• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2014

Investigation of the quality characteristics of Takju brewing mashes prepared with several different yeasts was carried out during the 42-day brewing process, including examination of titratable acidity, amino acid content, sugar contents, alcohol contents, pH, reducing sugar, yeast population, lactic acid bacteria, and sensory evaluation. Fermivin yielded the highest titratable acidity, while la parisienne had the lowest. Fermivin also had the highest value of amino acid content (14.33%), while other yeasts shows period tended to increase over exclude Instaferm and Song chun. The amount of sugars in instaferm ($11.33^{\circ}Bx$) and instaferm red ($10.53^{\circ}Bx$) were higher than those in La parisienne red and Song chun ($9.57^{\circ}Bx$). The alcohol contents of instaferm was the highest value (15.20%) while the alchol content of the other yeasts tended to increase the fementation period. Fermivin had the highest pH at $12^{th}$ day among the yeasts(4.02), Instaferm red had the lowest pH among the yeasts (3.87) while safbrew wb-06 had the highest reducing sugar content(117.60 mg/mL). Instaferm obtained the highest preference in the sensory evaluation for all items.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제9권
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• pp.41-57
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• 1968

제주산(濟州産) 감귤(柑橘) 14개품종(個品種)에 대(對)하여 생육시기(生育時期)에 따른 과실(果實) 부위별(部位別) 산(酸) 및 당조성(糖組成)의 추이(推移)를 조사(調査)하고 거제산감귤(巨濟産柑橘)을 분석(分析) 비교(比較)하였으며 혈연(血緣)이 먼 타과실(他果實)의 부위별(部位別) 산조성(酸組成)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 과피율(果皮率)이 생육(生育) 초기(初期)에 크고 그후 완숙(完熟)에 이르기까지 점차 감소(減少)하며 이는 동화(同化) 산물(産物)의 전류(轉流)가 초기(初期)에는 과피(果皮)로 후기(後期)에는 과육(果肉)으로 더많이 전류(轉流)하거나아니면 과피(果皮)에서 과육(果肉)으로 전류(轉流)될 가능성을 보인다. 2) 과중(果重)이 클수록 과피율(果皮率)이 큰 경향을 나타내며 과실중(果實重)이 200이상(以上)의 것은 과피율(果皮率)이 30이상의 품종(品種)은 종실수(種實數)가 15개(個) 이상(以上)이다. 3) 과중(果重)이 최고점(最高點)에 이를때 과육(果肉) 전산함량(全酸含量)이 최고(最高)에 이르고 그후는 감소(減少)하는것이 대부분이나 최고전산(最高全酸) 함량(含量)이 20me/100g 이하로 가장 낮은 품종(品種)들은 수확기(收穫期)까지 계속 증가(增加)하였다. 4) 생육각시기(生育各時期)의 과육중(果肉中) 전산(全酸)과 적정산간(滴定酸間)에 r=0.933, 과피중(果皮中) 전산(全酸)과 결합산간(結合酸間)에 r=0.970으로 모두 1% 수준에서 유의성(有意性)이 있으며 과육(果肉)에서는 대부분 적정산(滴定酸)(73%)인 반면 과피(果皮)에서는 대부분이 결합산(結合酸)(88%)이다. 5) 결합산(結合酸)은 성숙단계(成熟段階)에 과육(果肉)에서 증가(增加)하고 과피(果皮)에서 감소(減少)하므로 과피(果皮)로부터 과육(果肉)으로의 염류(鹽類)의 전류(轉流)가 예상된다. 6) 산(酸)과 당조성(糖組成)의 부위별(部位別) 차(差)에 의(依)한 과실(果實)의 유형적분류방법(類型的分類方法)은 혈연(血緣)이 먼 수박과 도마도등(等에)도 적용(適用)될 수 있다. 7) 과육중(果肉中) 전당(全糖)과 비환원당(非還元糖)은 계속 증가(增加)하며 전당(全糖)과 환원당(還元糖)의 상관계수(相關係數)는 $0.849^{**}$ ,$0.732^{**}$ $0.583^*$으로 감소(減少)하고 환원당비율(還元糖比率)도 감소(減少)한다. ($^{**}\;1%$수준(水準)에서 유의성(有意性) $^{*}\;5%$) 8) 과육당(果肉糖)은 주로 비환원당(非還元糖)(61%)인 반면 과피당(果皮糖)은 주로 환원당(還元糖)(88%)이며 수확기(收穫期) 과육중(果肉中) 전당(全糖)과 비환원당간(非還元糖間)에 r=0.861, 과피중(果皮中) 전당(全糖)과 환원당간(還元糖間)에 r=0.972로 모두 1%(水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 있다. 9) 과피율(果皮率)이 36% 이하(以下)의 품종(品種)은 과피당비(果皮糖比) (과육전당(果肉全糖)/과피전당(果皮全糖))가 1보다 크고 과피율(果皮率)이 36% 이상(以上)인 품종(品種)은 1이하(以下)로 당함량(糖含量)과 부위별(部位別) 생장속도(生長速度)에 관련성(關聯性)이 있는 것 같다. 10) 거제군(巨濟郡) 온주(溫州)는 제주산(濟州産)에 비(比)해 과피율(果皮率)이 적고 산(酸)과 당함량(糖含量)이 낮으나 감미비(甘味比)가 높았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at $60^{\circ}C$ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from $60^{\circ}C$ until $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about $60^{\circ}C$ and about $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1986

