• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

In order to provide an effective preparedness for a nuclear or radiological emergency happening in the domestic or neighborhood countries and to solve the vague fear of the people for the ingestion of radioactive livestock products, the establishment of national guideline level for radionuclides in feed is urgently necessary. This is because it is important to secure the safety and to manage the crisis in the agricultural, fishery and food sector by performing the effective safety control during and after nuclear incident. This study was performed to investigate the report cases of international organizations and foreign countries to set up a domestic control standard for managing radioactive substances that may be contaminated in animal feeds due to the nuclear power plant incident. In addition, an attempt was made to provide a useful reference that can help prepare a domestic control standard, using a coefficient that can consider the transfer into livestock through the intake of radioactive contaminated animal feeds. The standard radioisotopes investigated were confined to radioactive cesium ($^{137+134}Cs$) and iodine ($^{131}I$). Guideline level for the radionuclides was calculated by using the transfer coefficient factor and the maximum daily intake of animal feed provided by IAEA. For example, the maximum daily intake of animal feed was set as $25kg\;d^{-1}$ for dairy cows, $10kg\;d^{-1}$ for beef cattle, $3.0kg\;d^{-1}$ for pigs and $0.15kg\;d^{-1}$ for chickens. The result values for radioactive cesium were calculated as $8,696Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $4,545Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $1,667Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $2,469Bq\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The results for radioactive iodine showed the ranges between $741Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $76,628Bq\;kg^{-1}$. These data can be utilized as a scientific reference for the preparation of a crisis management manual for the emergency control due to nuclear power plant accident in Korea and neighboring country. These results will contribute to establish the safe feed management system at national level as manual for responding the radioactive exposure of agricultural products and animal feeds, which are currently not established.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2013

Zi geese (Anser anser domestica) belong to the white geese and are excellent layers with a superior feed-to-egg conversion ratio. Quantitative gene expression analysis, such as Real-time qRT-PCR, will provide a good understanding of ovarian function during egg-laying and consequently improve egg production. However, we still don't know what reference genes in geese, which show stable expression, should be used for such quantitative analysis. In order to reveal such reference genes, the stability of seven genes were tested in five tissues of Zi geese. Methodology/Principal Findings: The relative transcription levels of genes encoding hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1), ${\beta}$-actin (ACTB), ${\beta}$-tubulin (TUB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GADPH), succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein (SDH), 28S rRNA (28S) and 18S rRNA (18S) have been quantified in heart, liver, kidney, muscle and ovary in Zi geese respectively at different developmental stages (1 d, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The expression stability of these genes was analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Conclusions: The expression of 28S in heart, GAPDH in liver and ovary, ACTB in kidney and HPRT1 in muscle are the most stable genes as identified by the three different analysis methods. Thus, these genes are recommended for use as candidate reference genes to compare mRNA transcription in various developmental stages of geese.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2011

Newly born lambs have to face challenges in a new environment totally different from that of the uterus. Adaptation to extra-uterine life involves functional changes with almost each organ and system in the body undergoing a series of metabolic and anatomical modifications. Failure to adapt the extra-uterine environment can not only lead to homeostatic disturbances but also lead to the death of the affected lambs. Hematological parameters of newly born lambs show variability that differs between breeds of lambs. The purpose of present study was to determine homeostatic responses and physiological reference values in Kajli breed lambs occurring in the neonatal period through changes in blood profile, respiratory rate, heart rate, live weight and rectal, scrotal and skin temperatures. For this purpose, sixteen clinically fit lambs (males = 10 and females = 6) with a mean body weight $6.92{\pm}0.46$ kg were selected. Physiological data of selected parameters of each Kajli lamb was recorded at three day intervals and hematological parameters at five days for a period of 30 days. In general, statistical analysis showed a significant effect of time (p<0.001) on all the studied physiological and hematological parameters except platelets counts, white blood cells and hemoglobin concentration. The results documented in the current study are an addition to existing knowledge of the physiology of Kajli sheep breed should be helpful in developing feeding, disease diagnoses and treatment protocols for newborn Kajli stock.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2010

