• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-34
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• 2016

Product involvement is an important factor in consumer evaluation of co-branding. However, academic discussions over this factor have largely been neglected. This paper bridges this gap and investigates how product involvement moderates the strength of the reciprocal effect on each brand partner. We validate two theory-driven propositions by using a theoretical modeling approach. Proposition 1 explains that the negative reciprocal effect on partnering brands is stronger in the scenario of higher-involved categories than in lower-involved categories. Proposition 2 argues that the positive reciprocal effect on partnering brands can be more significant in the case of lower-involved categories than in higher-involved categories. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explore the influence of product involvement on reciprocal effects in the scenario of a moderately-incongruent co-branding alliance.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.34 no.3_4
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• pp.341-354
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• 2016

In this paper, the exact formulae for the generalized product degree distance, reciprocal product degree distance and product degree distance of tensor product of a connected graph and the complete multipartite graph with partite sets of sizes m₀, m₁, ⋯ , m_r−1 are obtained.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.180-186
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to find a correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and a the balance in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Eighteen patients performed an isokinetic leg press test consisting of a bilateral reciprocal and unilateral mode. Following the isokinetic leg press testing, subjects performed the balance test: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, and stability limit. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between the mean score of the isokinetic leg press test, balance test in both affected and non-affected side. Results: This study indicated a significant correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and stability limit. There were significant correlation between non-affected side bilateral leg press(NBL) and BBS (r=0.501), affected side bilateral leg press (ABL) and non-affected side stability limit(NS) (r=0.614), ABL and total stability limit (TS) (r=0.493), NBL and affected side stability limit(AS) (r=0.480), NBL and NS (r=0.560), NBL and TS (r=0.563), among the patients. Conclusion: Measurement of the lower extremity strength using the bilateral reciprocal leg press test can be used as an evaluating tool of the balance test.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.686-697
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• 2016

The present research investigates the reciprocal effects of a previous brand extension and follower brand extension's market performance on a parent brand of a follower brand's extension product using 2(previous brand extension's market performance: success vs. failure)${\times}$2(follower brand extension's market performance: success vs. failure) between-subjects factorial design. The verification of the hypothesis is composed through 2-way ANOVA. As a result, the consumers' evaluation of the parent brand of a follower brand's extension product when the follower brand's extension succeed was more positive when the previous brand's extension has failed. However, when the follower brand's extension has failed, the consumers' evaluation of the parent brand of a follower brand's extension product was more negative when the previous brand's extension has succeeded.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.291-295
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• 1985

The efficiency of photosensitization of methyl linoleate (ML) oxidation by N-acetyl-L-trypophan(NAT) and 3-methyl indole(scatole) was markedly enhanced by increased concentration of ML in ethanol solution. The fluorescence intensities of sensitizers were observed to be quenched by ML, indicating that ML interacts with the indole excited singlet state. The inhibition of photosensitization by azide demonstrated a possible role of singlet oxygen in the photosensitization. The steady state kinetic treatment of azide inhibition of photosensitization was expected to show linear increase of reciprocal yield of ML oxidation product vs. reciprocal ML concentration at constant azide concentration, but the actual slope was nonlinear. This indicates another competing reaction involved in the photosensitization, As a possible competing reaction, electron transfer from ML to the excited sensitizer was proposed, since the measured fluorescence quenching rate constant closely resembled electron transfer rate constant determined from ML concentration dependence of oxidation product formation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.558-566
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• 2020

New Product Development (NPD) is essential for companies' survival, and continuous growth in the rapidly changing, convergence and business environment, and companies need to collaborate with their internal and external partners to improve performance in NPD. This research examined the integrated relationship between NPD (Cross-functional collaboration, and supplier collaboration) and collaborative communication (formality and reciprocal feedback) on corporate performance. The employees who worked in manufacturing for more than one year with experience in NPD were tested. The reliability and feasibility were assessed using the sample 272 data. The results are summarized as follows. First, cross-functional collaboration and supplier collaboration, which are the factors of NPD collaboration, had a significant positive effect on formality. Second, formality and reciprocal feedback had a significant positive effect on reciprocal feedback and corporate performance. Therefore, for successful NPD, manufacturing companies need to establish efficient management strategies and communicate officially and reciprocally to maximize productivity and efficiency based on the reciprocal partnership between suppliers. To accomplish this, companies need to plan effective communication strategies to respond quickly to internal and external partners' needs.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.385-403
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• 2018

