• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1994

The ether, ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis showed a significant inhibition of lens aldose reductase (AR) activity in vitro. During systematic fractionation of the active fractions, 7 flavonoids were isolated and compared their inhibitory activities against rat AR using DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate, among which baicalin (VII) was found to exhibit the most potent inhibitory activity. Baicalin (VII) and wogonin-7-O-glucuronide (VI), with repeated treatments (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) throughout the experimental periods caused a significant suppression of cataract formation induced by galactose (40 g/kg/day) as well as the decrease of galactitol accumulation in the rat lens. The flavonoids also exhibited a significant inhibition of sorbitol accumulation in the lenses of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.138-141
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to describe the utilization of herbal formulas from Wenrejingwei by using network analysis and understand the treatment of acute exogenous febrile diseases. Methods: We constructed a matrix of high-frequency herbal combinations (HCs) from Wenrejingwei and Shang Han Lun and cluster networks based on cohesive analysis. Network analysis was performed to compare the results. Results: The results of the high-frequency HC network in Wenrejingwei showed cohesive patterns in three categories corresponding to dampness-heat and warm-fever treatment. Compared to the Shang Han Lun network, the Wenrejingwei network indicated a careful approach in the use of pungent and warm herbs such as Guizhitang. Moreover, the combination of Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis along with the use of herbs strengthening yin, such as Ginseng Radix and Liriopes Radix, provide evidence of a holistic approach in the treatment of exogenous febrile diseases by considering the balance of the human body damaged by heat. Conclusion: The results of this study could help select appropriate herbal formulas and treatment methods for treating Onbyeong and modern acute febrile infectious diseases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2012

Objectives : In this research, the genotoxic effect of $Scutellariae$ $Radix$(SR), the dried roots of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ Georgi has been traditionally used as antipyretic agent, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. Methods : SR aqueous extract(yield = 27.2%) was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide(CPA) 70 mg/kg was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus(MN) in polychromatic erythrocyte(PCE) is used as an index for genotoxic potential, and PCE ratio is used as an index of cytotoxicity. Results and Conclusions : Although significant(p<0.01) increase of the number of PCE with one or more nuclei(MNPCE) was detected in CPA treated groups, no significant increases of MNPCE numbers were observed in all three different dosages of SR extracts treated mice with over 0.33 of the individual polychromatic erythrocyte ratio in all mice used in this study. The results obtained indicated that SR extract shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2,000 mg/kg dosing levels - the limit dosage in rodents.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2015

HAE series (HAE 01 - 06), are the mixtures of medicinal plants; Lonicerae Folium et Caulis (Lonicera japonica), Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis), Adenophorae Radix (Adenophora triphylla var. japonica), Polygonati Oddorati Rhizoma (Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum), Platycodi Radix (Platycodon grandiflorum), Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber (Liriope platyphylla). HAE 06 showed the significant antitussive effect in HAE series. HAE 04, 05, and 06 increased the effect of expectorant measured by secretion of phenol red in rats. All tested HAE series were observed to have the anti-oxidant activity determined by the scavenging activity. HAE 01, 03 and 06 were significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) increased by LPS. HAE 06 was selected based on the results and done further experiments. HAE 06 inhibited the number of coughing induced by citric acid in dose dependent manner. HAE 06 effectively increased the effect of expectorant. HAE 06 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$. In addition, HAE 06 significantly suppressed inducible Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Especially HAE 06 has the highest effect in alleviating the respiratory symptoms. Moreover, the enhancement antioxidant activity and reduction inflammation partly were attributed to it. HAE 06 may become the promising candidate for the treatment of respiratory symptom in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.155.3-156
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• 2003

Flavonoids from plant origin show anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition to inhibition of inflammation-associated enzymes such as cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, they have been found to regulate the expression of inflammation-associated proteins from in vitro experiments. In order to prove in vivo behavior and the potential for beneficial use against inflammatory skin disorders, the effect of wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) on in vivo expression of several inflammation-associated genes was examined in the intact as well as in the inflamed mouse skin by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.633-639
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• 2005