The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and energy in white fishmeal, herring meal, anchovy meal, salmon meal, sardine meal, mackerel meal, squid meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal and wheat flour were determined for olive flounder. Digestibility coefficients were determined using a reference diet and test diets that contained 70% of the reference diet mixture and 30% test ingredients. All diets contained 0.5% chromic oxide as a digestibility indicator. The fish averaging 220 g were held in 500 L tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank. Feces were collected from three replicated groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to a fish-rearing tank. The apparent dry matter, crude protein and energy digestibility coefficient values observed were in the ranges 29-79%, 59-95% and 45-91%, respectively, for various test ingredients. The apparent dry matter, crude protein and energy digestibility of white fishmeal, herring meal, anchovy meal, salmon meal, sardine meal, mackerel meal and squid meal were significantly higher than those of soybean meal, corn gluten meal and wheat flour.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male lambs to assess the effect of cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on blood constituents and immunity. Lambs were randomly assigned to a reference diet (30% deoiled peanut meal, DPNM) and four test diets containing 40% of either raw, 45 minutes cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron (1 free gossy-pol, FG : 0.3 Fe) treated CSM (replacing approximately 50%, reference concentrate mixture). These isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad lib maize hay for 180 days. Blood was collected at 60, 120 and 180 days post feeding. The lambs were sensitized with Brucella abortus S99 antigen after 140 days and were subjected to ELISA and delayed type hypersensitivity. Blood haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, urea, creatinine concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in lambs fed on raw or processed CSM were comparable to the values of reference lambs. The higher (p<0.01) blood glucose levels observed in CSM fed lambs at 60 days of feeding was latter reduced to the levels comparable with those on reference diet at 120 and 180 days of feeding. The alanine amino transferase activity was lower in lambs fed raw and cooked CSM containing diets at 120 and 180 days of feeding. A marginal increase in serum iron and alkaline posphatase activity was observed in iron treated group and raw CSM fed lambs, respectively. The humoral immune response and DTH reactivity was lower (p<0.05) in lambs fed raw CSM (consuming 302.83 mg FG/day). Cooking, $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron treatment of raw CSM showed a positive response in alleviating the suppression of immune response owing to the reduced consumption of FG by 40.19, 17.40% and 26.73%, respectively in these diets. The present study thus indicated that consumption of 40% raw CSM (302.83 mg FG/day) though did not affect majority of the haematological and blood biochemical parameters, but markedly suppressed the immune mechanism of lambs.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

H.264 영상 압축 표준은 높은 압축률과 화질로 널리 이용되고 있다. 이러한 H.264 복호기에서 움직임 보상기는 가장 연산 시간이 오래 걸리고 복잡한 유닛이다. 이러한 움직임 보상기의 성능은 보간 연산기와 참조 픽셀을 외부에서 읽어 오는 동작의 효율성에 의해 결정된다. 따라서 고성능 보간 연산기를 설계하고 참조 메모리와 데이터의 관리를 통해 데이터 재활용을 늘려 외부 메모리 접근 횟수를 줄이는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 2 차원 회전 레지스터 파일과 움직임 벡터 예측기, 그리고 저복잡도 고성능의 보간 연산기를 이용한 효율적인 움직임 보상기 구조를 제안한다. 2 차원 회전 레지스터는 참조 메모리에서 읽어 온 픽셀 데이터를 보관하면서 보간 연산기에 필요한 픽셀 데이터를 신속하게 공급하고 재활용될 데이터를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 기능을 가지고 있다. 제안된 구조에 따라 움직임 보상기를 설계하고 인트라 예측기와 통합하여 예측 연산기를 구현하여 동작과 성능을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1993

