• 제목/요약/키워드: Raw Meats

검색결과 100건 처리시간 0.031초

Cholestrol Content and Formation of Oxidized Cholesterols in Processed Squids

  • Hong, Jeung-Hoon;Ryu, Hong-soo;Kim, Heung-Bae
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.196-202
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    • 1996
  • The effect of cooking(boiling, steaming and baking0and drying on the cholesterol content and formation of oxidized cholesterols in quid(Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus) was studied. Cholesterol content of live squid meat varied with the portion sampled, and results from spectrophotometric assay ranged from 263.2mg/1..g(mantle) to 315.8mg/100g(tentacle). The cholesterol levels analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) for squid samples were lower by 7% of total cholesterol for live squid meat and 24% for processed meat than those results by spectrophotometric assay. Cooking resulted in the decrease of the initial total cholesterol content of raw meat from 10%(boiling for 5min.) to 25%(steaming for 5min.) The amounts of cholesterol remaining after baking were 68% for microwave oven samples and 64% for convection oven samples. Drying of raw tissue caused the greater reduction in cholesterol content than cooking but showed no significant difference in samples stored for 6 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$. Raw squid meats contained essentially no oxidized cholesterols, while the 22-hydroxychoesterol was detected in frozen meats. The additional oxidized cholesterols as cholestane-triol was indentified with 22-hydroxycholesterols in cooked samples. Sun dried meat stored at 4一 and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks had the three kinds of oxidized cholesterols such as 22-hydroxycholesterol, cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one and cholestane-triol.

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Lipid Oxidation in Red and Poultry Meats

  • Rhee Choi, Ki-Soon
    • 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국축산식품학회 2003년도 제31차 춘계 학술대회
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2003
  • Lipid oxidation is one of the most important non-microbial causes of meat quality deterioration. However, there have been different/conflicting views concerning the primary catalysts of lipid oxidation in meat. This presentation provides brief overviews of lipid oxidation mechanism in general and catalysis of lipid oxidation in meat, and then focuses on inter-species differences in lipid oxidation potential, using results from our studies on meats (beef, pork and chicken) at retail and the respective meats of uniform postmortem history. The inter-species differences have highlighted the relative roles of meat pigment (myoglobin) content, catalase activity, and the concentration of oxidation substrates (particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids) in determining the lipid oxidation potential of raw meat versus cooked meat.

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가열조건에 따른 오징어 Cholesterol과 Cholesterol oxidative products(COPs)의 함량변화에 관한 연구 (Cholesterol Content and Formation of Cholesterol oxidative products(COPs) in Processed Squids)

  • 안덕준;홍정훈
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.465-472
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    • 2002
  • The effect of cooking(boiling, steaming and baking) and drying on the cholesterol content and formation of oxidized cholesterols and acid value in squid(Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus) was studied. Cholesterol content of live squid meat varied with the portion sampled. The data from spectophotometric assay ranged from 263.2 mg/100g(mantle) to 315.8 mg/100g(tentacle). The cholesterol levels found for squid samples analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) were lower by 7% of total cholesterol for live squid meat and 24% for processed meat than those results by spectrophotometric assay. Cooking resulted some decrease in the initial total cholesterol content of raw meat from 10%(boiling for 5 min.) to 25%(steaming for 5 min.). The amounts of cholesterol remaining after baking were 68% for microwave oven samples and 64% for convection oven samples. Drying of raw tissue caused the greater reduction in cholesterol content than cooking but brought about no significant difference in samples stored for 6 weeks at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Raw squid meats contained essentially no oxidized cholesterols, while the 22-hydroxychoesterol was detected in frozen meats. The additional oxidized cholesterols as cholestane-triol was indentified with 22-hydroxycholesterol in cooked samples. Sun dried meat stored at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks had the three kinds of oxidized cholesterols such as 22-hydroxycholesterol, cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one and cholestane-triol. For the boiled and steamed squids, 10% higher acid value and 5% higher acid value respectively were observed but oven cooked samples resulted in a 50% higher acid value than raw samples. Squids had a 45% higher acid value than raw one during sundrying and presrevation at $20^{\circ}C$ but there was not a severe difference of acid value between $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ stored samples.

Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Listeria Species in Turkey Meats

  • Aras, Zeki;Ardic, Mustafa
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.669-673
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    • 2015
  • The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of Listeria species in turkey meats and to check the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains. Hundred and fifteen raw turkey meat samples were randomly collected from the supermarkets, butchers and restaurants. Strain isolation and identification were made according to the ISO11290-1 method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the standard disc diffusion method. A total of 47 Listeria spp. were isolated from 115 (40.9%) raw turkey meat samples. The isolates were distributed between L. monocytogenes (25.53%), L. innocua (34.04%), L. grayi (31.91%) and L. welshimeri (8.51%). A total of 55.3 % of Listeria spp. isolates were multi-resistant to at least 3 of the antimicrobial agent tested. The level of multi-resistance was higher in L. monocytogenes strains (66.7%) than in L. innocua (62.5%) and L. grayi (53.3%). Listeria spp. isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, penicillin, meticillin, oxacillin, and trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole. The isolates particularly L. monocytogenes are increasingly resistant to one or more antibiotics and may represent a potential risk for public health because these antibiotics are common used in treatment of listeriosis. The correct and controlled use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine is important to the emergence of resistant strains.

해동육과 신선육으로 제조한 훈연 오리 가슴육의 품질 특성 (Quality property of the smoked breast meat produced with fresh and frozen-thawed duck meat)

  • 이해림;구본진;최송이;성상현;박정훈;이철우;조철훈;정사무엘
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the quality properties of smoked breast meats produced by fresh and frozen-thawed duck meat. Each thirty breast meats from fresh and frozen-thawed duck carcass was used for this study. The yield of smoked breast meat was measured right after curing and smoking of raw duck breast meat. And, the number of total aerobic bacteria, color, texture, and sensory property of vacuum-packaged smoked breast meats were evaluated during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. No significant difference was found in yield between smoked breast meats produced by fresh and thawed duck meats (p>0.05). The number of total aerobic bacteria and color of smoked breast meat produced by thawed duck meat were not significantly different compared with those by fresh one throughout storage period (p>0.05). The all texture properties were not significantly different between smoked breast meats produced by fresh and thawed duck meats by 14 days of storage (p>0.05). However, on day 21 and 28, the hardness and gumminess of smoked breast meat produced by fresh duck meat were significantly higher than those by thawed one (p<0.05). In sensorial property, smoked breast meat produced by thawed duck meat received significantly high scores in color, juiciness, and tenderness on days 0, 14, and 28 and in flavor and overall acceptance on days 0 and 14 compared with those by fresh one (p<0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the use of thawed duck meat for producing smoked duck meat product may be not worse than the use of fresh duck meat in quality of smoked duck meat product. In addition, the use of thawed duck meat may be better in sensorial quality of smoked duck meat product than that of fresh one.

국내에서 유통되는 8종의 식육감별을 위한 multiplex PCR법 개발 (Development of Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Eight Species from Meats in Korea)

  • 허은정;고은경;윤향진;김연화;김영조;박현정;위성환;문진산
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.28-35
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 국내 대표 식육인 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리의 4종 식육과 염소, 양, 말, 칠면조의 4종 식육을 동시에 신속하게 감별할 수 있는 2 set의 multiplex PCR법을 개발하고자 미토콘드리아 16S RNA에서 종 특이부위를 선발하고 각 종에 대한 특이도를 높이기 위하여 인위적인 미스매치를 주어 프라이머를 제작한 후 8종 식육의 274개 시료를 대상으로 특이도와 민감도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리 모든 시료에서 각각 279, 94, 192, 477 bp의 증폭산물이, 말, 양, 염소, 칠면조의 모든 시료에서 각각 152 bp, 271 bp, 670 bp, 469 bp에서 뚜렷한 PCR 유전자 산물이 확인되어 모든 축종에서 100%의 특이도를 나타내어 축종별 감별력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 8종의 축종별로 DNA를 $10ng/{\mu}l$으로 정량한 후 혼합물을 10배씩 단계 희석하여 반응여부를 조사한 결과, 소, 돼지, 오리에서는 100 fg까지, 닭에서는 1 pg까지 검출됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리고기를 99.9%, 99%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%의 비율로 혼합한 식육과 $83^{\circ}C$ 20분, $100^{\circ}C$ 30분, $121^{\circ}C$ 10분에서 각각 열처리한 가열 혼합육에 대하여 검출한계를 조사한 결과 마지막 단계의 희석 비율인 모든 혼합육의 0.1%에서 검출이 가능하였으며, 열처리 혼합육에서는 닭에서는 1% 농도에서 소와 돼지의 혼합육에서 0.1% 농도에서 검출되어 민감도가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 multiplex PCR법은 특이도 및 민감도에 있어서 국내 대표 식육을 감별하는데 있어서 유용한 것으로 평가된다.

