• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.214-227
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• 2017

There is an increasing attention by scholars and policy makers that university campus can be the key space for the location of high-tech companies and research facilities as well as the promotion of university-industry collaboration activities. There is a tendency that science parks in the UK have a close connection with neighboring universities on the basis of university-industry collaboration activities. Moreover, the role and importance of the university in the evolution process of science parks has been rapidly increased since the 1990's. Recently, the UK government started to push ahead with the university enterprise zone programme, as a new type of enterprise zone, in order to promote university-industry collaboration and local economic development. In this regard, the Korean government also needs to pay attention to the new role of universities, especially universities located in non-capital areas, for not only strengthening the competitiveness of universities, but also fostering regional and national economic development.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.623-638
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• 2007

This paper debates on two different theoretical positions in explaining corporate adaptation. Until the 1980s, a restructuring perspective had dominated in explaining corporate success and adaptation. However, this perspective pays little attention to how firms adapt to environmental change and why some firms adapt successfully, while some others fail to adapt. Thus a restructuring perspective does not give insights into a context-specific explanation of corporate learning and adaptation. More recently, especially since the 1990s, academic focus on corporate adaptation and evolution has shifted towards exploring the nature of learning that leads to the dynamic competitiveness. A learning perspective emphasizes the influence of knowledge, learning and competence on corporate evolution. However, it reveals that this view is also less appropriate for explaining corporate adaptation in radical shifts in environment. In this context, the evolutionary theories of the firm need to seek to maintain a balance between two theoretical positions in order to understand more effectively the dynamic evolution and adaptation of the firm. This paper shows that the dynamics of corporate adaptation and evolution are an outcome of the mixture of perpetual processes of restructuring and learning, both continuous and discontinuous.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.955-970
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• 2004

With the flow of globalization, world aviation markets are showing growing trends toward liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. At the same time, also apparent is a strong trend toward regionalism on aviation markets to realize open skies at the regional level. This research examines the recent trend of regionalism in the world aviation market from a political economic perspective, taking a single European aviation market as an example. The results show that the creation of a single European aviation market is the EU's strategic response against the US to enhance the European aviation industry's competitiveness. More specifically, the results show that the European countries are creating a single European aviation market in order to stand against the US' so-called 'divide and nile policy' and 'encirclement strategy' and to make their airliners to have competitive advantages over the US airliners on the lucrative North-Atlantic air routes. Recently, the single European aviation market is expanding by including the Mediterranean and Balkan states to pursue Pan European aviation cooperation and to develop European Common Aviation Area so that it can continuously enhance its negotiating leverage against external markets. The results imply that it is urgent for the Northeast Asian countries to create their own regional aviation bloc to develop their aviation industry and to increase their negotiating power against external countries.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2001

This paper is to analyze how firms in a large firm-led industrial city have carried out the restructuring in the face of radical shifts, with focus on the strategy and the restructuring of firms in Ulsan, a typical industrial district in Korea that is specialized in heavy & chemical industry. It has been well known that the local economy has been led by a small number of large firms, including affiliates of chaebol, and its industrial structure has also been characterised as a clear dichotomy between large firms as a customer and small and medium-size firms as a supplier, which can be called not horizontal but vertical relations. It can identify some tendencies, however, that local companies have been rather dynamically changing in response to increasingly turbulent environment since the Asian crisis. Some are radical, but some incremental. These can be summarized in four distinctive but interlinked ways. First, more than half of local companies surveyed have attempted to change their production systems, mainly from the fordist mass production towards the flexible mass production, seeking both economies of scale and scope. Second, local firms have vigorously continued to reorganize the boundary of the production and the organization, by specializing products and focusing on the core competence in order to save costs and cope with radically changing customer demands in a flexible way. Third, there have been various strategies for the organizational innovation such as the introduction of team organization, the boundary blurring between the managerial and production workers and the intra-firm spin-offs, so as to improve managerial efficiency and competence in the use of internal labour market. Finally, they have tried to be more sensitive to the market and customers. These tendencies seem to be increasingly critical to sustain their competitiveness. To do so, they tend to focus increasingly not only on the competing via the product quality rather than through price, but also to seek to diversify the market and customer firms beyond national boundary.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.298-309
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• 2012

