• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 1990

A 6${\times}$4 top-cross set was made from the ten silkworm parental lines selected by the first principal component scores. They were also analysed for the relationship between the combining ability and the first principal component score. The highest general combining ability effects were detected in the parental lines of Japanese, N39 and chinese, C46, for the most quantitative characters in the study. The first principal component score of factors related to silk productivity in the parents was significantly and positively correlated to the general combining ability of the twelve characters such as cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percentage, duration of the 5th instar larvae, total larval period, length of a bave, weight of a have, non-breaking length of a bave, non-breaking weight of a have, raw silk percentage, and neatness. Similarity distance (D$^2$) was related to the specific combining ability of the characters such as cocoon yield, non-breaking length of a bave, non-breaking weight of a have, non-breaking ratio of a bave, raw silk percentage, neatness. From the results, it is possible to predict the general combining ability effects by the principal component scores for the 12 characters of the parents related to silk productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.145-154
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• 2002

1. The blended tabby whose warp and weft each employs a different kind of thread had been weaved since the era of the Three Kingdoms in this nation and since the period of Han in China. Especially in the 15th century. very finely weaved fabrics as the specialty of Chosun were exported to China. In the 16th century. blended tabby weaved with silk and cotton were often used for clothes as cotton was produced around the nation. And in the 17th century. blended tabby employing high quality Chinese raw silk other than existing ones were weaved. 2. It has been found in literature review that Honpo, one of Chosun's blended tabby. was manufactured mainly in Hamkyung, Cholla and Kyungsang provinces and mostly distributed through markets of Chungchong and Cholla provinces. 3. Out of the total 19 fabric pieces. 13 employed silk thread as the warp and cotton thread as the weft. Compared with the weft. in general. the warp is given more tension when weaved and more friction by spindles, being more likely to be twisted than the weft. In addition to starching, a stronger thread is requested as the warp. It is natural that in the Chosun period, silk thread more stronger than cotton thread was used as the warp to make more durable fabrics. For the weft requiring lots of threads when weaved. cotton thread was mainly used in the 17th century because the thread could be easily obtained at that time. 4. So far the study has made an empirical review of Chosun's blended tabby. especially those of the 15th∼17th century, in terms of their production and distribution. Findings from the study have some limit because they have been made focusing on the 15th∼17th century not the whole period of Chosun. Therefore it is needed to complement those findings through further studies.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 1999

An improvement of methods in fibroin hydrolysates preparat significantly enlarges their applications to practical use. Acidic hydrolysis by hydrohloric acid is one of the methods for silk fibroin depolymeriza6tion. A low yield of final product and long time of the process are the demerits of this method. Possibility of preparation of water-soluble silk hydrolysates with more yield and less expenses is investigated in this study. Such possibility is occurred with the increasing tratment temperature and simultaneously decreasing treatment time, concentration of hydrochoric acid respectively, the concentration of sodium hydroxide used for neutraliza6tion of hydolysates after hydrolysis. Colour is decreased in this case and a small amount of activated, too. Protection of hydrolysates against precipitation after neutraliza6tion, and separation and during concentrating process is the other merit of this method. Creamy-coloured insoluble silk powder is the remainder of hydrolyzed fibroin. This is the only the immobiliza6tion of enzymes and other physiological active substances. Fine particles of this powder can be used as additives for artificial diets and cultural media, as well as raw materials for polymer membranes, etc.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1987

This investigation was carried cut to obtain the reeling water conditions in Korea. The analyzed items of water were pH, colority, turbidity, acidity, alkalinity, solids electric conductibity hardness and heavy metal ions. About 40% of the reeling water were found to be agreeable, 30% were acceptable provided with some quality control and the others were out of acceptable range mainly based on the M-alkalinity, acidity, pH and total hardness. It was found that there was a following relationship between total hardness and electric conductibity with the relative correlation coefficient r=0.9145. y=15.967+0.22774x Where x, y are electric conductivity and total hardness respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.710-713
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• 2017

This study evaluates the ability of corn silk (Zea mays L.) extract to function as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic therapeutic agent. The anti-inflammatory effects of corn silk were evaluated by measuring the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$. Anti-atopic effects were assessed by measuring the repression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). These results indicated that NICS-1 (corn silk ethanol extract) and NICS-3 (high maysin corn silk ethanol extract) functioned as anti-inflammatory agents by down-regulating LPS-induced NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. Additionally, two extracts showed weak repression of TARC expression levels in tumor necrosis factor TNF-${\alpha}$ plus IFN-${\gamma}$ induced HaCaT cells, respectively. These results suggest that corn silk extracts have anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic activities, and thus have the potential to reduce and alleviate the symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.417-423
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• 2005

In order to investigate effects of dyeing conditions on the dyeing characteristics in silk during natural dyeing using indigo plants , various dyeing conditions including the temperature of dyeing solution, dyeing period, the concentration and pH of dyeing solution and mordants were treated. As the temperature of dyeing solution decreases low, the color of silk surface showed lower b value. The color of silk surface showed G line when the dyeing solution was $-5^{\circ}C$ and room temperature and GY line at more than $40^{\circ}C$. Coloring degree increased high as the temperature increases. Dyeing period showed no effect on the surface color, but as dyeing period was longer the coloring degree increased. When the concentration of dyeing solution was $1\~4\%$, the silk was colored to BG line and $5\%$ to B line. The coloring degree increased as the concentration of dyeing solution more increased. The pH of dyeing solution sensitively affected coloring of silk. The pH lower than 7 showed G line, pH 8 showed GY line and pH 9 showed YR line. Coloring degree decreased as pH was more increases. Surface color of silk was different according to the kinds of natural mordants and coloring degree was increased by the natural mordants.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-234
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• 2014