시판 축산물 및 수산물에서 Enterococcus faecalis와 Enterococcus faecium 분포 및 항생제 감수성에 관한 연구 (Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Beef, Pork, Chicken and Sashimi)

  • 성창현;천정환;곽효선;김현숙;서건호
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.133-138
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 서울시내 256곳의 판매점에서 구입한 축산물 및 수산물에서 Enterococcus faecalis 와 Enterococcus facium을 분리하였으며 분리된 균주의 항생제 내성양상과 vancomycin 내성 유전자 보유여부를 검증하였다. 총 256개 시료 중 117개에서 E. faecalis(40.6%)와 E. faecium(5.1%)가 검출되어 45.7%의 분리율을 나타내었다. 축산물은 192개 중 105개 균주가 분리되어 54.7%의 분리율을 나타내었는데 닭고기에서 가장 높은 68.8%의 분리율을, 돼지고기에서 50.0%의 분리율을, 쇠고기에서 45.3%의 분리율을 나타내었다. 횟감어류에서는 18.8%의 분리율을 나타내었다. 분리된 균주에 대한 항생제 내성 양상은 10종의 항생제 디스크를 이용하여 검증하였다. Tetracycline의 내성률이 52.1%로 가장 높았으며, erythromycin의 내성률이 27.4%로 두 번째로 높게 나타났다. Ampicillin과 penicillin는 1개의 균주를 제외하고는 모두 감수성을 보였으며, amoxicillin & clavulanic acid에는 모든 균주가 감수성을 보였다. Vancomycin에는 모든 균주가 감수성을 보여 VRE는 검출되지 않았다. 분리된 균주의 vancomycin 내성유전자의 검출은 multiplex PCR을 이용하여 vanA gene과 vanB gene 보유여부를 확인하였다. vanA gene이 검출된 균주는 없었으나, vancomycin에 감수성을 나타내던 9개의 균주에서 vanB gene이 검출되어 VRE균 출현의 잠재적인 가능성을 보여주었다.

냉장 온도에서 생육, 습식숙성육, 건식숙성육의 저장 안전성 (Storage Stability of Raw Beef, Dry-Aging Beef, and Wet-Aging Beef at Refrigeration Temperature)

  • 안설빈;황선혜;조용선
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2020
  • 생육, 습식 숙성육, 건식 숙성육을 종류별 3종을 구입하여 냉장 상태로 보관하면서 pH, 휘발성 염기질소(VBN), 미생물 정량, 우점균을 분석하였다. 초기 생육, 건식 숙성육의 중온균은 3.3-3.9 Log CFU/g, 습식 숙성육은 경우 5.4 Log CFU/g 이였으나, 냉장으로 18일 보관 후 생육과 건식 숙성육에 존재하는 중온균은 6.1-6.4 Log CFU/g로 증가하였다. 습식 숙성육의 경우 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)는 냉장 보관시 4.5-6.0 Log CFU/g으로 나타났으나, 건식숙성육에서는 검출되지 않았다. 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 중온균, 저온균, LAB, 효모 및 곰팡이 수가 증가하였으나, 식품매개 병원성 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 식육의 오염 및 부패 판단은 7 Log CFU/g 이상으로 규정하고 있어 본 연구 결과에 의하면 12일 이상 냉장 보관하였을 경우 6-7 Log CFU/g으로 기준을 초과하였다. 이 때 VBN이 평균 15 mg%으로 부패의 초기 단계로 판단 할 수 있었다. 냉장 보관에 따른 우점 미생물은 다양한 양상으로 나타냈다. 생육에서는 초기 우점균으로 S. saprophyticus가 분석되었으나, VBN이 증가함에 따라 Carnobacterium divergens가 우점하는 양상을 나타냈다. 습식 숙성육에서 Carnobacterium divergens가 냉장보관 초기에 우점 미생물로 분석되었으나, 이후 Lactobacillus sakei가 우점균으로 분석되었다. 건식 숙성육의 경우 Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis가 냉장보관 초기에 우점하였으나 이후 Pseudomonas fragi가 우점균으로 변화하였다. 부패의 초기 단계에서 특정 박테리아의 역할 외에도 부패, 향기 분석 및 숙성 육류의 성분 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하여 숙성 육류의 안전한 유통 및 보관에 활용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

