• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

Ultrasonography (US) is a recent technique that has proven to be useful for assessing muscle thickness and guiding the rehabilitation decision-making of clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-rater reliability of the US measurement of transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) thicknesses for different probe locations and measurement techniques. Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. Muscle thicknesses of the transversus TrA, IO, and EO were measured three times in the hook-lying position. The three different probe locations were as follows: 1) Probe location 1 (PL1) was below the rib cage in direct vertical alignment with the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). 2) Probe location 2 (PL2) was halfway between the ASIS and the ribcage along the mid-axillary line. 3) Probe location 3 (PL3) was halfway between the iliac crest and the inferior angle of the rib cage, with adjustment to ensure the medial edge of the TrA. The two different techniques of thickness measurement from the captured images were as follows: 1) Muscle thickness was measured in the middle of the muscle belly, which was centered within the captured image (technique A; TA). 2) Muscle thickness was measured along a horizontal reference line located 2 cm apart from the medial edge of the TrA in the captured image (technique B; TB). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [3,k]) was used to calculate the inter-rater reliability of the thickness measurement of TrA, IO and EO using the values from both the first and second examiner. In all three muscles, moderate to excellent reliability was found for all conditions (probe locations and measurement techniques) (ICC=.70~.97). In the PL1-TA condition, inter-rater reliability in the three muscle thicknesses was good to excellent (ICC=.85~.96). The reliability of all measurement conditions was excellent in IO (ICC=.95~.97). Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that TA can be applied to PL1 by clinicians and researchers in order to measure the thickness of abdominal muscles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2021

조직 내에서 성과평가가 그 목적을 달성하고 유용하게 활용되기 위해서는 피평가자가 성과평가 피드백을 의미있는 방식으로 적용하는 데 대한 외적 책임감(accountability)을 가지는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 다면평가 피드백 상황에서 피평가자가 느끼는 외적 책임감이 행위변화 의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 과정에 피드백 구체성이 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 다면평가 제도를 실시하고 있는 총 8개 국내 대기업에 종사하는 153명의 종업원으로부터 설문자료를 수집하였고 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 가설검증 결과, 피평가자가 다면평가 결과 피드백에 대해 느끼는 전반적인 외적 책임감은 행위변화 의도와 정(+)의 관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 다면평가 피드백 내용이 구체적이라고 지각될수록 전반적인 외적 책임감이 피평가자의 행위변화 의도에 미치는 영향은 감소하는 것으로 나타나, 가설과는 반대방향의 조절효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 다면평가를 통한 피드백이 유용한 것이 되기 위해서는 피평가자의 외적 책임감을 조장하고 관리하는 것이 중요함을 보여주고, 자기방어나 정당화보다는 성과증진을 위한 유연하고 건설적인 분석과 행위변화 전략을 제시하는 피드백을 제공해야 함을 시사한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2013

목적: 간 섬유화를 평가하기 위한 MR elastography (MRE)의 경직도 (stiffness value)에 미치는 gadoxetic acid의 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 임상적으로 만성 간 질환이 의심되어 자기공명영상을 촬영한 환자 중 조영제 (gadoxetic acid) 주입전과 후에 MRE를 촬영한 32명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 명의 영상의학과 의사가 간 실질의 경직도를 개별적으로 측정 하였다. 조영 전과 후의 평균 간경직도를 paired t-test를 사용하여 비교하였으며, 평가자내 및 평가자간 상관 관계는 intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)를 사용하여 분석 하였다. MRE의 F2 이상의 간섬유화 진단의 판별수치로 3.1 kPa을 이용하여 진단의 정확도, 민감도, 특이도를 구하였다. 결과: 조영 전과 후에 측정된 간 경직도의 평균값은 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (p > 0.05), 조영 전 후 모두에서 평가자 내 및 평가자간 우수한 상관 관계가 관찰되었다 (ICC = 0.988 for pre-contrast and ICC = 0.993 for post-contrast, ICC = 0.998 for rater 1 and ICC = 0.996 for rater 2). 간섬유화정도 F2 이상을 진단하는 MRE 의 정확도, 민감도, 특이도는 조영 전후 모두에서 각각 71%, 60%, 그리고 100%로 같은 값을 보였다. 결론: MRE를 이용한 gadoxetic acid 조영 전과 후에 측정된 간경직도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았기에 조영 후 MRE 영상도 간 섬유화 평가에 이용될 수 있다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3-4
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• 2022

