• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.248-257
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of dolasetron mesylate in controlling nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours and to extend these comparisons over the next 4 days in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Methods: This was a single center, open-labeled study with single arm. Dolasetron (1.8 mg/kg) was given intravenously (I.V.) prechemotherapy with 10 mg of dexamethasone IV, followed 24 hours later by oral dolasetron (200 mg once daily) for the subsequent 4 days. The frequency of vomiting, severity of nausea and the presence of rescue antiemetics were assessed daily. Results: Of 30 patients enrolled, 28 were eligible and evaluable for the efficacy. Four out of 28 patients had complete control of nausea and vomiting without any rescue antiemetics through 5 days. The complete control got better as time went by with the rates of 17.9/46.4/42.9/53.6/60.7% on days 1 to 5. Vomiting was better controlled than nausea in both cisplatin-containing and non-containing chemotherapy. The adverse events were mild to moderate degrees of headache, diarrhea and fever, but were recovered spontaneously. Conclusion: Dolasetron was effective and safe for the control of nausea and vomiting in the patients with moderately emetogenic chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study is to understand how community members perceive past life recollection and preparation for death. Methods: Using a questionnaire, we surveyed 160 adult residents of one of the districts (gu) in Seoul, Korea. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Participants chose their 30s and 40s as the most difficult time in their lives. The most painful experience was "an illness of a family member", followed by "trouble with a spouse", and "trouble with children". As for the most difficult social experience, "sense of loss in life" was ranked the highest. Personally, the happiest time was "accomplishment of a goal", while it was "happiness through children" in family relationship and "contribution to society through my career" in social life. As for the most regrettable experience, personally "having lived without purpose" was the highest, "not meeting my parents' expectation more" in family relationship; "not providing sufficient education" in relationship with children; "not having an occupation that I wanted" in work life, and "lack of social skills" in social life. More than 87% of the surveyed showed a positive attitude about the system of the do not resuscitate (DNS) order. For a situation where participants were supposed to have an incurable disease, "I want to be notified of the true condition" and "I want to write a will and advanced directives" ranked high, receiving more than 3.1 points out of 4. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the need for death education to provide people with an opportunity to accept their regrettable experiences in the past as part of their life. Also, this study suggests the importance of writing advanced directives for people to prepare for "death with dignity" how it can help their decision to be better respected.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate patients' preferences on receiving life-sustaining treatments (LST) and to analyze the relationship between patients' characteristics and LST selection. We also examined any discrepancy between LST patients' choices regarding medical intervention and actual medical intervention given/not given within 48 hours before death. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from March 1, 2008 to August 31, 2008 in the Palliative Care Unit of Korea University Hospital. Electric medical records (EMR) of 102 hospice cancer patients were reviewed, and 74 patients with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ${\geq}$10 at the time of signing the advance medical directives (AMD) were selected for the first analysis. Then, patients alive at the end of this study, transferred to other hospitals or dead within 48 hours were excluded, and the remaining 42 patients were selected for the second analysis. Results: Preferred LST included antibiotics, total parenteral nutrition, tube feeding, transfusion, and laboratory and imaging studies. The relationship between patients' characteristics and LST could not be analyzed due to skewed preferences. LST chosen at the time of signing the AMD and actual medical intervention given/not given in the last 48 hours showed discrepancy in most cases. Conclusion: When making AMD in hospice cancer patients, it is important to consider the time and possibility of changing the choices. Above all, patients must fully understand the AMD. Thus, LST should always be provided with careful consideration of all possibilities, because legal and social aspects of AMD have not been established yet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 2003

To measure the GPS position accuracy and its distribution according to the length of the baseline, 30 minutes to 24 hours observations at the fixed location were conducted with two GPS receivers (Ll, 12 channels) on May 29 to June 2, 2002. The GPS data received at the reference station, the rover station and the ordinary times GPS observation station operated by the National Geography Institute in Korea were processed in kinematic and static post-processing methods with a post -processing software. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The number of the satellite that could be observed continuously more than six hours was 16 and most of these satellites were positioned at east-west direction on May 31, 2002. The number of the satellite observed and the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) determined by the average of every 10 minute for the day were 8 and 3.89, respectively. 2. Both the average GPS positions before and after post-processing were shifted (standalone: 1.17 m, post -processing: 0.43m) to the south and west. The twice distance root mean square (2drms) measured with standalone was 6.65m. The 2drms could be reduced to 33.8% (standard deviation 0=17.2) and 5.3% (0=2.2) of standalone by the kinematic and the static post-processing methods, respectively. 3. The relationship between the length of the baseline x (km) and the 2drms y (m) obtained by the static post-processing method was y=0.00l6x+0.006 $(R^2=0.87)$. In the case of the positioning with the static post-processing method using the GPS receiver, it was found that a positioning within 20cm 2drms was possible when the length of the baseline was less than 100km and the receiving time of the GPS is more than 30 minutes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.30
• /
• pp.177-194
• /
• 1995

