• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine an effective mechanical harvester for rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Labor-saving efficiency showed 69∼76% by using tillage operations with power tiller, digger attached to power tiller, and digger attached to tractor compared with manual harvest. Loss percentage of rhizomes by mechanical harvesters was 3.1∼ 9.3% higher, and fresh rhizome yield was 2∼6％ lower than that by manual harvest, respectively. Although it showed higher loss percentage of rhizomes and lower fresh rhizome yield compared with manual harvest, mechanical harvest using digger attached to power tiller or digger attached to tractor was effective in labor-saving for rhizomes of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.4 no.1 s.4
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• pp.115-127
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• 1998

To improve the quality control of frequently used oriental medicinal plants, the storage, cutting, processing and decokting methods of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino(熟地黃) were examined. The contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2- furaldehyde(5-HMF) of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino were analysed by HPLC at various conditions as the standard component. Raw materials were classified into 3 groups with their specific gravity(天 地 人黃) and determined the ding weights and the contents of water, the solid component of Ji-Hwang(地黃) was the most. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var purpurea Makino was steamed and dried nine times and analysed the content of 5-HMF on every time. In the case of Ji-Hwang, the standard component of the ninth sample was produced the most. But which of the tenth samples of Chun-Hwang and Yin-Hwang(天黃 人黃) were the most. The best decokting conditions which were determined by the yield of 5-HMF were as follows : non cutting, soaking time was 0 minutes, decokting time was 75 minutes after boiling. The contents of sugar on each of samples were determined. The contents of standard component increased by steaming number and the contents of sugar decreased.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2007

We performed the present study to investigate whether Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (RG) extracts (RGX) and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (ES) extracts (ESX) play any roles in bone metabolism. We examined cellular activities of bone cells by measurement of osteoblastic cell viability, osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion from osteoblasts, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoclastic activity. There is no cytotoxicity from osteoblasts after treatment with RGX and ESX. The secretion of OPG from the osteoblasts showed marked increases after treatment with RGX and ESX. In addition, RGX and ESX treatment decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells and the resorption areas. RGX and ESX, when mixed at optimal ratios, induced synergic effects, in vitro. OPB, which showed synergic effects, is the extract of natural ingredients RG and ES mixed at a raw material weight ratio of 4 : 1. It can be suspected that extracts of RG and ES mixtures contains active ingredients involved in bone tissue metabolism and may be effective in improving osteoporosis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the preventing effects of OPB (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max extracts) and combined OPB/Calcium therapy on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats of 12-week-old were divided into eight groups: OVX (ovariectomized), OPBL (OPB 50 mg/kg), OPBM (OPB100 mg/kg), OPBH (OPB 200 mg/kg), OPBL/CAL(OPBL+CAL), OPBM/CAL (OPBM+CAL), OPBH/CAL (OPBH+CAL) and CAL (Calcium citrate 88.33 mg/kg+1$\alpha$, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin $D_3$ 33.33 IU/kg). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone strength indices and cortical thickness were analyzed by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). pQCT scanning showed that OVX induced a significant decrease in trabecular bone mineral density and bone mineral content in the proximal tibia $(-36.4\pm2.4%,\;-21.8\pm12.7%)$. These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of OPBM and OPBM/CAL. Cortical BMD and BMC of tibia were slightly enhanced by OPB and OPB/CAL. However there was no significant difference between OVX and OPB, OPB/CAL treated group. Bone strength indices and cortical thickness were not significantly different. Our results suggest that OPB and combined OPB/Calcium therapy are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2023

Conventionally, the seeds of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. have been directly sown at the field without using the plug seedling method. Plug seedlings have the advantage of promoting germination and convenient transplanting. However, there is little information about propagation of R. glutinosa using the plug seedling method. This study was conducted to investigate the optimal seed rhizome length, diameter, and sowing direction of R. glutinosa for establishing the plug seedling method. Seed rhizome length and diameter were separated by 1, 2, 3 cm and 0.3-0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-1.5 cm, respectively. And seed rhizomes were sown in vertical and horizontal directions. The survival rate in 1 cm length of seed rhizomes was lower than in other treatments. The leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, SPAD, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoot and roots were the greatest in 3 cm length of seed rhizomes. As the seed rhizome diameter decreased, the growth characteristics of R. glutinosa tended to increase. When R. glutinosa was sown horizontal direction, the leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and leaf area were significantly higher than in the vertical direction. In conclusion, when sowing seed rhizome in a plug tray, using a length of 3 cm, a diameter of less than 1 cm, and sowing in a horizontal direction is considered an appropriate sowing method for R. glutinosa.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.501-507
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at $60^{\circ}C$ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from $60^{\circ}C$ until $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about $60^{\circ}C$ and about $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2003

