• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

Self-spreading (SSP) is a spread spectrum technique where the spreading sequence is generated from data bits. Although SSP allows communications with low probability of interception by unintended receivers, despreading by the intended receiver is prone to error propagation. In this paper, we propose both a new transmitter and a new receiver based on SSP with the aim to a) reduce error propagation and b) increase the concealment of the transmission. We first describe a new technique for the generation of SSP spreading sequence, which generalizes SSPs of existing literature. We include also coding at the transmitter, in order to further reduce the effects of error propagation at the receiver. For the receiver, we propose a turbo architecture based on the exchange of information between a soft despreader and a soft-input soft-output decoder. We design the despreader in order to fully exploit the information provided by the decoder. Lastly, we propose a chip decoder that extracts the information on data bits contained in the spreading sequence from the received signal. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with existing spread-spectrum systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2019

Electronic warfare systems are needed to be advantageous in the modern war. Many radar threat signals with various frequency spectrums and complicated techniques exist. For detecting the threats, a receiver with wide and narrow-band digital processing is needed. To process a wide-band searching mode, a polyphase filter bank has become the architecture of choice to efficiently detect threats. A polyphase N-path filter aligns the re-sampled time series in each path, and a discrete Fourier transform aligns phase and separates the sub-channel baseband aliases. Multiple threats and CW are detected or rejected when the signals are received in different sub-channels. And also, to process a narrow-band precision mode, a direct down converter is needed to reduce aliasing by using a decimation filter. These digital logics are designed in a FPGA. This paper shows how to design and develop a wide and narrow-band digital receiver that is capable to detect the threats.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

In the conventional rake receiver structure for the IS-95 CDMA system, each finger has its own time-deskew buffer or FIFO that aligns the multipath signals to the same timing reference in order to combine symbols. This architecture is not a burden to the rake receiver design mainly because of the small number and size of the buffers. However, the number and size of the buffers are significantly increased in the cdma2000 system which adopts multiple carriers and the small spreading gain for a higher rate in data services. In order to decrease the number of buffers, we propose a new model of the time-deskew buffers, which combines the symbols as well as realigns them at the same time. Our architecture reduces the hardware complexity of the buffers by about more than 60% and 70% compared with the conventional one when we consider each rake receiver has three and four independent fingers, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is very useful not only to the cdma2000 rake receiver but also to the receiver with many fingers in order to increase the BER performance.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.48-67
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• 2002

Basic introduction to direct conversion architecture was given in comparison with heterodyne one. Principal difficulties in implementation of direct conversion receiver were presented, current state of research in this field and classified, on the basis of extensive analysis of published materials.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.98-115
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• 1997

The architecture of the CDMA mobile system (CMS) is developed based on three function groups - service resource, service control, and service management groups. In this paper, the CMS architecture is discussed from the point of view of implementing these functions. The variable length packets are used for transmission. The synchronization clock signals are derived form the GPS receiver. The open loop and closed loop techniques are used for the power control. The internationally accepted signaling and network protocols are employed. The call control for the primary services in designed to provide efficient mobile telecommunication services. The softer handoff is implemented in one card. The mobile assisted handoff and the network assisted handoff are employed in the soft and hard handoffs. The authentication is based on the secret data which includes random numbers. The management functions, which include the location management, resource management, cell boundary management and OAM management, are implemented to warrant the system efficiency, maximum capacity and high reliability. The architecture ensures that the CMS is flexible and expandable to provide subscribers with economic and efficient system configuration. The dynamic power control, adaptive channel allocation. and dynamic cell boundary management are recommended for future work.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2022