The following conclusions were obtained after bibliographic investigation on the therapy of lung cancer by western, oriental, and integrated oriental and western medicine. 1. Lung cancer is classified into small cell lung cancer(SCLC) or non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in the treatment by western medicine, and applied with the means of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone or combined, depending on the stage and the symptom. 2. Treatment by oriental medicine includes the means of strengthening body resistance to dispel pathogenic factors(扶正祛邪), combined approach of reinforcement and expulsion(攻補兼施), and reinforcing both qi and blood(氣血雙補), depending on the initial, middle, and terminal stage. And also treatment based on differentiation of symptom(辨證施治) is applied according to the type of symptom; deficiency of qi of both lung and spleen(肺脾氣虛), heat symptom of lung by deficiency of yin(肺熱陰虛), stagnation of damp-phlegm and blood(濕痰瘀阻), stagnation of qi and blood(氣血瘀滯), deficiency of both qi and yin(氣陰兩虛). Single or combined herb drug is used according to the symptom. 3. Treatment by integrated oriental and western medicine improved survival rate and quality of life. It promoted recovery and improved survival rate in the patients receiving surgery. Integrated radiotherapy and oriental medicine treatment reduced adverse effect by radiotherapy and improved therapeutic effect and survival rate. Integrated chemotherapy with oriental medicine treatment reduced side effect by chemotherapy and improved quality of life and survival rate. These results suggest that therapy of lung cancer should be applied with integrated oriental and western medicine from diagnosis to treatment for promoting therapeutic effect. And further study on this therapy should be ensued.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 1999

A feasibility study was performed to examine the agronomic application of treated sewage on paddy rice culture by field experiment. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland system which was in subsurface flow type and consisted of sand and macrophyte. The effluent of the wetland system was adjusted to maintain the total nitrogen concentration below $25mgL^{-1}$ and used for irrigation water. Four treatments include (1) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with conventional fertilization (TWCF), (2) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted with half of the conventional fertilization (TWHF), (3) irrigation of treated sewage after concentration adjusted without fertilization (TWNF), and (4) irrigation of treated sewage as it was without fertilization (SWNF). These cases were compared to the control case of tap water irrigation with conventional fertilization (Control). Generally, addition of the treated sewage to the irrigation water showed no adverse affect on paddy rice culture, and even improvement was noticed in both growth and yields. TWCF showed the best result and the yields exceed the Control in about 10%. Overall performance of the treatments was TWCF, Control, TWHF, TWNF, and SWNF in decreasing order. From this study, it appears that reuse of treated sewage as a supplemental irrigation water could be feasible and practical alternative for ultimate sewage disposal which often causes water quality problem to the receiving water body. For full scale application, further study is recommended on the specific guidelines of major water quality components and public health.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2004

This study attempted to survey the present status of the eight students who, 17 years from now, had participated in a special program for 170 days preparing for early entrance to the KAIST. With six students who responded to the questionnaire previously sent, the study focused on each participant's achievement at present, his evaluation on Accelerated Education, his personal opinions on early entrance to university and Gifted Science Education. From the survey, we could find out that three participants had received a doctorate and they are currently working as researchers at research center or professors at university. The other three participants are working as researchers at research center after receiving the M. S. Academic achievements vary according to each participant, but three of them, who ranked high in research achievement, had their articles published in international journals of the SCI level even when they were between 25 and 28 of age. Two of them in particular showed outstanding engineering and developing the commercial modem for IMT 2000 for the first time in Korea. One participant entered Harvard University to major in physics and afterwards studied the law in UCLA. He is now a professor in the law department. Concerning the evaluations on Accelerated Education and early entrance system, four participants answered positively while two participants expressed negative attitudes. When asked their opinions on the Gifted Education in Korea, such problems were pointed out as too much pressure of entering the first-class universities, the tendency to avoid choosing science-related major at universities, the lack of education system that encourages creative thinking, etc. It is necessary that the accelerated education play an important role to maximize their hidden potentials. It remains to be seen in what places these six participants will find themselves and of what ideas they will come up within the next 17 years. It will be worthwhile to wait until then for another survey.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.125-149
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the current status of elementary school teachers' perception of gifted education. For this purpose, this study wi1l analyze elementary school teachers' perception of the gifted education (i.e., general perception of gifted education, characteristics of gifted children, identification of gifted children, programs for gifted education, and teachers of gifted education). A questionnaire survey was used for the purpose and research questions of this study. The questionnaire used in this study was constructed by taking into account the results of surveys conducted in previous studies and the literature on gifted education. Before conducting the research, a preliminary inquiry was made to identify problems that may occur while the subjects were participating in the survey, as well as to determine the appropriateness of the questionnaire and the amount of time needed. The preliminary inquiry was conducted with ten randomly selected elementary school teachers who did not participate as subjects in the actual research. The results were later used as initial data for the actual research. The subjects of this study were teachers who were teaching in8 elementary schools under each office of education in Seoul. This process was conducted for 180 elementary school teachers from April to May 2004. The results were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) Ver. 10.1, a software program for statistical research. After the data were analyzed, the following conclusions were arrived at: 1. The result of the genera1 perception of gifted education by elementary school teachers were positive and reasonably high. The level of their perception of detailed information or knowledge, however, was relatively low. 2. As for their perceptions of the emotional characteristics of gifted children, t11e results showed a low level of understanding of the characteristics of gifted children. 3. As for their perceptions of identification of gifted children, the results showed a high level of understanding of the appropriate time to provide special education to gifted children and of the methods to identify such. On the other hand, their understanding of the identification of gifted children in an actual class was poor. 4. The respondents' level of perceptions of programs for gifted education was very low since many subjects did not have any experiences with such programs. 5. The results showed a very positive response to receiving training on gifted education, though they were very reluctant to be assigned as teachers of gifted education because of the excessive work that is associated with such and their lack of capability in handling gifted children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.252-259
• /
• 2011