These studies were carried out to clarify the effects of black P.E. mulching and planting density on the growth and rhizome yield of Jihwang #1, a new high yielding Rehmannia glutinosa variety. Emergence ratio was higher 3.1％ in mulching than in non-mulching, but was not affected by planting density. Plant height and fresh leaf weight per plant were increased by mulching and at lower planting density. However, the fresh leaf weight per unit area was increased at higher planting density. Dry rhizome weight was increased 28% in mulching than that of non-mulching. Dry rhizome weight per plant was increased, but that of per unit area was decreased at lower planting density.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.282-285
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the cost reduction of rhizome through the stable storage of Jiwhang #1(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch). The growth characteristics of Jiwhang #1 are different from those of local Rehmannia glutinosa L. varieties in Korea. Various storage methods was introduced and analyzed for 120 days. Among storage methods, changes in mean daily temperature in storage location were the least from 7.2 to 13.8$^{\circ}C$ in underground storage, while those were wide in styrofoam box filled with soil, and changes in mean daily relative humidity were the highest 98.2% in underground storage. As the storage period increased, the rhizome brix and the rate of rhizome loss and spoiled rhizome increased. The brix and loss rate of rhizome were higher in net sack filled with hull and styrofoam box filled with hull, but the rate of spoiled rhizome was the greatest in underground storage among storage methods. As the storage period increased, the hardness of rhizome epidermis increased, while that of rhizome endodermis decreased.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the preventing effects of OPB (water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max) on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Twenty Sprague Dawley rats of 13 week-old were divided into two groups: control group (ovariectomized, OVX)) and experimental group (OVX + OPB). The preventing effects of OPB on bone loss, OPB were fed with 100 mg OPB/kg body weight from 3 days after ovariectomization. The duration of the treatment period was 8 weeks. All bone mineral density, bone mineral content indices and bone strength indices measured by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) and serum bone marker assessment were carried out at end of experiment. pQCT scanning showed that OVX induced a significant decrease in cancellous bone mineral density in the proximal tibia ($-29.8{\pm}3.0%$). These decreases were significantly prevented by the administration of OPB 100 mg/kg ($-21.4{\pm}2.3%$. p<0.05). Bone strength indices showed significant difference between OVX and OPB treated rats (anti-fracture, anti-twisting, p<0.05). These data suggested that administration of OPB inhibited the loss of bone in OVX rats. CTx level were lower than in the OPB-treated animals compared with OVX. However there was no significant difference between OVX and OPB treated OVX rat. Our results suggest that OPB is effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and characterization of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in Chinese foxglove isolated from the field of the Chonbuk province(Jinan, Jangsu, Jeongeup). TMV was detected in all three regions and confirmed positive reaction by ELISA test. In the host range test, Chenopodium amaranticola, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. 'Bright yellow', N. tabacum cv. 'KY­57, Datura stramonium were locally infected with the virus. The virus produced mosaic symptom on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. 'Samson'. However, Chenopodium quinoa, Glycine max, Raphanus sativus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Brassica rape and Lycopersion esculentum did not show any symptoms. TMV particles were revealed as a stiff rod shape by transmission electron microscopic(TEM) and measured as 300 nm in length with 18 nm in diameter. Total RNA was extracted from showing symptom loaves infected with TMV and the reverse transcription­polymerase chain reaction (RT­PCR) obtained 531 bp DNA product of RNA with specific primer used. The capsid protein of TMV­RE showed higher amino acid sequence homology(97.7％) with TMV­To than with TMV­P(72.2％). The capsid protein of TMV­152 showed same amino acid sequence homology with TMV­F. The result of comparison of nucleotides sequence homology between TMV­RE strain and other TMV strain showed 94％ homology with others except TMV­P(67.3％) and TMV ­ C(68.6％).