Fabrics, natural dyed fabrics, papers, natural dyed papers and paints were examined effects of colors and mechanical properties for materials of museum collections under anoxic treatment. Anoxic conditions using nitrogen and argon were oxygen concentration 0.01%, temperature($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$), 50% RH and exposure time 30 days. Examined fabrics were raw silk fabric, UV irradiated raw silk fabric, degummed silk fabric, UV irradiated degummed silk fabric, cotton fabric, and UV irradiated cotton fabric. Natural dyed silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with fresh indigo, indigo, safflower, gromwell, madder sappanwood, amur cork tree, turmeric, gardenia, barberry root, pagoda tree flower, cochineal, lac, alnus japonica, gallnut, chestnut shell, and combination(indigo and safflower, indigo and amur cork tree, indigo and pagoda tree flower, indigo and sappanwood). Papers were Korean papers(mulberry paper, mulberry(70%) and rice straw(30%) mixed paper), Japanese paper(gampi paper), cotton paper, refined linen paper, cotton, linen & manila mixed fibre furnish, copy paper, news print, and alum sized mulberry paper. Natural dyed papers were dyed with indigo, sappanwood, madder, safflower, gardenia, amur cork tree, and pagoda tree flower. Paints were painted on alum-sized papers and silk fabrics using glue and pigments(azurite, malachite, cinnabar, vermilion, orpiment, gamboge, red lead, haematite, iron oxide red, indigo(lake), lac, cochineal, safflower, madder root lake, celadonite, smalt, ultramarine blue, lapis lazuli, prussian blue, kaolin, lead white, oyster-shell white, and clam-shell white). The color differences(${\Delta}E^*$) of all examined materials were below 1.5 or lowered than control samples after anoxic treatment. The variations of tenacity of yarns of fabrics and natural dyed fabrics after anoxic treatment were within that of standard silk and cotton fabrics. Gases(nitrogen and argon) and temperatures of anoxic treatment did not also affected color differences and variations of tenacity of materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2004

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1971

This experiment was conducted to know the effects of abnormal cocoons on the silk quality during the silk reeling process. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The length, the width, the weight, the layer weight, and the layer ratio of abnormal cocoons are in every case 0.83∼4.65% less than those of normal cocoons. 2. The thickness of the abnormal cocoon layer is at)out 20.62∼22.4% less than that of the normal cocoon. 3. The sericin solubility of tile abnormal cocoon layer is about 11.75∼30% more than that of the normal cocoon layer. 4. The degumming ratio of the abnormal cocoon layer is about 6.51∼9.32% more than that of the normal cocoon layer. 5. The length of a have, the weight of a tave and percentage of raw silk yield of the abnormal cocoon are decreased 9.43%, 8.53% and 6.72% each as compared with those of the normal cocoon. 6. The percentage of reelability of abnormal cocoons is decreased 9.58％ as compared with that of normal cocoons. 7. The neatness of abnormal cocoons is 3 per cent lower than that of normal cocoons. 8. In the cleanness test of abnormal cocoons, the number of split ends i9 about 1.5∼3.8 times as much as that of normal cocoons. Especially cleanness of abnormal cocoons is 16,3 per cent lower than that of normal cocoons. 9. The number of non-reelable cocoons of abnormal cocoons is increased 1.4∼5.5 times as much as that of normal cocoons. In abnormal cocoon, the number of knot which resulted in the breaking of silk end is increased 1.9∼3.5 times as much as that in normal cocoon.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2013

Three new Multi ${\times}$ Bi combinations M.Con.4 ${\times}$ (SK6 ${\times}$ SK7), M.Con.4 ${\times}$ NB4D2 and Nistari ${\times}$ (SK6 ${\times}$ SK7) were studied in five seasons i.e. during the period of $18^{th}$ June - $12^{th}$ July, $30^{th}$ August - $23^{rd}$ September, $3^{rd}$ November - $2^{nd}$ December, $29^{th}$ January- $2^{nd}$ March and $30^{th}$ March-$25^{th}$ April with one control Nistari ${\times}$ NB4D2 considering nine reeling characteristics along with shell percent and cocoon yield per 100 disease free layings (DFLs) to establish the seasonal effect on all the parameters. Results reveal that all the characters performed well in November-December. Highest yield per 100 DFLs was recorded during November-December in all combinations showing >60 kg yield. Higher correlation of yield/100 DFLs with filament length, non-breakable filament length, denier, raw silk percent, reelability percent and recovery percent was recorded in all combinations of Multi ${\times}$ Bi considered in this study. Variability observed among four combinations indicates the effect of different temperature and humidity of different seasons on expression of different traits. The results indicate that there is significant relationship of raw silk percent with reelability percent, recovery percent and evenness. Reelability percent showed higher correlation with recovery percent. It was observed that neatness was positively correlated with evenness. The overall performance of the newly evolved combinations with regard to productivity and reeling characteristics is discussed emphasizing their utilization at commercial level.