• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1276-1279
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• 1996

Reclaimer in the raw material yard is being used to dig iron and coal so that they transfer to main blast furnace. A newly automatic system was developed and tested in the raw yard of Kwangyang iron making. The concept of the proposed system is based on the 3-dimensional detection of pile and auto-landing on the surface it.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.738-747
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• 2021

This study attempted to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced as a direct smelting method restoration experiment for each raw material of iron. To this end, four hammer scale groups were set up, respectively, by experimenting with Gyeongju-Gampo Iron sand and Yangyang Iron ore. For the analysis, principal component analysis, compound analysis, microstructure observation, and chemical composition were confirmed. As a result of principal component analysis, as forging and refining progressed, the content of Fe increased and the content of non-metallic objects decreased. As a result of compound analysis, iron oxide-based compounds were identified. As a result of confirming microstructure and chemical composition, Wüstite and Fayalite were observed overall, and agglomerated Wüstite were observed in some. Magnetite on shape of polygon and pillar was observed. In addition, it was confirmed that internal defects, impurities, and non-metallic interventions gradually decreased. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced through restoration experiments using various raw material of iron, and compare them with those excavated from Iron manufacture ruins.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2004

The effect of bonding condition on tensile properties of joints diffusion bonded spheroidal graphite cast iron, FCD60 to Cr-Mo steel, SCM 440 was investigated. Diffusion bonding was performed with various temperatures, holding times, pressures and atmospheres. All tensile specimens were fractured at the bonding interface. The tensile strength and elongation was increased with increasing bonding temperature. Especially, tensile strength of joints bonded at 1123K was higher than that of a raw material, FCD60, and tensile strength of joints bonded at 1173K was equal to that of a raw material, SCM440, but elongation of all joints was lower than those of raw materials. There was little the effect of holding time on the tensile properties. In comparison with bonding atmosphere, the difference of tensile strength was not observed, but elongation of joint bonded at vacuum(6.7mPa and 67mPa) was higher than that of Ar gas. Higher the degee of vacuum, elongation increased. Tensile properties of diffusion bonds depended on microstructures of cast iron at the interface and void ratio. Microstructures of cast iron at interface changed with temperature, because decarburizing and interdiffusion at the interface occurs and transformation of austenite-1 ferrite + graphite occurs on the cooling process. The void ratio decreased with increasing temperature, especially, effected on the elongation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to identify the sources of benzene detected in airborne of casting workplace where benzene was not used as raw material. We have identified benzene by GC/FID and GC/MSD. In this pilot test, small size iron chamber(diameter 30 cm, height 20 cm) was used. As the raw materials, new sand, recovered sand, and mixed casting sand(new sand + solidifying agent + organic resin + coating material) was tested, respectively. In the new sand benzene was not detected, but in the recovered sand and the mixed casting sand was detected. Xylenesulfonic acid(solidifying agent), one of the mixed casting sand ingredients was thought to product benzene by thermal decomposition above $400^{\circ}$..., but the other raw materials(organic resin and coating material) were thought not to product benzene. In this experiment, the most of benzene by thermal decomposition was produced within 1 hour after pouring the iron solution($1560^{\circ}$...) in small size iron chamber. When the mixed casting sand with coating material was used, the concentration of the produced benzene was average 2.91 ppm(range 1.98~3.72 ppm), and without coating material, benzene concentration was average 0.11 ppm(range 0.08~0.14 ppm).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

In steel making plant, sampling system for raw material such as iron ore, limestone is necessary for quality control purpose. For the sake of efficiency and productivity, automation of the sampling system is highly desirable. From technical standpoint, the development of the automated system requires multi-disciplinary domain knowledge such as mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, information technology and computer engineering. Up to present time, the development has been mainly carried out by a single domain expert with project manager. The automated system developed in this way caused problems in the final system. This paper suggests a systems engineering approach to the development of automation for raw material sampling plant via a tailored process called Plant Systems Engineering (PSE) Process based on ISO/IEC 15288. Through the PSE process, we could derive right requirements and architecture of the Systems Of Interest (SOI), and we were convinced that the PSE Process can be applied to many other Plant Systems.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.497-507
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• 2008

This study identified and quantified the hidden flows for steel and iron production in Korea using MIPS (Material Input per Service) methodology. In order to estimate the input orientated impact on the environment caused by the manufacture or services of a product, MIPS indicates the quantity of resources used for this product or service. In 2005, 71 million tons of raw materials were used to produce $17.6 million of added value and 4.8 thousand tons of finished steel. The amount of natural resources extracted from natural environments for the purpose of steel production was 245 million tons of TMR(Total Material Requirement), 1524 million tons of water, and 34 million tons of air. The material intensities for steel production by natural inputs (raw materials and energy) was 4.3 ton/ton of TMR, 28 ton/ton of water, and 0.5 ton/ton of air.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.273-276
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• 2006

At an integrated steel mill, various raw material such as coal and iron ore are unloaded from a large ship. The unloaded raw material is then transported to storage yards through a complex belt conveyer network. We propose an optimization model for scheduling the unloading operations under the limitations of available berths, unloading equipments and transportation capacity of the belt conveyer network. We show that the problem is NP-Hard and propose a heuristic approach to the problem.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2011

In this study, the redox state of iron in sodium silicate glasses was varied by changing the melting conditions, such as the melting temperature and particle size of iron oxide. The oxidation states of the iron ion were determined by wet chemical analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy methods. Iron commonly exists as an equilibrium mixture of ferrous ions, $Fe^{2+}$, and ferric ions $Fe^{3+}$. In this study, sodium silicate glasses containing nanoparticles of iron oxide (0.5% mol) were prepared at various temperatures. Increase of temperature led to the transformation of ferric ions to ferrous ions, and the intensity of the ferrous peak in 1050 nm increased. Nanoparticle iron oxide caused fewer ferrous ions to be formed and the $\frac{Fe^{2+}}{Fe^{3+}}$ equilibrium ratio compared to that with micro-oxide iron powder was lower.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.22-27
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• 2000

Iron oxide produced form the pickling process at the cold rolling mill in iron & steelmaking industry, use for raw material of electronic an colorant product. Recently, decreasing of the chlorine content in iron oxide is demanded at the market. In this study, under the field test of the spray roaster and the screw conveyer for dechlorination, the experiments of the chlorine content in iron oxide were investigated. From the results of experiment, the chlorine content in iron oxide can be reduced to 1,100 ppm from the spray roaster and, 383 ppm from the screw conveyer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2010

Magnetic separation is expected to be applied for material refinement as an important supporting technology. In the superconducting magnetic separation, the cohesive force between particles is strong compared with that in the other magnetic separation. The use of high magnetic field by the superconducting magnet enhances the magnetic substance capture ability of the magnetic separation. Industrial raw materials was used for the superconducting magnetic separation. Cry-cooled, NB-Ti superconducting magnet with. 100 mm room temperature bore and 600 mm of height was used for magnetic separator.