• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify lifestyle types for Koreans' time use through the 2014 National Time Survey. In this 2014 national life time survey data, the required maintenance time, mandatory time, and free time presented in the triangle model were divided into three areas, and compared and analyzed by age and region. In this type of lifestyle, teenagers, people in their 20s and 50s were given reasonable life-seeking, people in their 30s and 40s were given achievement-seeking, and people in their 60s, 70s and 80s were given passive real-life seeking. The required maintenance time of each regional lifestyle activity was Jeonbuk, Ulsan, and Gangwon took up the most time during free time. The higher the age, the higher the satisfaction level of each age, the higher the satisfaction level of life, while the satisfaction level of each region was the highest in Daejeon and the lowest in Ulsan. The satisfaction level for each lifestyle type was higher, followed by rational life pursuit, achievement pursuit and passive reality. It seems that systematic research on lifestyle will be needed in future studies through the diversification of areas of time, classification according to leisure characteristics, and type of lifestyle.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

Recently, as the scale of a construction project has become larger and more complicated, there are many cases where construction projects with complex structures are carried out in a fast track method to save construction duration. In the fast track method, the proper division of construction phases is an important issue in determining the overall project period. This study presents a rational phase division method that can be applied when a construction project with complex structures is carried out as a fast track. For this study, a subdivided work breakdown structure (WBS) is developed using the construction of 4 soccer stadiums as application examples, and the schedule is analyzed by dividing the construction process of major phases. To this end, five proposals are applied to analyze the adequacy of the fast track phase division. For the draft with the minimum construction period, the fast track phase division and the schedule model of by each phase were presented. This methodology can have an application in the appropriate phase division and schedule model by construction phase when fast track is applied in large construction project of a similar size.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.321-331
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• 2022

In this study, we tried to present a method for calculating the amount of regression using a watershed modeling method that can simulate the hydrological mechanism of water balance analysis and agricultural water based on watershed unit. Using the soil water assessment tool (SWAT), a watershed water balance analysis was conducted considering the simulation of paddy fields for the Manbongcheon Standard Basin (97.34 km²), which is a representative agricultural area of the Yeongsan river basin. Before evaluating return flow, the SWAT was calibrated and validated using the daily streamflow observation data at Naju streamflow gauge station (NJ). The coefficient of determination (R²), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of NJ were 0.73, 0.70, 0.64 mm/day. Based on the calibration results for three years (2015-2017), the quick return flow and the return rate compared to the water supply amount for the irrigation period (April 1 to September 30) were calculated, and the average return flow rate was 53.4%. The proposed method of this study may be used as foundation data to optimal agricultural water supply plan for rational watershed management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.16-26
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• 2021

For urban parks' rational and efficient management, research on creating green spaces in living area through citizen participation is continuously being conducted. However, in existing studies, citizens are recognized as a homogeneous group, and research on the intention to participate in park management according to user characteristics has not been conducted. A few studies have attempted to show differences through conceptual variables, such as user satisfaction and attachment to parks, but studies on sociodemographic factors, such as the users' age, have not been conducted. This study was conducted to ascertain the differences in preferred parks and park management participation methods by age, targeting various parks located in ten districts of Incheon Metropolitan City. Regression analysis was performed after collecting 1,226 questionnaires, applying a population-proportional allocation in the ten districts. As a result of the study, it was found that the difference according to the age of users has the most influence on the willingness to manage the park rather than the satisfaction or other factors. Also, a chi-square analysis was conducted to find the differences in preferred urban parks and management methods by age. The results showed that the choice to manage parks was statistically higher for those in their 50s or older, and the differences in preferred park types and desired park greening methods suggested implications for park management plans by age.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.73-84
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• 2022

This study aims to present the direction of research for rational clothing design and production and improve the productivity of the fashion industry by analyzing the most recent 11 years (from 2010 to 2021) with regard to the clothing construction field. Analyzing the research trends in the field of clothing construction, which is deeply related to clothing production, will suggest the direction of research for clothing design and production. To analyze the current status of research in the field of clothing construction, research trends were analyzed, focusing on 525 research journal articles from six Korean clothing-related journals with terms related to torso and upper and lower limbs. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the rapid development of IT technology requires changes and innovations in all processes of clothing construction, including body shape analysis and pattern design. Therefore, it is believed that both body shape and pattern research should be continuously conducted to produce clothes with an excellent silhouette and fit depending on the body shape through studies, such as developing 3D patterns and converting 3D body figures into 2D patterns, among others. Second, since body shape studies are concentrated on young, middle-aged, and the elderly, it is believed that various body shape studies should be conducted on infants and elementary, middle, and high school students who have significant changes in body shape due to changes in the living environment. Third, if the content of pattern research is expanded to various items and is widely conducted, it will contribute to the production of clothing that has an excellent fit. Fourth, at a time when aging in society is accelerating, it is believed that research on patterns and clothing systems that can increase the fit of clothing by analyzing the body types of elderly male and female consumers should be actively conducted. Because the analysis was conducted only among six Korean academic journals, there is a limitation in the expanded interpretation of the results derived from this study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

