• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.410-414
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• 2003

The effect of treatment with pine needle oil complex (complex of pine needle oil and Korean medicinal herbs) upon rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol was investigated. We compared body weight gain and ratios of liver and kidney to body weight and the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and Pine needle oil complex to control rats treated with alcohol alone. Pine needle oil complex treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglycerides (TG) compared to the control rats. These data suggest that Pine needle oil complex represents an excellent candidate for protection of rat hepatocytes from alcohol-mediated damage.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제7권3_4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1992

BPMC (2-Sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) was treated at the level of 100mg/kg/day in oral administration for 12th days in rat. It was investigated not only that the hematogram and the serological parameters, but also the content of cytochrome P-450, the activity of TBA, glucose-6-phosphatase, cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in rat. The results were as follows: The hematogram was not found any alteration but the value of AST, ALT, LDH and the content of glucose in serum were significantly increased compare with that of control group. The content of cytochrome P-450 in liver was increased significantly on the contrary cytochrome P-450 in kideny and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and Kidney were not significantly increased. After the final 12th day, the value of TBA and the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase appeared to the tendency of increasement in the liver. The activity of cholinesterase and carboxylesterase both in serum and liver were decreased. Especially the activity of cholinesterase was more significantly decreased. It was conclusion that the function of this insectivide should be due th the inhibition of cholinesterase activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2012

신장섬유화는 내 외부적인 요인들에 의해 발생하며, 그 요인들에 의해 염증이 생기고 지속적인 손상이 일어날 경우 신기능의 상실이 유발된다. 또한 신장섬유화는 세포 외 기질의 과다축적, TGF-${\beta}$나, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1과 같은 사이 토카인에 의해 발생하며, TGF-${\beta}$는 신장 섬유화의 과정과 Type I collagen과 fibronectin, PAI-1을 포함한 섬유화 관련 인자들의 발현 유도에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 TGF-${\beta}$를 처리한 신장섬유화 유도 모델에서 Moringa oleifera Lam 추출물에 대한 섬유화 관련 인자들의 영향을 확인하였다. 실험 결과 TGF-${\beta}$로 유도된 신장 섬유화 세포에서 모링가 추출물이 fibronectin, Type I collagen과 PAI-1의 단백질 및 mRNA 발현을 저해하였으며, 모링가 추출물 중 모링가 뿌리추출물이 가장 영향이 있는 것으로 확인 되었다. 모링가 뿌리추출물이 어떠한 기전을 통하여 섬유화 관련 인자들의 발현을 조절하는지 알아보기 위한 TGF-${\beta}$로 유도된 $T{\beta}RII$ 및 그 하위 기전의 인산화 정도를 확인한 실험에서 모링가 뿌리추출물이 TGF-${\beta}$로 유도된 $T{\beta}RII$과 그 하위기전의 Smad4, ERK의 인산화를 저해하였다. 그러나 TGF-${\beta}$에 의해 유도된 JNK와 p38, PI3K/AKT의 인산화에는 영향이 없었다. 따라서 모링가 뿌리추출물이 TGF-${\beta}$로 유도된 신장 섬유아세포에서 $T{\beta}RII$와 그 하위 기전인 Smad4, ERK를 통해서 Type I collagen 과 fibronectin, PAI-1의 발현을 조절하여 섬유화를 저해 한다는 것을 예상할 수 있다. 결론적으로 모링가 뿌리추출물이 섬유화 치료 및 완화에 좋은 물질이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.231-250
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• 1993

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg $CdCl_2/kg$ by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in bleed were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to rnetallothionein (MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(${\mu}g\;MT/{\mu}g\;Cd$) was eater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2009