In this paper, we overview the system development status of the national maritime precise point positioning-real-time kinematic (PPP-RTK) service in Korea, also known as the Precise POsitioning and INTegrity monitoring (POINT) system. The development of the POINT service began in 2020, and the open service is scheduled to start in 2025. The architecture of the POINT system is composed of three provider-side facilities-a reference station, monitoring station, and central control station-and one user-side receiver platform. Here, we propose the detailed functionality of each component considering unidirectional broadcasting of augmentation data. To meet the centimeter-level user positioning accuracy in maritime coverage, new reference stations were installed. Each reference station operates with a dual receiver and dual antenna to reduce the risk of malfunctioning, which can deteriorate the availability of the POINT service. The initial experimental results of a testbed from corrections generated from the testbed network, including newly installed reference stations, are presented. The results show that the horizontal and vertical accuracies satisfy 2.63 cm and 5.77 cm, respectively. For the purpose of (near) real-time broadcasting of POINT correction data, we designed a correction message format including satellite orbit, satellite clock, satellite signal bias, ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, and coordinate transformation parameters. The (near) real-time experimental setup utilizing (near) real-time processing of testbed network data and the designed message format are proposed for future testing and verification of the system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2010

In this paper, a FM radio receiver integrated circuit has been developed based on $0.5{\mu}m$ CMOS process for Zero-Crossing FM demodulator over the 88MHz to 108MHz band. The receiver is designed with the low-IF architecture, and includes Low Noise Amplifier(LNA), Down-Conversion Mixer, Phase Locked Loop(PLL), IF LPF, and a comparator. The measured results of the LNA and Mixer show that the conversion gain of 23.2 dB, the input PldB of -14 dBm, and the noise figure of 15 dB. The measured analog block of the LPF and comparator show the voltage gain of over 89 dB, and the IF LPF can configure the passband from 600KHz to 1.3MHz with 100KHz step through the internal control register banks. The designed FM radio receiver operates at 4.5V with the total current consumption of 15.3mA, so the total power consumption is about 68.85mW. The commercial FM radio has been successfully received.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.265-277
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• 2008

In spite of previous common assumptions about the incompatibility of public key cryptography (PKC) schemes with wireless sensor networks (WSNs), recent works have shown that they can be utilized for such networks in some manner. The major challenge of employing a PKC-based scheme in a wireless sensor network is posed by the resource limitations of the tiny sensors. Considering this sensor feature, in this paper we propose an efficient PKC-based security architecture with relatively lower resource requirements than those of previously proposed PKC schemes for WSN. In addition, our scheme aims to provide robust security in the network. Our security architecture comprises two basic components; a key handshaking scheme based on simple, linear operations and the derivation of a decryption key by a receiver node. Our architecture enables node-to-base-station and node-to-node secure communications. Analysis and simulation results show that our proposed architecture ensures a good level of security for network communications, and can be effectively implemented with the limited computational, memory, and energy budgets of current-generation sensor nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2024

Development of electronic warfare(EW) software has become increasingly challenging due to stricter regulations, shorter development cycles, and increased reliability testing. Consequently, software development often proceeds without proper architecture design, which can lead to missing critical quality requirements and potential system redesigns. In this study, we propose using Attribute-Driven Design(ADD) 3.0 to design software architecture specifically tailored for EW systems, enabling a more systematic approach to address quality requirements. The paper presents an overview of EW software and ADD 3.0 methodology, followed by an analysis of the architecture design results using static and dynamic views. The paper concludes by discussing the effectiveness of the proposed architecture design.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

This paper proposes a group key management protocol for a secure of all the multcast user in PIM-SM multicast group communication. Each subgroup manager gives a secure key to it's own transmitter and the transmitter compress the data with it's own secure key from the subgroup manager, Before the transmitter send the data to receiver, the transmitter prepares to encrypt a user's service by sending a encryption key to the receiver though the secure channel. after checking the user's validity through the secure channel, As the transmitter sending a data after then, the architecture is designed that the receiver will decode the received data with the transmitter's group key, Therefore, transmission time is shortened because there is no need to data translation by the group key on data sending and the data transmition is possible without new key distribution at path change to shortest path of the router characteristic.