• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.471-481
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• 2011

Clove has been frequently used as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic drug and remedies for stomachache by coldness. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from Clove was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation. Anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic effects of Clove extracts were studied ex vivo methods by mesuring the inhibitory effect on thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the fibrinolytic activity. The Clove extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation in vitro. Moreover Clove extracts were exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity. In conclusion, the Clove extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro and ex vivo system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2017

This study was intended to test anti-inflammation and cytoprotective effect against UVB after Sorghum nervosum was extracted with 70% ethanol. The efficacy of Sorghum nervosum was assessed regarding cell viability analysis, reactive oxygen species measurement, anti-inflammation, a change in COX-2 protein, and cytoprotective effect against UVB. According to the results of experiment, the cell viability of 97% or higher was shown at all concentrations of Sorghum nervosum in RAW264.7 macrophage, HaCaT cell. And in anti-inflammatory NO inhibitory activity, a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was shown. And COX-2 protein expression was also significantly (p<.001) inhibited at 25, $50{\mu}g/mL$. With regard to cytoprotective effect against UVB, in the quantitative analysis results of reactive oxygen species within the cell, it was verified that Sorghum nervosum extract had an effect on an decrease in the total amount of ROS. When the results of study are considered comprehensively, it is thought that there is possibility of Sorghum nervosum development as raw materials for cosmetics showing an anti-inflammation and cytoprotective function against UVB.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.280-293
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• 2011

There is currently increased interest in the identification of antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Plants produce significant amounts of antioxidants to prevent the oxidative stress caused by photons and oxygen, therefore they represent a potential source of new compounds with antioxidant activity. FARFARE FLOS has been frequently used on the respiratory system including bronchitis, phthisis. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from FF was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on Cu2+-induced human LDL oxidation. The FF extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. And this study was designed to evaluate whether FFEA may ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory status through the antioxidative mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FFEA significantly reduced LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the FF extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to be contributory factors in complications of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the generation of superoxide, the lipid peroxide level measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, the vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta and the iNOS expression in kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, ascorbate (400 mg/kg rat weight daily in drinking water), diabetic (single dose of 50 mg of STZ/kg i.p.) and diabetic simultaneously fed with ascorbate for 12 wk. Rats in groups were studied at tri-weekly intervals (0 to 12 wk). Diabetic rats were evaluated periodically with changes of plasma glucose levels and body weight. The ascorbate supplimentation attenuated the development of hyperglycemia and weight loss induced by STZ injection in rats. In the present experimental condition, the ascorbate supplimentation had no significant effect on plasma glucose levels and changes in body weight of normal rate. The superoxide generation, formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and iNOS expression in kidney were significantly increased in STZ-treated rats that were decreased by ascorbate supplimentation. The ascorbate supplimentation had no effect on vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aorta. These results indicate that ascorbate supplimentation may exert an inhibitory effect on STZ-induced oxidative tissue damage through protection of pancreatic islet cells by scavanging reactive oxygen species. The ascorbate supplimentation may possibly attenuate the renal complication of diabetes mellitus.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

Water extracts, ethanol extracts, and juice of Cusuta japonica, C, australis, and C. chinensis were prepared, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activitiy and melanin biosynthesis were estimated by using melanoma Clone M-3. From this study; the following conclusions were attained. Extracts of Cuscuta japonica, C. australis, and C. chinensis showed noticeable cytotoxicity except ethanol extracts from the stem of C. australis. A maximual cytotoxicity was observed with tile ethanol extract from the seed of C, australis (87.39%). While the ethanol extract from the seed of C. japonica (91.88%) showed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis, the water extract from the stem of C. japonica (1.05%) possessed very little inhibitory effect. The most inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed with the water extract from the stem of C. australis (76.67%). Howeverr the water extract from the stem of C. japonica showed a very poor effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity All the preparations, except extracts from the seed of C. australis were able to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The juice of C. japonica demonstrated the strongest activity (59.02%).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupt the cellular redox balance, exert cytotoxic effects, and consequently promote the development of various diseases in humans. Previous studies have reported that antioxidants counteract the adverse effects of ROS. Several studies examine the whitening effects of various agents based on their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase is a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, which protects the skin against radiation. Various agents exhibiting antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities have been synthesized. However, these synthetic drugs are associated with toxicity, decreased safety, and poor skin penetration in vivo, which has limited the clinical application of synthetic drugs. This study examined the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some microalgae. The methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts of four microalgal species (Tetraselmis tetrathele, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Platymonas sp., and Chaetoceros simplex) were prepared. The physiological and whitening effects of microalgal extracts were investigated by measuring the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The ethyl acetate extract of D. tertiolecta exhibited the highest antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Future studies must focus on examining the whitening effects of microalgae on cell lines to facilitate the development of microalga-based therapeutics for skin diseases, functional health foods, and whitening agents. Thus, microalgae have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Isoeugenol, one of the phenylpropanoid derivatives has been known to inhibit the lipid peroxidation via scavenging effect on hydroxyl or superoxide radical production. We examined whether isoeugenol has a inhibitory effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-, oxygen/glucose deprivation- and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(X/XO)-induced neurotoxicity or NMDA-induced $^{45}Ca^{+2}$ uptake elevation in primary mouse vertical cultures. We also evaluated whether isoeugenol exhibits inhibitory action on NMDA-induced convulsion in mice. Isoeugenol ($30{\sim}300{\mu}M$) attenuated NMDA- and X/XO-induced neurotoxicity by 11~85% and 83~92%, respectively. In the oxyge/glucose deprivation(60 min)-induced neurotoxicity, isoeugenol significantly(p<0.05) reduced by 32% at the maximal concentration. However, it failed to ameliorate NMDA-induced $^{45}Ca^{+2}$ uptake elevation. Isoeugenol(0.5g/kg, i.p.) delayed 6.5 times on the onset time of convulsion evoked by NMDA($0.1{\mu}g$) compared to that of control. These results suggest that the neuroprotective action of isoeugenol may be ascribed to the modulation of massive generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) occurred during the ischemic or excitotoxic damage, not by directly affecting the NMDA receptor.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2020

Sesamin, a lipid-soluble lignin originally isolated from sesame seeds, which induces cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy. In the present study, has been reported that sesamin induces apoptosis via several pathways in human lung cancer cells. However, whether mitophagy is involved in sesamin induced lung cancer cell apotosis remains unclear. This study, the anticancer activity of sesamin in lung cancer was studied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy. A549 cells were treated with sesamin, and cell viability, migration ability, and cell cycle were assessed using the CCK8 assay, scratch-wound test, and flow cytometry, respectively. ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometric detection of DCFH-DA fluorescence and by using JC-1 and TUNEL assays. The results indicated that sesamin treatment inhibited the cell viability and migration ability of A549 cells and induced G₀/G₁ phase arrest. Furthermore, sesamin induced an increase in ROS levels, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis accompanied by an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Additionally, sesamin triggered mitophagy and increased the expression of PINK1 and translocation of Parkin from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. However, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine clearly reduced the oxidative stress and mitophagy induced by sesamin. Furthermore, we found that cyclosporine A (an inhibitor of mitophagy) decreased the inhibitory effect of sesamin on A549 cell viability. Collectively, our data indicate that sesamin exerts lethal effects on lung cancer cells through the induction of ROS-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.183.2-184
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• 2003

Zinc is known to have an inhibitory effect on apoptosis and an antioxidative effect scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress. We studied the influence of zinc on cadmium-induced apoptosis especially associated with ROS in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. For the determination of appropriate experimental concentration and time, we excecuted MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and DNA fragmentation assay. (omitted)