This paper studies the characteristics of the network of the Zhongguancun Cluster, the most representative innovative cluster of the high-tech industry in China at present. For this study, Zhongguancun Cluster was the first high-tech cluster created in China in 1988, the current Zhongguancun Cluster plays a leading role in the development of the high-tech industry in China. In addition, the Zhongguancun Cluster has attracted global attention and helped elevate China as a key region in terms of research development in relation to the high-tech industry. With regard to the spatial characteristics of the network belonging to the companies in Zhongguancun Cluster, purchase and producer services and information and R&D network have a strong tendency to be local, while on the other hand the product sales network has a strong tendency to be non-local. It is because the political support supplied by the government, institutional base that provides high-tech companies, producer services and information regarding producer services is relatively well prepared and managed in Zhongguancun Cluster. The spatial characteristics of the R&D network have a very strong local character is due to the location of the Zhongguancun Cluster where companies, universities and research centers with outstanding research development capacity as well as various support organizations for technology innovation within the cluster are included. On the other hand, because the high-tech products produced in this area are sold all across China as well as in foreign countries, the product sales network has a strong non-local character. Strengthening the local network in terms of the main agents of the cluster is the most important aspect in order to develop a certain industrial cluster into an innovative cluster. In this respect, if the Zhongguancun Cluster is seen from the perspective of a network, it has a basic network foundation. However, to strengthen international competitiveness, not only the local network but also the international network should be strengthened.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Purpose - The ICT market in the EU is lagging behind that of the US; however, algorithm and software development within the EU have grown steadily, and they involve focusing on the creative cultural convergence conceptualized as part of Horizon 2020 and connecting neighboring markets in the EE and the Mediterranean region. It is essential to study the requirements to market the EU's creative ICT development in emerging industrial countries after examining its applicability in these countries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study deals with data pertaining to the EU's creative industry and competitive edge. The global cultural expansion of the EU facilitates a new concept involving not only low-cost IT products to enhance local cultural artifacts through R&D and the construction of efficient infrastructure services, but also information exchange with a realistic commercialization of the technology that can be applied for creative cultural localization. In the European industry, research on algorithms has been applied for the benefit of consumers. We investigated how the process is conducted in the EU. Results - Europe needs to adjust its economic structure to the local culture as part of IT distribution convergence. The convergence has been converted into a production algorithm with IT in the form of low-cost production. This is because there is an attempt to improve the quality of transport infrastructure, workforce availability, and the distribution of the distance to the local industries and consumers, using IT algorithms. Integrated into the manufacturing industry, based on the ICT infrastructure and solutions, smart localized regional clusters are formed with the help of grafting. Europe has own strategy to increase the number of hub-and-spoke cities. Europe is now becoming integrated, with an EPC system for regional cooperation rather than national competition in ICT technology. Europe has also been recognized in this study as changing the step-by-step paradigm for global competitiveness through new creative culture industries. Conclusions - As a result, there are several ways of converging with others through EU R&D intensity; therefore, the EU can be seen as successfully increasing marginal value, which is useful in developing a special industrial cluster or local cultural cities that create converged development by connecting people and objects with IT. In fact, when compared to the US, Europe has a strong culture and the car industries have a tendency to overshadow the IT industries with integration of services in IT distribution. Considering the rapid environmental changes, the convergence of IT services is likely to take place in Europe, similar to the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry. This requires a focus on human resources and automated systems management. The trend is to move away from low-wage industries, switched to key personnel centers of the local university-industry. EU emphasizes the creation of IT market demand in Europe involving local cultural convergence for marketing as the second step to strengthen the economic hub-and-spoke areas.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2019

This study focused on low fertility and population decline which threaten national competitiveness. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis was attempted on the impact of housing characteristics and residential area characteristics of newlyweds on their birth plan. To this end, the hierarchical linear model(HLM) was implemented using '2016 Korea Newlyweds' Housing Survey' data. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, the birth plan of newlyweds is affected not only by housing characteristics, but also residential area characteristics such as the average housing price, average private education expenses and the number of local child centers. Second, the use of housing loans and the housing tenure have an interaction effect with the average housing price and the number of local child centers among the residential area characteristics. In other words, the use of housing loans has a negative effect on the birth plan if the housing price is high in the area, and being renter household has a positive effect on the birth plan if the number of local child centers is high in the area. These findings suggest that governmental effort to raise the birthrate of newlyweds should take into account their housing characteristics as wells as residential area characteristics.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-317
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• 2018

In the era of glocalization, the role of the state is gradually being reduced and the roles of cities and regions are becoming more critical, especially for the everyday life of residents. Many attempts have been made to secure regional competitiveness based on local identity, to differentiate it from other cities and regions, and to search for methods of sustainable development. The importance of place, which affects human life-world, is getting to garner more attention whereas the large-scale development-centered approach has becoming less prominent. The objective of the study is to investigate the concept of place-making and to apply for the East Asian regions, which seems to be differentiated from urban cultural frameworks of the West. The paper employs comparative methodology for the placemaking strategies of the three case locations, say Mok-dong in Seoul, Koganecho in Yokohama and red town in Shanghai. By through examining the three stages of place-making for each three place, it reveals that cultural identity is quintessential in the East-Asian region. In conclusion, it suggests a sustainable place-making strategies for urban areas in East-Asian regional setting.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Domestic construction companies have difficulty in establishing strategies when entering overseas markets because they do not have an overseas construction economic sentiment index to refer to for data on overseas construction prospects. Considering that the fluctuation of overseas construction orders over the past decade has been substantial and large companies and SMEs are actively advancing overseas, this study developed an evaluation model for an overseas construction business sentiment index to grasp the economic experience of overseas construction companies. In 2021 Korean companies earned 30.6 billion in overseas construction contracts, 87% the level of the previous year, despite difficulties such as COVID-19 and low oil prices, thanks to efforts by construction companies to strengthen their strategies for entry, such as regional diversification, and government support for winning orders. Since the overseas construction industry fluctuates greatly due to changes in the international environment, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the economic sentiment index of overseas construction companies. In particular, despite the increase in overseas expansion of small and medium-sized construction companies and engineering companies, the provision of information on the overseas construction market sentiment index is insufficient, limiting the establishment of strategies for overseas construction expansion. Therefore, this study intends to develop an overseas construction market sentiment index model that can understand the economic sentiment of overseas construction companies, provide a forecast for overseas construction, and use it to establish overseas construction strategies and policies.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-119
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• 2008

Traditional market which is characterized by the folksy retailing market has lost its competitiveness rapidly due to the emergence of the Internet and the change of customer's purchasing behavior. The recession of the traditional market contracts the regional economy. We suggest a u-Market, a traditional market with ubiquitous computing capability, to revitalize traditional market. The suggested u-Market system applies ubiquitous computing technologies characterized by communications between customers and objects without limitations of time and location. The proposed u-Market system offers location information and specific contents of traditional market to customers. Furthermore, u-Market system recommends the store and product list that customers are likely to visit and purchase based on their contexts, so they can save their time and effort to search the products or contents.