1. 각(各) 비종(肥種)의 시비수준별(施肥水準別) 잎중 양분함량(養分含量)은 질소(窒素)의 경우 증비(增肥)할수록 비옥지(肥沃地), 척박지(瘠薄地)에서 모두 증가(增加)하였으며, 인산(燐酸)은 증비(增肥)에 관계없이 비옥도간(肥沃度間), 시비수준간(施肥水準間)에 함량차이(含量差異)가 없었고, 가리(加里)의 경우에는 비옥지(肥沃地)가 척박지(瘠薄地)보다 동일시비수준(同一施肥水準)에서 칼륨함량(含量)이 다소 높았으나 척박지(瘠薄地)는 변화폭(變化幅)이 작았다. 2. 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)의 증비(增肥)는 특히 비옥(肥沃)한 경작지(耕作地)일수록 수확엽(收護葉)의 성숙(成熟)을 지연(遲延)시켰으며, 생육후기(生育後期)의 지나친 질소흡수(窒素吸收)는 니코틴함량(含量)을 증가(增加)시킴과 동시에 환원당함량(還元糖含量)을 저하(低下)시킴으로써 품질지수(品質指數)(환원당(還元糖)/니코틴비(比); Coulson계수(係數))도 낮아졌다. 3. 토양(土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度)와 관계없이 잎담배중 질소함량(窒素含量)이 높아짐에 따라 니코틴함량(含量)도 비례(比例)하여 증가(增加)되었으나 니코틴함량(含量)의 점증(漸增)에 따라 환원당함량(還元糖含量)은 점감(漸減)하는 부(負)의 관계가 인정(認定)되었으며, 잎담배중 니코틴함량(含量)이나 환원당함량(還元糖含量)은 척박지(瘠薄地)에서보다 비옥지(肥沃地)에서 전반적으로 더 높았다. 4. 니코틴함량(含量)과 잎담배등급감정가격(等級鑑定價格)과는 부(負)의 상관(相關), 환원당함량(還元糖含量)과는 고도(高度)의 정상관(正相關)을 보임으로써 잎담배등급감정가격(等級鑑定價格)을 근거(根據)로 한 품질지수(品質指數)는 화학성분(化學成分)에 의한 품질측정치(品質測定値)와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는것으로 인정(認定)되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.990-997
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• 1995

Effect of preparation method on Yulmoo kimchi(watery kimchi prepared with Yulmoo, leaf radish) fermentation was investigated by measuring physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties for 20 days. Yulmoo kimchi was fermented at 4$^{\circ}C$ after keeping at room temperature(27$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$) for 8 hours. Four types(A, B, C, D) of Yulmoo kimchi were prepared. Sample A was made without wheat flour paste and red pepper powder and sample B was made with wheat flour paste. Sample C was made with red pepper powder, and sample D was made with wheat flour paste and red pepper powder. pH was slowly lowered and stabled after 10 days in all samples. Total acid content increased in all samples. Reducing sugar content initially increased and decreased thereafter. Especially, reducing sugar content of sample B increased in the early stage of fermentation and maintained initial reducing sugar content after 20 days. Total vitamin C content reduced during fermentation in all samples. Especially initial total vitamin C content of sample D increased more than those of other samples relatiely. Lightness and yellowness showed no difference, but on the other hand redness increased gradually in all samples. The number of lactic acid bactgeria reached maximum value in 10~13 days with the total cell numbers and gradually decreased thereafter in all samples. The number of lactic acid bacteria and total cell number of sample D was much more than those of any other samples. As a result of the sensory evaluation, Yulmoo kimchi showed significant difference in all characteristics. Sample D showed the highest scores in all characteristics before 10 days of fermentation. However, after 10 days sample B showed the highest scores.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2007