본 연구는 급성 납 독성에 대한 여주 추출물의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 시도되었다. 250 g 내외의 흰쥐를 대상으로 대조군, 납(1,000 ppm) 투여군, 납 투여 후 필리핀산과 일본산 여주 추출물을 5%와 10%로 희석하여 식수로 공급한 후 6주 후에 간과 콩팥 손상 억제 효과를 알아보기 위하여 생화학적 및 조직학적 실험을 실시하였다. 혈액중 AST, ALT와 BUN의 수치는 여주 추출물 투여군이 납 단독투여군보다 감소되었다. 간 조직의 광학현미경적 관찰에서 납 단독투여군은 간세포의 괴사와 염증세포의 침윤이 관찰되었으나 여주 추출물 투여군에서는 중심정맥 주위에 약간의 단핵세포의 조직 침윤만이 관찰되었다. 콩팥 조직의 광학현미경적 관찰에서 납 단독투여군은 콩팥토리 모세혈관의 위축과 괴사 현상이 관찰되었고 콩팥세관 주위 간질에 염증세포의 침윤이 관찰되었으나 여주 추출물 투여군에서는 일부 콩팥세관 주위에서 염증 세포의 침윤만이 관찰되었다. 이상의 연구 결과로 보아 여주가 납으로 유발된 간과 콩팥 손상을 보호하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며 여주에 대한 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1784-1794
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• 2004

To study the effects between Cd inhalation toxicity and methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, 4 rat groups were exposed to Cd aerosol by whole-body inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 4 weeks. Cd concentration in air was 0.98㎎/㎥ and mass median diameter(MMD) was 1.78㎛. 3 different dose intraperitoneal injections of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae to 3 inhalation exposure groups applied for 4 weeks and the results were as follows: The highest body weight gain for 4 weeks and food intake per day were from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest lung weight was from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ and the highest liver and kidney weight were from inhalation exposure group Ⅱ(p<0.05). The lowest Cd content in lung was 22.77㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest Cd concentration in blood was 11.71㎍/㎗ from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ(p<0.05). Cd concentrations of 14.87㎍/g in liver and 17.91㎍/g in kidney were the highest from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ(p<0.05). The lowest Cd concentration in liver and kidney were 5.71㎍/g and 3.17㎍/g from the control(p<0.05). For weekly Cd concentration in urine, the highest value was 0.48㎍/㎖ from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ of the 3rd week and inhalation exposure group Ⅰ, Ⅱ of the 4th week. For weekly Cd concentration in feces, the highest value was 0.32㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The highest metallothionein concentration in lung was 89.02㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). The highest metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney were 265.47㎍/g and 214.21㎍/g from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ, respectively(p<0.05). The highest Hct, Hb, and WBC values were from inhalation exposure group Ⅱ and the highest RBC value was from inhalation exposure group Ⅲ(p<0.05). Mostly damaged part in liver tissue was hepatic lobule and the degrees of damage were lessened by the intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae. Proximal, distal convoluted tubules and glomerulus in kidney tissue were mostly damaged part. Degeneration and swelling were partially observed but the degrees of kidney tissue damage were lessened more or less by the intraperitoneal injection of methanol extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.709-718
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of lead poisoning on the lead and essential trace elements homeostasis of tissues in rats. Fifty female Wistar rats, 7 weeks old, were divided into four experimental groups(B, C, D, and E) and a control(A). The four experimental groups received diets contaminated artificially with 10 (B group), 100 (C group), 1,000 (D group) and 5,000 (E group) ${\mu}g/g$ of lead as lead acetate, respectively. The control group received normal diet. Rats were necropsied on the 4th or 8th week of experimental periods and heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, lung and hair were taken. The tissues were analysed for lead, copper, zinc, iron and calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From these experiments following results ware obtained ; In C group, lead content of the heart, liver, kidney and hair were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In D and E group, lead content of all tissues including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, hair and lung were significantly increased in accordance with the lead contamination both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In C group, copper content of tissues were significantly increased in the heart, liver, kidney and lung on the 4th week and all tissues on the 8th week of experimental periods. In D and E group, copper content of the liver were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. But the copper content of tissues were gradually decreased compared with C group in accordance with the lead contamination. Especially the content in spleen, heart or kidney were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The zinc content of kidney, heart, or spleen were decreased in D and E groups whereas the iron and calcium content showed no significant change.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.199-207
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• 1998