In Korea, the parcel delivery service is showing a high growth rate every year thanks to the activation of e-commerce, but the courier unit price continues to drop. Due to the low cost of parcel delivery, there is a need for improvement to normalize courier rates due to deterioration in profitability for couriers, deterioration in service for consumers, and overwork and accidents for workers. In this study, a rational rate system model and a systematic approach were presented. The study method modeled the chargeable weight by reflecting the voulumatirc weight and revenue ton by the volume and weight of the cargo, and presented a new parcel freight charge model based on the cost of delivery. In addition, a rate-determining support system was developed that can be easily, conveniently and reasonably determined on-site. In the demonstration, the rate difference was determined by relying on weight rather than volume, and 63.5% for personal courier and 40% for B2C courier were found to be inadequate. This study could be used as an alternative to solving side effects and problems at the delivery site, in the urgent need for research on ways to improve delivery prices.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.255-288
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose 'plot lamination methodology' for planning and analyzing of storytelling. The story contents with a certain volume of narrative might have several important characters. Most of the characters have meaningful influences on the context of the story through their choices and actions as they go through dynamic changes to construct and deconstruct relationships. The plot lamination methodology is the result of an attempt to look at the process from the 'strategic' point of view by focusing on the fact that the main characters with supplementary nature contribute to the independent formation of subplot based on the main plot driven by the protagonist. Regardless of how they live their own unique and autonomous life in the narrative, the main characters hold a relatively subordinate position within the centripetal force of the main plot. Their journeys tend to expand/emphasize/divide up the process of the main plot's 'persuasion via causality,' and also individualize into the functions of emotional sympathy (pathos), moral, ethical perspective (ethos), and rational logic (logos). As such, the subplots of main characters are laminated according to these three functional traits, which could become multi-layered through second or third laminations, depending on the number and roles of other characters. If the plot lamination methodology is further developed through follow-up studies, it will open up the possibilities of the strategic design (planning) and aesthetic criticism (analysis) regarding the procedure of conjugation /branching of subplot and/from the main plot.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.367-373
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to derive the factors for purchasing a meal kit in their 20s and 30s and analyze the purchasing behavior from which factors they want to buy a meal kit in each lifestyle type. The first methodology of this study is inducing 7 factors derived from previous research on purchasing a meal kit. The second is the in-depth interview on 3 male and 3 female participants with clear purchasing criteria. As a result of the study, meal kit buyers in their 20s-30s evaluated the importance of purchasing factors in the order of quality, convenience, and taste on average in the survey. In in-depth interviews, more than half answered that they could be satisfied with the experience of using the meal kit at least freshness met. In conclusion, MZ generation meal kit consumers have a high rate of pursuing rational consumption. This study is valuable in understanding the priorities of the MZ generation's meal kit purchasing attributes and examining lifestyle type's purchasing behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.222-237
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• 2022

This study was performed to predict change of forestland area in future to 2050 based on System Dynamics Model which is based on feedback loop by causal relationship. As forestland area change in the future depends on potential forestland conversion demands, each demand type of forestland conversion such as agricultural, industrial, public and residential/commercial use was modeled using annual GDP, population, number of household, household construction permission area (1981~2019). In results, all of conversion demands would have continuously decreased to 2050 while residential and commercial land would be reduced from 2034. Due to such shortage, eventually, total of forestland in South Korea would have decreased to 6.18 million ha when compared to current 6.29 million ha. Moreover, the forestland conversion to other use types must be occurred continuously in future because most of forestland is owned privately in South Korea. Such steady decrement of forestland area in future can contribute to the shortage of carbon sink and encumber achievement of national carbon-neutral goal to 2050. If forestland conversion would be occurred inevitably in future according to such change trends of all types, improved laws and polices related to forestland should be prepared for planned use and rational conservation in terms of whole territory management. Therefore, it is needed to offer sufficient incentive, such as tax reduction and payment of ecosystem service on excellent forestland protection and maintenance, to private owners for minimizing forestland conversion. Moreover, active afforestation policy and practice have to be implemented on idle land for reaching national goal 'Carbon Neutral to 2050' in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2022

This study is to structurally analyze the effect of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive three-dimensional parenting behavior on pragmatic language ability in the field of child language development by using data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, which was completed and published in 2018. As a result of the study, looking at the effect of three-dimensional parenting behavior on children's language ability, first, the authoritative parenting behavior, which provides a clear direction for parents in raising their children, and takes a rational and consistent way, is effective in improving pragmatic language ability appeared to have a positive effect. Second, it was found that authoritarian parenting behavior that strictly controls children's behavior in the direction desired by parents and demands absolute obedience from children did not have a significant effect on the improvement of children's pragmatic language ability. Lastly, it was found that the permissive parenting behavior of the neglect type, which allows children to do whatever they want, has a negative effect on the children's pragmatic language ability. Based on these results, in order to equip children who will live in an era where creativity and problem-solving ability are important to have the ability to express themselves accurately, parenting behavior, which is a very important ecosystem for children's language development, needs to be done correctly.