• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2016

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of caffeine in forensic aqueous sample. The centrifuged sample ($100{\mu}l$) was diluted 50-fold with distilled water. The diluted sample ($400{\mu}l$) was then diluted further with $200{\mu}l$ of 0.1% formic acid solution and $400{\mu}l$ of acetonitrile containing 500 ng of caffeine-(3-methyl-$^{13}C_3$) prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Chromatographic separation was performed by using a Zorbax SB-C18 ($100mm{\times}2.1mm$ i.d., $3.5{\mu}m$) column and caffeine was eluted within 1.1 min. Linear least-squares regression with a 1/x weighting factor was used to generate a calibration curve with the coefficients of determination ($r^2=0.9983$). The lower limit of quantification was $25ng/ml$ for the analyte. The process efficiency was 98.6~100.1%. Intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 2.1% and 1.7%, while intra- and inter-day accuracies were ranged from -6.8 to 4.5%, respectively. The suitability of the method was examined by analyzing unknown forensic aqueous samples.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

As the Privacy Act is in force in Korea, the subject of protection responsibility is increased, and continuous efforts are made to protect privacy in overseas countries, as can be seen by standard drafts related to privacy protection. However, the reality is that a formal privacy manual or guidelines are insufficient to help cope with the rapid changes and privacy leak caused by TGIF(Twitter-Google-iPhone-Facebook) these days, and practical effects cannot be expected, even though measures are taken. This paper propose a standard format for satisfying the ISO/IEC 29101 "Privacy Reference Architecture" and shows an implementation example for equipping with forensic readiness capturing indications of the incident rapidly and coming up with an effective counter measure when privacy information is disclosed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2013

Forensic and legal medicine require reliable data to indicate excessive alcohol consumption. Ethanol is oxidatively metabolized to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase and non-oxidatively metabolized to ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidylethanol, or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Oxidative metabolism is too rapid to provide biomarkers for the detection of ethanol ingestion. However, the non-oxidative metabolite EtG is a useful biomarker because it is stable, non-volatile, water soluble, highly sensitive, and is detected in body fluid, hair, and tissues. EtG analysis methods such as mass spectroscopy, chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques are currently in use. We suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be used to monitor ethanol intake. As with current conventional methods, NMR spectroscopy doesn't require complicated pretreatments or sample separation. This method has the advantages of short acquisition time, simple sample preparation, reproducibility, and accuracy. In addition, all proton-containing compounds can be detected. In this study, we performed $^1H$ NMR analyses of urine to monitor the ethanol and EtG. Urinary samples were collected over time from 5 male volunteers. We confirmed that ethanol and EtG signals could be detected with NMR spectroscopy. Ethanol signals increased immediately upon alcohol intake, but decreased sharply over time. In contrast, EtG signal increased and reached a maximum about 9 h later, after which the EtG signal decreased gradually and remained detectable after 20-25 h. Based on these results, we suggest that $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify ethanol non-oxidative metabolites without the need for sample pretreatment.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2013

For a case study of suspected paraquat intoxication, we developed a simple and rapid method of $^1H$ qNMR to determine the mili-molar amount of paraquat in postmortem blood samples. There were no interfering signals from endogenous compounds in the chemical shift of paraquat and diquat (internal standard). The amount of sample used ranged from 0.25 mM to 10.0 mM. Diquat, which has similar physicochemical properties with paraquat, was chosen as an internal standard. The NMR experimental conditions, relaxation delay time and CPMG spin-echo pulse sequence were optimized. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and low limit of quantification (LLOQ). The proposed qNMR method provided a simple and rapid assay for the identification and quantification of the quaternary ammonium herbicide, "paraquat" in postmortem blood samples. This method was tested by using the blood from the heart of a man who was intoxicated with paraquat. In this particular case, the level of paraquat was 1.07 mM in the blood. For the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides, qNMR could also be used to provide a better understanding of the currently available techniques.