Fraction division can be categorized as partitive division, measurement division, and the inverse of a Cartesian product. In the contexts of quotitive division and the inverse of a Cartesian product, the multiply-by-the-reciprocal algorithm is drawn well out. In this study, I analyze the potential and significance of the method of using $1{\div}$(divisor) as an alternative way of developing the multiply-by-the-reciprocal algorithm in the context of quotitive division. The method of using $1{\div}$(divisor) in quotitive division has the following advantages. First, by this method we can draw the multiply-by-the-reciprocal algorithm keeping connection with the context of quotitive division. Second, as in other contexts, this method focuses on the multiplicative relationship between the divisor and 1. Third, as in other contexts, this method investigates the multiplicative relationship between the divisor and 1 by two kinds of reasoning that use either ${\frac{1}{the\;denominator\;of\;the\;divisor}}$ or the numerator of the divisor as a stepping stone. These advantages indicates the potential of this method in understanding the multiply-by-the-reciprocal algorithm as the common structure of fraction division. This method is based on the dual meaning of a fraction as a quantity and the composition of times which the current elementary mathematics textbook does not focus on. It is necessary to pay attention to how to form this basis when developing teaching materials for fraction division.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-113
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• 2006

This paper describes a comprehensive approach to examine how technological innovation contributes to the renewal of the firm's competences through its dynamic and reciprocal relationship with R&D and product commercialization. Three theories of technology and innovation (R&D and technological knowledge concept, product-process concept, technological interdependence concept) are used to relate technology and innovation to strategic management. Based on those theories, this paper attempts to identify dynamic relationship between product innovation and process innovation by system dynamics, by investigating the aspect of the dynamic changes of the closed feedback circulation structure in which R&D investments drive technological knowledge accumulation, and such knowledge accumulation actualizes product innovation and process innovation, subsequently resulting in the increase of productivity, customer satisfaction, profit generation, and re-investment on R&D from the created profits. This provides the ability to assess the advantages and disadvantages of different technological innovation strategies and commitments, and the opportunity to explore equilibrium point and suggest a generalized technological innovation model under different industry environment parameters and time-strategies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.983-991
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• 2013

For each real number $n$ > 6, we prove that there is a sequence $\{pk(n,z)\}^{\infty}_{k=1}$ of fourth degree self-reciprocal polynomials such that the zeros of $p_k(n,z)$ are all simple and real, and every $p_{k+1}(n,z)$ has the largest (in modulus) zero ${\alpha}{\beta}$ where ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ are the first and the second largest (in modulus) zeros of $p_k(n,z)$, respectively. One such sequence is given by $p_k(n,z)$ so that $$p_k(n,z)=z^4-q_{k-1}(n)z^3+(q_k(n)+2)z^2-q_{k-1}(n)z+1$$, where $q_0(n)=1$ and other $q_k(n)^{\prime}s$ are polynomials in n defined by the severely nonlinear recurrence $$4q_{2m-1}(n)=q^2_{2m-2}(n)-(4n+1)\prod_{j=0}^{m-2}\;q^2_{2j}(n),\\4q_{2m}(n)=q^2_{2m-1}(n)-(n-2)(n-6)\prod_{j=0}^{m-2}\;q^2_{2j+1}(n)$$ for $m{\geq}1$, with the usual empty product conventions, i.e., ${\prod}_{j=0}^{-1}\;b_j=1$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.134-148
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• 2008

Methods of delivering products to consumers do not act as less important factor than creative activities to create new product designs. Mobilizing various psychological elements based on human instinct and desire, fashion industry presents a product as an object of envy, gaining viewers' attention. Here, the viewer does not simply take the product as an object to view, but also imagine transformation it will bring. The study of the cause and effects of the interaction, which is found in the relationship between "the viewer" and "what is viewed" is an important factor that needs to be identified in the phase of creation as well as in the aspect of delivery. The relationship between the perceiver and what is perceived features in designs, product advertisements, related articles, and fashion shows in modern fashion, serving as a medium that enables the humans, who must inevitably exist between the two poles such as mind and body, the subject and the object, the ego and non-ego, and the reality and an ideal, to communicate between the poles. Humans cannot do arbitrary acts or make arbitrary selections only as they access to foreign things through instinct, desire, or experienced perception, and they are sometimes positioned passive by things. In the background, as there are human dual characteristics in which they are expressed as the ego and another ego who exists inside of the ego, they not only view an object, but also become an object to be viewed. Many products in modern fashion, as the objects of reciprocal transposition, grow giving illusions to humans. Having a desire for such objects is human's instinct and normal act to keep the life balanced between the reality and an ideal, which is based on the activation of reality function. Furthermore, freely acting rather than ignoring or overcoming the desire may be the act of retrieving one's ownership to the ego.