저장기간이 벼 생태형에 따라 미립 특성에 영향하는 정도를 검토하기 위하여 자포니카형, 통일형 및 통일형에서 유래된 1대잡종형의 정조를 $4{\sim}40$개월간 외부환경이 제어되지 않은 종자 저장실에 저장하여 저장기간에 따른 물리화학적 특성 변화에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자 발아율은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 낮아졌는데 자포니카형은 16개월 저장시 66.7%, 28개월 저장시 2.5%로 크게 떨어졌고 40개월 후에는 전혀 발아되지 않았으며, 통일형과 1대잡종형은 28개월까지는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 40개월에는 각각 54.0% 및 67.9%로 발아율의 차이를 보였다. 2. 현미 경도는 통일형, 1대잡종형, 자포니카형의 순서로 높았으며 저장기간에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. 알카리 붕괴도는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며, 단백질 함량은 완만하게 감소하였고, 아밀로즈 함량은 일정한 경향이 없었다. 4. 전당 함량과 환원당 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였는데 저장 28 개월 이내에서 증가폭이 컷고 그 이후는 완만한 증가를 보였다. 5. 전당 함량에 대한 환원당 함량의 비율은 저장기간이 길수록 전당 함량보다는 환원당 함량의 증가가 많아서 비율이 높아졌다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find out the level of knowledge on sugar-related nutrition among mothers with preschool children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study conducted a survey on 350 mothers whose children attended daycare. The dietary lives of the children and the nutritional knowledge of the mothers on sugar were checked. In order to analyze results, SPSS 18.0 was used. ANOVA and t-test were also performed to analyze recognition and educational needs. RESULTS: When the degree of nutritional knowledge was measured and analyzed, the results showed about 11 average points out of 15. The higher a group's nutritional knowledge, the better the dietary habits and activities were and the activities were more ccommon. The group with a low level of nutritional knowledge consumed more foods with high sugar content, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also the children from the group of mothers that provided nutritional education to their children were more likely to engage in better dietary habits and activities. CONCLUSIONS: 66.5% respondents did not know about policies to reduce sugar consumption, but most indicated that education on reducing sugar consumption is needed. Therefore, a government-driven search for efficient methods to campaign and publicize sugar reduction is needed in order to continuously provide appropriate education.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1998

Kochujang was prepared by using retrograded rice cakes (Song Pyun, Sym rice cake, Ssuk rice cake, Pat rice cake) as a source starch and the physiochemical and sensory characteristics were compared with traditional kochujang during aging for 60 days. Moisture content of all kochujang groups increased slowly but crude fat content decreased according to aging process. Changes of pH values of all kochujang reduced gradually during aging and the pH of saccharified kochujang was lowered than that of traditional one. Total reducing sugar contents in saccharified kochujang reached the maximum value at 50th day, and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the reducing sugar content in traditional kochujang was the highest at 30-day-aging. After 60 days of aging, the total contents of organic acids were 28.57 mg for P$\_$1/, 27.9 mg for P$\_$4/, 27.05 mg for P$\_$3/ 24.60 mg for P$\_$2/, and 22.30 mg for P$\_$0/. By sensory evaluation, saccharified kochujang prepared with Siru rice cake showed the highest sensory score in its appearance, flavor, texture, color, and taste.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Packaged Backsulgi cooked by steam/convection oven and then rapidly chilled was examined by research of microbiological test and sensory evaluation while storing them at the temperatures of 3$^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 0, 2, 4, 6, 10 days . The pH and reducing sugar content were seemed to change little at 3$^{\circ}C$. However the pH was rapidly reduced until 4 days and then decreased a little at 3$0^{\circ}C$, the reducing sugar content was inclosed little by little. In the microbiological test, any microbial growth in total aerobic, psychrophilic, anaerobic, spore forming bacteria, yeast and molds was not observed until 10 days at 3$^{\circ}C$, but microbial changes of aerobic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria increased to 6 logCFU/g until 10 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. However microbial changes of them decreased from 6 logCFU/g to 5 logCFU/g. As a result of the sensory evaluation, appearance, taste, color, softness, chewiness and overall Quality were significantly decreased during storage times(p<0.05), but scores of taste and overall quality on 6th days were 7.38${\pm}$1.06, 7.00${\pm}$0.93. Therefore we concluded that there was no problem about stability of storage 6 days at 3$^{\circ}C$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.92-94
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• 2004

Changes in reducing sugar and cell wall degrading enzymes during ripening of banana for 10 days were investigated. The amount of reducing sugar in bananas increased during storage at room temperature during the first 7 days, and decreased thereafter. However, starch content in banana decreased during ripening, and invertase and cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase, polygalacturonase and xylanase were most active after bananas were stored for 7 days at room temperature. When the bananas were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$, the magnitude of changes were much less than during room temperature storage.