2007년 한국에서 판매된 식육의 미생물 오염도 평가 (Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Raw Meats Sold in Korea, 2007)

  • 이도경;황재웅;양환진;장석;백은혜;김미진;김정현;이상진;하남주
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.313-320
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 인간의 건강과 식품의 오염을 예방하기 위한 유용한 자료를 얻기 위하여 육류(소고기, 닭고기, 돼지고기)로부터 분리된 staphylococci를 가지고 한국에서 광범위하게 사용되는 6가지 항생제와 daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline과 같은 4가지의 신항생제에 대한 항생제 감수성 시험을 수행하였다. 이에 더하여 육류의 세균 오염실태를 조사하기 위하여 총 세균수와 대장균수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 147개의 육류 샘플 중 48%의 샘플에서 일반세균수의 기준에 부적합한 결과가 나타났으며, 대장균수에 대해서는 31%의 샘플에서 기준에 부적합한 결과가 나타났다. 또한 육류의 91%에서 stapylococci가 검출되었으며 이들 staphylococci는 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS)와 S. aureus로 동정되었다. 분리된 staphylococci의 5.4%가 methicillin (oxacillin)에 내성을 나타내었고, 특히 mupirocin ($MIC_{90},\;>\;12\;{\mu}g/mL$) gentamicin ($MIC_{90},\;64\;{\mu}g/mL$)에 높은 내성을 나타내었다. 그러나 신항생제에 대해서는 methicillin 내성 staphylococci를 포함한 모든 staphylococci 분리균주가 높은 감수성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과들은 육류가 소비자들의 건강에 중요한 위험요소로 작용할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat in the Republic of Korea

  • Koh, Youngho;Bae, Yunyoung;Lee, Yu-Si;Kang, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Soon Han
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제32권10호
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    • pp.1307-1314
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    • 2022
  • In this study, we sought to investigate the various characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from raw chicken meats available in Korean markets. The data collected, such as food source of isolation, sampling information, serotype, virulence, and genetic profile including sequence type, were registered in the database for further comparative analysis of the strains isolated from the traceback investigation samples. To characterize serotype, virulence and gene sequences, we examined 113 domestically distributed chicken meat samples for contamination with Salmonella spp. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 24 strains (21.2%) of Salmonella isolated from 113 commercially available chicken meats and by-products, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Serotyping of the isolated Salmonella spp. revealed S. Enteritidis in 11 strains (45.8%), S. Virchow in 6 strains (25%), S. Montevideo in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bsilla in 2 strains (8.3%), S. Bareilly in 1 strain (4.2%), S. Dessau in 1 strain (4.2%), and S. Albany in 1 strain (4.2%). The genetic correlation indicated that 24 isolated strains were classified into 18 clusters with a genetic similarity of 64.4-100% between them. Eleven isolated S. Enteritidis strains were classified into 9 genotypes with a sequence identity of 74.4%, whereas the most distantly related S. Virchow was divided into five genotypes with 85.9% identity. Here, the MLST analysis indicated that the major Sequence Type (ST) of the Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic chicken sold in Chungcheong Province belongs to the ST 11 and 16, which differs from the genotype of Salmonella isolated from imported chicken. The differential sequence characteristics can be a genetic marker for identifying causative bacteria for epidemiological investigations of food poisoning.