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2006

The nation's birthrate has been rapidly falling. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to low birthrate, by analyzing TV dramas dealing with childbirth and rearing. Content analysis is well suited to research probing widespread cultural notions or behavior. If any part or all of the dramas discussed an aspect of childbirth and rearing, we recorded verbatim quotes and paraphrased some specific points. Using the technique of multiple observers, inter rater as well as intra rater reliabilities were measured. The results showed that emergent themes in TV dramas on low birthrate are social environment, family context, and value changes. The conclusions and implications of these findings are discussed.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation criteria for students' portfolios in an annual intramural contest. To accomplish the purpose, evaluation categories and their questions were developed after previous literature, ABEEK's evaluation guidelines, and eight Universities' evaluation forms were analyzed. Furthermore, experts' validity tests were completed by showing that the evaluation criteria form was validated with a mean score of 4.24. Also, the inter-rater reliability was turned out with a high score of .86. The interview results by evaluators of students' portfolios made the final version of evaluation criteria form include five evaluation criteria categories and their allotted score portions: overall organization(40), personal information(15), certificates and awards(5), curriculum(15), and extra-curriculum(15). The importance of overall organization was discussed from the perspectives of teachers as well as students.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the speech rate, fluency and the type of dysfluencies of normal adults in order to provide a basic data of normal speaking. The number of subjects of this study were 30(14 females and 16 males), and their ages ranged 17 to 36. The rate was measured as syllables per minute (SPM). The speech rates in reading ranged 273-426 with a mean of 348 SPM and in speaking ranges 118-409 (mean=265). The average of their fluencies was 99.1% in reading and 96.9% in speaking. The rater reliability of speech rate in the data assessed by video was very high (r=0.98) and the rater reliability of speech fluency was moderately high (r=0.67). The disfluency types were also analysed from 150 disfluency episodes. Syllable repetition and word interjection were the most common disfluent types.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.339-356
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• 2011

This study explored pre-service English teachers' participation in the development of a rubric and examined evaluation of their own English poetry. The current study would investigate: 1) the pre-service English teachers' perception as a rubric developer and self-evaluator, 2) the number of analytic area that the participants included in their rubrics and the scoring scheme that they designed in their rubrics, and 3) the inter-rater differences between self-assessemnt and expert-assessment across analytic areas. Twenty-four EFL learners participated in the current study. The researchers analyzed the learners' own English poetry, their field notes which contained the process of their writing, their rubrics, scores of self-assessment, and expert raters' scores. The results revealed that learners showed positive responses on learner-directed assessment, that 'content' is the most important area, and that inter-rater difference is small across all analytic areas.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2007

This study investigates learners' perception on their engagement in rating activities in the EFL essay-writing context. The current study aims to address the answers to the following research questions: 1) What attitude do students show about their participation in the rating tasks? and 2) which of three aspects (e.g. the degree of rating experience, the exposure to English composition instruction and learning, and proficiency level) significantly influences learners' rating activities? 104 EFL learners participated in the rater training session. After participants finished rater training session, they rated three sample essays and peer essays using the given scoring guide. Based on the analysis of survey responses that students made, students showed positive attitude toward their engagement in rating tasks. For research question 2, only L2 writing proficiency seriously affected students' perception on the rating tasks. Advanced level of subjects did not feel stressed by a grade of peers as low level of subjects did. They were also critical about the benefits of self- and peer-assessment, suggesting that a peer's feedback on their own essay was not so useful and that a self-rating does not fully help learners identify their writing proficiency.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2004

An auditory-perceptual evaluation has long been utilized in assessing dysarthric speech. The process involves subjective judgement and the results might vary depending on clinical experiences or training of listeners. This study aimed to investigate reliability of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of 22 multi -dimensional variables on 6 patients with Parkinsonian speech disorders. Listeners were divided into two groups: one consisted of 6 speech therapists with clinical experiences for three years or more, and the other 6 graduate students without any previous clinical background. The results showed that the former evaluated dysarthric speech with higher inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities than the latter. Furthermore, such speech variables as 'precise consonant: 'speech intelligibility: and 'SMR regularity' were more influenced than others by clinical experiences. We, therefore, postulated that a reliable auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysarthric speech may require adequate amount of clinical training of listeners.