To identify the effects of the application of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) technique in combination with the other two factors of body mass Index (BMI) and tube potential on radiation dose in cardiac CT. The patient receiving operation the cardiac CT examination was divided four groups into according to kVp.[A group(n=20), Non-ASIR, BMI < 25, 100 kVp; B group(n=20), Non-ASIR, BMI > 25, 120 kVp; C group(n=20), 40% ASIR BMI < 25, 100 kVp; D group(n=20), 40% ASIR, BMI > 25, 120 kVp] After setting up the region of interest in the main artery central part and right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery, the CT number was measured and an average and standard deviation were analyzed. There were A group and the difference which the image noise notes statistically between C. And A group was high so that the noise could note than C group (group A, 494 ${\pm}$ 32 HU; group C, 482 ${\pm}$ 48 HU: P<0.05) In addition, there were B group and the difference noted statistically between D. And B group was high so that the noise could note than D group (group B, 510 ${\pm}$ 45 HU; group D, 480 ${\pm}$ 82 HU: P<0.05). In the qualitative analysis of an image, there was no difference (p>0.05) which a group, B group, C group, and D as to average, A group 4.13${\pm}$0.2, B group 4.18${\pm}$0.1, and C group 4.1${\pm}$0.2 and D group note statistically altogether with 4.15${\pm}$0.1 as a result of making the clinical evaluation according to the coronary artery segments. And the inappropriate image was shown to the diagnosis in all groups. As to the radiation dose, a group 8.6${\pm}$0.9 and B group 14.9${\pm}$0.4 and C group 5.8${\pm}$0.5 and D group are 10.1${\pm}$0.6 mSv.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 1998

This study enrolled one thousand five hundred twenty one clients that were receiving home care services at five health centers and a home care services center in the city of Taejon from November 17 through December 7, 1997. The purpose of this study was to analyze satisfaction levels, general characteristics and efficacies, of the client served home care. The main results were as follows; The age group of most of the subjects was 70-79 years: 76.9% of them were female and 87.3% were over 65 years. In education variables, over 90% of the clients were below primary school. In marital status variables, 63.4% of them had no spouse, 57.5% of them were widows and widowers. In living arrangement variables, alone(35.8%) was the most. In insurance status variables, medical aid(69.9%) was the most. In household income variables, below 000 won(72.6%) was the most. In hospitalization variables, 53% of the clients had no hospitalization. The satisfaction level of home care service of male and female was similar. The older the age, the higher the satisfaction level. The satisfaction level of the group having religion was higher than the group having no religion and the Christianity group had the highest satisfaction level(p<0.001). In education variables, the over high school group was the highest satisfaction level(p<0.01). In living arrangement variables, the other (sisters or neighbors etc.) group indicated the highest satisfaction level(p<0.001). In insurance status variables, the other group(except for medical aid) was the highest satisfaction level(p<0.001). In household income variables, below 390,000 won was the highest satisfaction level(p<0.001). In hospitalization variables, 'over 4 times' group indicated the highest satisfaction level (p<0.01). Home care took place more in health centers than in home care services center. In frequency of home care per month three times was the most. In opinion of home care frequency per month 82.8% of the people answered 'proper'. A lot of present illness was neuralgia, arthritis, digestive disease, hypertension & CVA. In contents of home care services variables, education & counselling was the most and medication was second. In duration of illness variables, over 10 years was the most. In place of treatment before home care service variables, hospital(57%) was the most. In illness condition after home care variables, 'moderate' was the most and 'much better'(85.5%) was second. In help of home care variables, 'much help'(71.5%) was the most and 'moderate'(28.1%) was second. In contents of counselling variables, treatment method of illness was the most. Home care services center indicated higher level of satisfaction than health center(p<0.001). In opinion of home care frequency per month variables, 'less' was the highest satisfaction level (p<0.001). In duration of illness variables, below one year was the highest and over 10 years was second(p<0.001). In place of treatment before home care service variables, health center was the highest (p<0.001). In illness condition after home care variables 'much better' was the highest and 'worse' was second (p<0.001). I n help of home care variables, 'much help' was the highest (p<0.001). In contents of counselling variables, cause of illness was the highest(p<0.001). According to the 14 items which consisted of 3 point scales the total level of satisfaction of home care service was very high, with total mean score 36. According to the above results, most clients taking home care services are satisfied. However, organization and a fund are required to support high quality home care services to those who need them. Furthermore, a follow-up survey should be accomplished to evaluate the status of clients.