trees is predicted, variation to urban landscape can be achieved while linking to reinforced rearing foundation of street-side trees. Second, there is need for a holistic approach to caring for street-side trees regarding the damage caused by drastic pruning and strong street lights. The typical functions of these trees, like supplying freshness in summer, absorbing solar radiation, and controlling the urban micro-climate are closely related to the vitality of the trees. Accordingly, the function and ecology should be understood holistically, not separately. In this aspect, the functional and ecological use of the multi-layering planting method is effective in protecting pedestrians from vehicles as well. Third, the fallen leaves of monotonous rows of trees have different ecological and functional effects. Not only is the index of greenness in the urban setting increased, but there are also aesthetic and symbolic effects. Fourth, in spite of being the street along which Incheon Metropolitan City Hall, major administrative buildings and Central Park are located, this street does not have its own special identity to discriminate it from other streets. It fulfills only functional criteria based on uniformity. If there is no paradigm shift from today's street system based on vehicles, the role of landscape architecture will be very passive in regards to street-side trees, the minimum unit of urban green. Fifth, on this particular street, many trees were planted in December, which reflects a deficiency of short and long-term strategy, like a street-tree master plan. In this aspect, we still lack a mature culture concerning these trees as a basic unit in urban greenery. Furthermore, there needs to be cultural introspection concerning present administrative practices.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

The change in radically changing era requires various interpretation of interior space and application according to it Minimalism shows simple and pure geometric structure and has been influencing to every aspect encompassing space till present. The features of minimalism in space is geometric structure and composition of simple and repetitive line, restrained simple space, pure and structural simplicity. When minimalism construction is discussed, the vocabulary of simplicity has been followed incidentally and has been discussed as concept of simplicity in new viewpoint through historical flow. The purpose of this study is analyzing basic features of John Pawson's ways of working and trying to define the semantics of the new simplicity concept in modern interior space. The new simplicity in John Pawson shows interactive relationship of eastern and western through basic consideration of fundamental elements such as space, light and materials. The relational simple in intermediation of the new simplicity expressed by amalgamation of eastern and western further from disparate interpretation for simplicity expressed in eastern and western is to review back the basic meaning of simplicity in minimalism. And I hope this study can offer various directions for new interior space accepting theory of the new simplicity and I think that new constructional alternative is required as physical space which can be matched with era of social, environmental chaos caused by this theory of the new simplicity.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.202-214
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• 1994

A functional reduction method of Petri nets is proposed. The method is based on interpretation of relations and transitions with functions which map one series of a relation a another. In particular, we propose CF-join which combines two transitions to new one after reduction of the common places, CE-join which superpose two transitions to one after superposition of the common places, and EQ-join which reduces the common places, after the Petri nets were explained be a relational scheme. A reduced net can be obtained without changing the properties such as liveness and boundness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.65
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

Clustering in data mining is a discovery process that groups a set of data such that the intracluster similarity is maximized and intercluster similarity is minimized. The discovered clusters from clustering process are used to explain the characteristics of the data distribution. In this paper we propose a new methodology for clustering related transactions with categorical attributes. Our approach starts with transforming general relational databases into a transactional databases. We make use of inter-dimensional association rules for composing hypergraph edges, and a hypergraph partitioning algorithm for clustering the values of attributes. The clusters of the values of attributes are used to find the clusters of transactions. The suggested procedure can enhance the interpretation of resulting clusters with allocated attribute values.