Ginseng saponin (G5) purified from Panax ginseng, increase renal blood flow in rats. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a substance endogenously released by G5 in preconstricted lungs and cultured endothelial cells. The present study aims to determine whether G5 could stimulate endogenous 1'elease of NO in rat kidney and urine levels of the stable NO metabolites, nitrite (NO,) and nitrate (NO,) and urinary COMP levels were measured 8 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection of GS (200 mg/kg) Into rats. The effects of the WO synthesis inhibitor, Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, .1nd the NO precursor, L-arginine, on the G5-induced changes were also determined. The activity of NO synthase, as determined by conversion of ('"C)-L-arginine to ('"C)-L-citrulline, in whole kidney, glomeruli and cortical tubules were also investigated. A single injection of GS resulted in endogenous production of NO as reflected by increase in serum and urine levels of N021N03 and urinary cGMP levels, which were inhibited by the addition o ( N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and restored fly L-arginine. GS also stimulated the activity of NO synthase in whole kidney as well as glomeruli and cortical tubules, and Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl tilter significantly prevented this increase. In conclusion, GS stimulates endogenous NO production and thus, may play a protective role 1 11 the kidney by modulating renal blood flow.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 납 중독된 쥐의 신장에서 키토산 효과를 연구하고자 하였다. 납(30 mg/kg)은 1주 2회 복강투여하고, 0.1% 키토산(1 mg/ml) 수용액은 음용수를 통해 자유자재로 공급하였다. 실험 후, 4주, 8주째에 각각의 신장을 적출해서 투과전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 실험군의 경우 Group 1은 납 중독 후 키토산용액을 처치하지 않은 군, Group 2는 납 중독 후 키토산용액을 처치한 군으로 각 군당 10마리의 쥐를 사용하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 납 단독투여군의 경우 세뇨관 세포에서 미세융모의 소실이 나타났으며 용해소체가 증가되었다. 사립체 및 과립형질내세망 수조 내강의 팽대와 과립형질내세망으로부터 리보솜의 탈락이 관찰되었다. 납-키토산 투여군의 경우 세뇨관 세포에서 미세융모의 변화는 없었으며 용해소체의 수가 감소되었다. 기다란 모양의 사립체와 리보솜이 부착된 과립형질내세망이 정상적인 상태로 관찰되었다. 결론적으로, 키토산이 쥐의 신장에 미치는 납의 독성을 감소시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2013

While the anti-apoptotic effect of paricalcitol has been demonstrated in various animal models, it is not yet clear whether paricalcitol attenuates the apoptosis in gentamicin (GM)-induced kidney injury. We investigated the effect of paricalcitol on apoptotic pathways in rat kidneys damaged by GM. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) Control group (n=8), where only vehicle was delivered, 2) GM group (n=10), where rats were treated with GM (150 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, 3) PARI group (n=10), where rats were co-treated with paricalcitol (0.2 ${\mu}g/kg/day$) and GM for 7 days. Paricalcitol attenuated renal dysfunction by GM administration in biochemical profiles. In terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, increased apoptosis was observed in GM group, which was reversed by paricalcitol co-treatment. Immunoblotting using protein samples from rat cortex/outer stripe of outer medulla showed increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved form of caspase-3 in GM group, both of which were reversed by paricalcitol. The phosphorylated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression was increase in GM, which was counteracted by paricalcitol. The protein expression of p-Akt and nitro-tyrosine was also enhanced in GM-treated rats compared with control rats, which was reversed by paricalcitol co-treatment. Paricalcitol protects GM-induced renal injury by antiapoptotic mechanisms, including inhibition of intrinsic apoptosis pathway and JNK.