In this paper, we discuss on the control algorithm to make the wheeled inverse pendulum type mobile robot move in two dimensional plane. The robot considered in this paper has two independently driven wheels in same axel which suport and move it-self, and is assumed to have the fyro type sensor to know the inclination algle of the body and rotary encoders to know wheel's rotation angular velocity. The control algorithm is divided into three parts. The first part is for the posture and velocity control for forward-backward direction, the second is the steering control, and the last part is for the control of total system to track the given trajectory. We handle the running velocity control of the robot as part of the posture control to keep the balance because the posture relates deeply with the velocity and can be controlled by the velocities of the wheels. The control problem is analyzed as the tracking control, and the controller is realized with the state feedback and feed-forward of the reference velocity. Constructing the control system which contained one intergrator in forward path, we also realized the control system without observer for the estimation of the accumulated errors in the inclination angle of the body. To prevent the robot from being unstable state by sudden variation of the reference velocity when it starts and stops, or changes velocity, the reference velocity of which acceleration is slowly changing, is ordered to the robot. To control its steering, we give the different reference velocities for both wheels which are calculated from the desired angular velocity of the body. Finally, we presents the experimental results of the experimental robot Yamabico Kurara in which the proposed control algorithm had been implemented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.172-175
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• 2003

The regression equations of dry weight of planktonic biomass upon physico-chemical characteristics of fifteen ponds in three replicates under the influence of artificial feed, broiler manure, buffalo manure, N:P:K (25:25:0) and a control pond was obtained after one year of experimental period by using stepwise regression method. Water samples from each of the ponds were analyzed daily. However, the average values were calculated on the basis of 15 day intervals designated as fortnight. In artificial feed supplemented pond the regression of average nitrates on dry weight of planktonic biomass accounted for 71.7% of the variation in biomass. In broiler manure fertilization pond the regression of total nitrogen on dry weight of planktonic biomass held it responsible for more than 74.6% of variation in biomass. In buffalo's manure fertilized pond more than 82% of the variations in biomass were due to total nitrogen. In case of N:P:K (25:25:0) treated pond 66% of the variation in the dry weight of planktonic biomass was due to average nitrates. The control pond showed the dependence of biomass on light penetration. This equation explained more than 62 percent of variation in biomass. Other variables also showed some contribution towards variation in biomass under all the treatments in these regression studies.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Most publications on friction stir welding describe phenomena or results with given process parameters like feed rate, rotation speed, angle and depth of penetration. But without a complete documentation of tool design, the results under the same process parameters are completely different. For this purpose, the Institute of Cutting and Joining Manufacturing Processes (tff), University of Kassel investigated the influence of tool roughness on the friction stir welding process. Therefore a defined surface finish was produced by turning and die sinking. As basis of comparison the constant parameters were rotation speed, feed rate, tilt angle and a heel plunge depth. Sound butt-welds were produced in aluminium alloy 6082 (AlMgSi1) with 1.5 mm sheet thickness with a turned reference tool with a surface of $Ra=0.575{\mu}m$ in position controlled mode. The surfaces are manufactured from a very fine to a very rough structure, classified by the VDI-classes with differences in the arithmetical mean roughness. It can be demonstrated with the help of temperature measures, that less heat is generated at the surfaces of the shoulder and the pin by the higher roughness due to lower active friction contact surface. This can also be seen in the resulting wormhole defects.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.839-848
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 외란토크를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 AC 서보모터의 견실제어 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 제어기는 플랜트 모델에 기초한 피드포워드제어기와 안정화 피드백제어기로 구성된다. 피드포워드제어기는 공칭(nominal) 플랜트의 출력이 기준 속도명령을 정확히 추적하도록 설계되며 피드백제어기는 전체 폐루프시스템을 안정화시키는 역할을 한다. 피드백제어기는 임의로 선택될 수 있는 자유함수를 포함하는데 이 자유함수는 외란토크의 영향을 억제하고 제어기가 모델오차에 견실하게(robust) 동작되도록 선택될 수 있다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 제어방식이 기존의 제어방식들에 비해 우수한 제어성능을 가짐을 입증한다.