The composition of Hwoangbaec-tang has been traditionally used in Korea to treat cancer. Hwoangbaec-tang I is the water extracts prepared from Angelica dahurica, Fritillariae verticillata, Ailanthus altissima, Viscum coloratun, Scutellaria Radix, Ginseng Radix, Astragalus membranaceus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. Hwoangbaec-tang II also is the water extracts prepared from Ginseng Radix, Astragalus membranaceus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix. The anti-leukemic effects of human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60 cells) by Hwoangbaec-tang I or II was accessed by propidium iodide staining flow cytometric analysis, and apoptosis-inducing activity was further confirmed by a nuclear morphological change, a ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation, and an activation of caspase-3 and 9. Hwoangbaec-tang I was found to induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells via caspase-3 and 9 pathway. In the other side, Hwoangbaec-tang II was found to inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells by inducing these cells to differentiate toward granulocytes. These results indicate that the different anti-leukemic effects of Hwoangbaec-tang in HL-60 cells can be induce the apoptosis or differnetiation of HL-60 cells in Hwoangbaec-tang composition dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.674-679
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• 2008

Scutellaria radix (SR) has been utilized as a traditional medicine for a variety of diseases including Rheumatoid arthritis and its major flavonoids - baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin - have been reported to exert beneficial health effects, including anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effect of SR on osteoblast and osteoclast cells. SR extract was prepared using 70% ethanol solvent. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclast precursor Raw 264.7 macrophage cells were utilized. SR extract increased MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity dose-dependently, 152.0% of the control at concentration $1{\mu}g/mL$. Additionally, SR extract ($1{\mu}g/mL$) stimulated Bone nodule formation activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, approximately 223.3% of the control, 20 days after the exposure. In addition, SR extract significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) multinucleated cells from Raw 264.7 cells. In conclusion, SR extract stimulates the proliferation and bioactivities of boneforming osteoblasts, and inhibits the activities of bone-resorbing osteoclasts to a certain degree.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Bacillus-fermented Scutellariae Radix acupuncture solution (SB) on chemokine and growth factor production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Productions of chemokine and growth factor were measured by High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on xMAP$^{(R)}$ technology. Firstly, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS (1 ${\mu}g$/mL) and SB for 24 hours. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conjugated beads for 30 minutes. Detection antibody was then added and incubated for 30 minutes. After incubated for 30 minutes, strepavidin-conjugated phycoerythrin (SAPE) was added. After another 30 minutes incubation, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed in Bio-plex Suspension Array System. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). 2. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of Eotaxin at the concentration of 25, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). 3. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of MIP-$1\alpha$ at the concentration of 25 and 100 ${\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that SB has immuno-modulatory property related with its inhibition of VEGF, IP-10, G-CSF, and Eotaxin production in macrophages.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.82-102
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine inhalation therapy in children by analyzing recent randomized controlled trials conducted in China. Methods We searched the clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) using a by key word '霧化吸入' and specific criteria from 1st January 2010 to 2nd July 2019. Data regarding years of publication, demographic information, target diseases or symptoms, treatment methods, outcome measure, results and adverse events are collected for this study. Results Total of 44 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. Respiratory diseases and symptoms (84.1%) were the most frequent target diseases that herbal medicine inhalation therapy was used. Acute stomatitis was another disease state that the therapy was used. In most of the studies, the herbal medicine inhalation in children showed significant efficacies. The most commonly used herbal medicines were Ephedrae Herba (麻黃), Lonicera Flos (金銀花), Armeniacae Semen (杏仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (甘草), Scutellaria Radix (黃芩), Forsythia Fructus (連翹) etc. Hardly any adverse effects were reported from the trials selected. Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies from China, herbal medicine inhalation therapy in children can be an effective and safe option for treatment and symptom improvement.