• 분석과학
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1997

계면활성제로 sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS)를 이용한 micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) 방법을 이용하여 유기 폭약 성분을 신속하고 정확하게 분석할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 완충요액으로는 2.5mM borate와 25mM SDS(pH 8.5)를 사용하였고, 완충용액에 1M urea와 10% 유기 용매(acetonitrile, methanol 및 ethanol)를 첨가한 결과 분리능이 향상되는 현상을 관찰할 수 있다. 15종의 폭약 혹은 그 구성 성분을 MECC 방법으로 분리한 결과 RDX/TNB 및 DNN/DEP를 제외한 성분을 분리할 수 있었고, 검출한계는 1~4ppm으로 나타났다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

Due to the recent rapid changes in society and wide spread of information devices, diverse digital information is utilized in a variety of economic and social analysis. Information related to the crime statistics by type of crime has been used as a major factor in crime. However, statistical analysis using only the structured data has the difficulty in the investigation by providing limited information to investigators and users. In this paper, structured data and unstructured data are analyzed by applying Korean Natural Language Processing (Ko-NLP) and the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) technique. It will provide a crime profile optimum system that can be applied to the crime profiling system or statistical analysis.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.118.3-119
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• 2003

Diazepam (DZ) is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs as an antianxiety agent, muscle relaxant, and anticovulsant and sometimes causes intoxication due to accidental overdose, misuse or abuse. Screening or confirmation methods for DZ and NDZ in plasma are very important for clinical and toxicological studies and in forensic cases. GC/MS assay with SPE was developed for the determination of diazepam and its metabolite, nordiazepam in human plasma. Diazepam in plasma was extracted by a rapid and sensitive procedure based on C18 bonded-phase extraction. (omitted)

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2012

최근 스마트폰의 급격한 보급으로 개인정보 침해사고 및 프라이버시 침해를 통한 여러 가지 사회문제가 급속도로 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 개인 정보보호를 위한 다양한 연구 및 기술 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 개인의 모든 정보가 거의 들어 있다고 해도 과언이 아닌 스마트폰의 정보유출은 우리의 일상에서 쉽고 빈번하게 발생할 수 있는데, 포렌식 분석 툴을 이용하여 증거를 수집하거나 분석하기란 쉽지 않은 일이다. 현재 안드로이드 포렌식 연구는 비휘발성 메모리로부터 데이터를 수집하여 분석하는 기법에 집중되어 왔으며, 휘발성 데이터에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 안드로이드 로그는 휘발성 저장매체로부터 수집될 수 있는 휘발성 데이터이다. 안드로이드 로그는 안드로이드 시스템에서부터 애플리케이션에 이르기까지 최근의 모든 구동내역과 관련한 기록이 로그로 저장되기 때문에 안드로이드폰 사용을 추적할 수 있는 자료로 활용이 충분하다. 본 논문에서는 포렌식 분석 툴을 이용하지 않고 로그를 필터링하여 개인의 정보 유출 유무를 판단하여 대응할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2018

An innovative, simple, and rapid assay method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight statin drugs in human urine. A simple sample clean-up procedure using the "dilute and shoot" (DAS) approach enabled a fast and reliable analysis. The influence of the dilution factor was investigated to ensure detectability and reduce the matrix effect. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column ($50{\times}3.0mm$ i.d., $2.6{\mu}m$) using an elution gradient of mobile phase A composed of 0.1% acetic acid, and mobile phase B composed of acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Quantitation was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. The total chromatographic run time was 15 min. The method was validated for selectivity, sensitivity, recovery, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The present method was successfully applied to the analysis of Rosuvastatin in urine samples after oral administration to healthy human subjects.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2024

인터넷 서비스 급증과 함께 사용자가 다양한 서비스를 이용하게 되면서 계정관리에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 이러한 고충을 해결하기 위해 다양한 비밀번호 관리 어플리케이션이 등장하고 있다. 포렌식 관점에서 비밀번호 관리 어플리케이션은 범죄 증거를 획득할 수 있는 단서를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 비밀번호 관리 어플리케이션에서 사용자가 저장한 데이터를 획득하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 역공학을 통해 암호화된 데이터를 복호화하고 분석 대상 어플리케이션에 대한 보안성 평가 및 데이터를 안전하게 보관할 수 있는 더 나은 방법을 제안한다.