• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.309-317
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• 2021

This study was designed to examine the cell cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity for raw material of Beta vulagaris tea. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay using RAW 264.7 cells, and investigated production levels of reactive oxide speies, and inflammatory meditors(i.e., nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a results, DPPH and ABTS raidcal scavenging activity were increased in a dose-dependent manner, and confirmed no cytotoxicity in all concentration. Also, it was significantly decreased level of ROS, NO, IL-6, and TNF-a in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore these results suggest Beta vulagaris has considerable potential as a raw material of leached tea with safe anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.815-820
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• 2008

Macrophage is the important cell for the immune system. Many of herbal drugs were searched about their immune-modulating activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological effect of water extract from ARTEMISIAE ARGI FOLIUM (WAAF) on mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. ARTEMISIAE ARGI FOLIUM was known to have the antibacterial, immune-enhancing, and anticoagulative properties. Cytotoxicity of WAAF was verified by MTT assay. The intracellular production of hydro peroxide ($H_2O_2$) by WAAF was examined. The productions of nitric oxide (NO) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from Raw 264.7 cell by WAAF were also examined. WAAF showed no cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells for 3 hours. WAAF increased the production of $H_2O_2$ in Raw 264.7 cells. WAAF decrease the production of NO from the cells at low concentrations but increased at high concentrations. WAAF increased the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ from the cells. Therefore, It could be suggested that WAAF has the immune-modulating effect.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

The hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the water fractionated portion of hawthorn fruit on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cellular model. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production in the water fraction and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with an ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the water fraction and LPS was measured with an MTT assay. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA were analyzed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The water fraction of hawthorn fruit was determined to be safe and significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the down-regulation of COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of oyster shell extract on the production of pro-inflammatory factors [NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-${\alpha}$] in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay, showed that oyster shell extract had no significant cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with oyster shell extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, such as SOD, catalase, GSH-px in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Oyster shell extract significantly suppressed the production of NO and also decreased the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$. Additionally, oyster shell extract significantly inhibited the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Thus, these results showed that the oyster shell extract had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

Objectives : The fresh young leaves and dried fruits of Zanthoxylum piperitum (Korean name: Chopi) are used as diuretics, stomachies, anthelmintic and for the treatments of disorders of the digestive organ in Asia. We investigated inhibitory effects of Zanthoxylum piperitum extract on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ from RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Methods : After methanol extract of Zanthoxylum Fructus (Zanthoxylum extract) was pretreated in RAW264.7 cells, the cells were stimulated with LPS. Cell toxicity of Zanthoxylum extract was assayed bv MTT assay. The production of NO from the cells was measured in culture medium by Griess reaction. The production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1 \;{\beta}$ from the cells was measured in culture medium by ELISA. Results : Zanthoxylum Fructus extract greatly inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion : This result suggests that Zanthoxylum extract may have an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of Sapindus mukorossi fruit extracts (SME) on the anti-oxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SME significantly reduced the production of ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including COX-2 and iNOS were also obviously inhibited by SME in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further studies revealed that SME up-regulated HO-1 and Nrf2 expression. Additionally, SME increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. These results suggest that SME could attenuate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.78-90
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Clematidis Radix extract(CB) on osteoclast differentiation and gene expression. The osteocastogenesis and gene expression were determined in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell. Methods: RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell with Clematidis Radix extract was stained by TRAP which is expressive marker of osteoclast. The gene expression of RANK, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS and Cathepsin, those are factors related to bone resorption, was estimated by using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Clematidis Radix extract decreased the number of TRAP-positive multi nuclei cell, and decreased the gene expression of RANK, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS and Cathepsin K in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell. Conclusion: It is concluded that Clematidis Radix extract might decrease the bone resorption resulted from decrease of osteoclast differentiation and it's related gene expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang acupuncture solution (EJ) on nitric oxide (NO) and of hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Cell viability was measured by modified MTT assay. NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Significant differences were examined by using a Student's t-test. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. EJ did not show cell toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells for 24 hr incubation at the concentrations of up to $200\;{\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. EJ significantly inhibited NO production for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 3. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 4. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of hydrogen peroxide for 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, and 72 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EJ has an anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition of NO and hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Cheongajihwang-Tang (CT) has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cytotoxic activity of CT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reagent system. The total phenolic contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of CT. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production. Results Cheongajihwang-Tang does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration. CT showed anti-oxidative effects in vitro by decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and ROS expression in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. CT inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner. Conclusions CT has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicate that CT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2014

The effect of various levels of proteins, sulfates, and molecular weight ($M_w$) of a sulfated-glycoprotein ($NF_3$) from a sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus, on nitric oxide (NO) releasing capacity from RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The $NF_3$ derivatives had various amounts of proteins (4.8~11.2%) and sulfates (6.8~25.2%) as well as different $M_w$ ($640.3{\times}10^3{\sim}109.2{\times}10^3g/mol$). $NF_3$ was able to stimulate RAW 264.7 cells to release NO with lower protein contents, indicating that the protein moiety was not an important factor to stimulate macrophages. On the other hand, the NO inducing capacity was significantly reduced with decreased levels of sulfates and $M_w$, implying that sulfates and $M_w$ played a pivotal role in activating RAW 264.7 cells. It was not clear why sulfates and a certain range of $M_w$ were essential for stimulating macrophages. It appeared that certain levels of sulfates and $M_w$ of sulfated-glycoproteins were required to bind to the surface receptors on RAW 264.7 cells.