• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

In general, other conventional researches propose the fuzzy Petri net-based fuzzy reasoning algorithms based on the exhaustive search algorithms. If it can allow the certainty factors representing in the fuzzy production rules to use as the heuristic information, then it can allow the reasoning of rule-based systems to perform fuzzy reasoning in more effective manner. This paper presents a fuzzy Petri net(FPN) model to represent the fuzzy production rules of a rule-based system. Based on the fuzzy Petri net model, a weighted fuzzy reasoning algorithm is proposed to Perform the fuzzy reasoning automatically, This algorithm is more effective and more intelligent reasoning than other reasoning methods because it can perform fuzzy reasoning using the certainty factors which are provided by domain experts as heuristic information

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

There are three reasoning method in fault diagnosis process. The shallow reasoning is based on the experiential knowledge and deep reasoning is based on physical model. Hybrid reasoning is mixing two type reasoning. This study describes about fault train embodiment of screw type air compressor that is used widely in industrial facilities by using various experimental method and shallow reasoning. We investigate macroscopic failure cause of air compressor through naked eye observation and then microscopic failure cause by various experimental method. We composed fault train with fault knowledge based on empirical data and scientific data that is acquired through several experiments. It is possible to analysis system reliability and failure rate with these fault train.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2005

유연성과 광범위성을 갖는 대규모 인지 시스템의 구축을 위해서는 전문적인 지식 뿐 아니라 상식수준의 지식에 기초한 추론을 제공하는 필수 불가결하다. 본 논문에서는 정성적 추론을 이용하여 일상에서의 다양한 자연 현상에 대한 상식 추론을 제공하는 인지시스템에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 기존의 정성적 추론은 다양한 일상의 개념과는 동떨어진 추상적인 개념에 기초하여 추론을 전개하여, 상식 추론에 이용되기에는 어려움이 있었다 본 연구에서는 기존의 정성적 추론을 범용의 대용량 Cyc 지식베이스에 접목하여, 스케치와 일상의 개념에 기초한 상식 추론을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 시스템은 구현되어 여러 예제에 적용되어 그 실효성을 입증할 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

This study explores how elementary school students construct food pyramid prediction models using scientific reasoning. Thirty small groups of sixth-grade students in the Kyoungki province (n=138) participated in this study; each small group constructed a food pyramid prediction model based on scientific reasoning, utilizing prior knowledge on topics such as biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, food webs, and food pyramid concepts. To understand the scientific reasoning applied by the students during the modeling process, three forms of qualitative data were collected and analyzed: each small group's discourse, their representation, and the researcher's field notes. Based on this data, the researcher categorized the students' model patterns into three categories and identified how the students used scientific reasoning in their model patterns. The study found that the model patterns consisted of the population number variation model, the biological and abiotic factors change model, and the equilibrium model. In the population number variation model, students used phenomenon-based reasoning and relation-based reasoning to predict variations in the number of producers and consumers. In the biotic and abiotic factors change model, students used relation-based reasoning to predict the effects on producers and consumers as well as on decomposers and abiotic factors. In the equilibrium model, students predicted that "the food pyramid would reach equilibrium," using relation-based reasoning and model-based reasoning. This study demonstrates that elementary school students can systematically elaborate on complicated ecology concepts using scientific reasoning and modeling processes.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.667-680
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 과학 수업 시간에 비례, 보존, 변인 통제, 확률, 상관, 조합 논리 활동을 강화한 탐구 교수 전략을 개발하고 이를 적용함으로써 그 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 논리적 사고력 강화 모형인 MCP(M: 동기 유발단계, C: 갈등 유발 단계, P: 문제 해결 단계)모형을 개발하였으며 이를 탐구 과정에 적용하여 논리적 사고력을 강화한 탐구 교수 모형을 개발하였다. 이 후 중학교 1학년 과학 교과서 내용에 있는 논리 사고 요소를 추출한 후에 이 논리 사고 요소들을 MCP 모형으로 변형하여 중학교 1학년용 탐구 과학 교수 전략들을 개발하였다. 대부분 구체적 조작 수준이거나 과도기 수준인 중학교 1학년 학생들을 대상으로 개발한 교수 전략을 2011년 5월부터 12월까지 60차시 동안 실시한 후 이 교수 전략이 논리적 사고력에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 그 결과 논리적 사고력은 유의미하게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 특히 보존 논리, 변인 통제 논리, 조합 논리가 유의미하게 신장된 것으로 나타난 반면 비례 논리, 확률 논리, 상관 논리는 유의미한 향상이 없었다(p<.05). 이러한 교수 전략에 따른 논리적 사고력은 학생들의 인지 수준의 영향을 받고 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다(p<.05).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.291-318
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• 2002

We investigated on the primary school children's abilities of formal reasoning. Seventy students in grade 5 participated in the study. They responsed their best reactions on the problems constituted of three parts requiring the informal or formal reasoning and generalization. Their reactions are classified by some criteria depending the level of reasoning. About 10 students showed that they constructed a kind of scheme for solving the problems, similar to formal reasoning and beyond naive informal reasoning. And about 30 students did so partially. We concluded that the teaching and learning of reasoning by the progressive increasing the degree of rigor from grade 5 is possible.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2003

The 120 participants of this study were 5- and 9-year-old children and their mothers. Children responded to 24 prosocial moral reasoning dilemmas and 8 prosocial decision-making tasks. Mothers' prosocial moral reasoning was assessed with questionnaires. Level of moral reasoning was higher in distant than in close relationships. 5-year-olds in preoperational stage used the complex situational cues in their reasoning, and prosocial moral reasoning of 9-year-olds was positively related to mothers' prosocial moral reasoning in the situation with conditions of distant relationship, low costs, and internal responsibility. Children made more helping decisions in close than in distant relationship situations, low rather than high cost situations, and external rather than internal responsibility situations. 5-year-olds whose mothers were high in level of prosocial moral reasoning were more helpful.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2011

규칙베이스 추론과 사례베이스 추론의 협조에 의해 보다 유연한 추론을 위한 효율적인 방법의 실현이 기대된다. 본 논문에서는 MVL 오토마타 모델을 적용하여 규칙베이스와 사례 베이스의 통합 추론모델과 이에 따른 불확실성 처리 방법을 제안한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to examine on reasoning and search for construction of diagnosis ontology as a knowledge base of diagnosis expert system in oriental medicine. Expert system is a field of artificial intelligence. It is a system to acquire information with diverse reasoning methods after putting expert's knowledge in computer systematically. A typical model of expert system consists of knowledge base and reasoning & explanatory structure offering conclusion with the knowledge. To apply ontology as knowledge base to expert system practically, consideration on reasoning and search should be together. Therefore, this study compared and examined reasoning, search with diagnosis process in oriental medicine. Reasoning is divided into Rule-based reasoning and Case-based reasoning. The former is divided into Forward chaining and Backward chaining. Because of characteristics of diagnosis, sometimes Forward chaining or backward chaining are required. Therefore, there are a lot of cases that Hybrid chaining is effective. Case-based reasoning is a method to settle a problem in the present by comparing with the past cases. Therefore, it is suitable to diagnosis fields with abundant cases. Search is sorted into Breadth-first search, Depth-first search and Best-first search, which have respectively merits and demerits. To construct diagnosis ontology to be applied to practical expert system, reasoning and search to reflect diagnosis process and characteristics should be considered.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2009

Proportional reasoning is one of the most widely used concepts in everyday life. It could be the most important basic concept in science and mathematics. In research where the subjects were animals, it has been found that learning effect rapidly decreased with any stimulation given after a optimalperiod. Therefore, it is necessary to research about optimal periods in order to instruct about proportional reasoning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal periods in proportional reasoning. The three programs for proportional reasoning instruction were developed by researchers. The titles of the programs were 'Block', 'Balance scale' and 'Water glass'. The subjects were 131 3$^{rd}$ to 6$^{th}$ grade students who were not expected to have any proportional reasoning skills yet. In order to find out the optimal periods in proportional reasoning, the programs were applied to these students. After 4-5 weeks of treatment, the researchers investigated whether their proportional reasoning skills were formed or not through the instrument. The results indicated that it would be most effective to teach proportional reasoning to 6$^{th}$ grade students. Teaching of proportional reasoning is essential not only for mathematics but also for science. The findings could be used to investigate the optimal periods of controlling variables, probability, combinational and correlational logic.