• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 1991

압출공정 중에 화학반응이 수반되는 경우에 화확반응은 온도와 체류시간분포 (Residence Time Distribution (RTD))에 의해 결정되므로 압출기의 설계 및 공정조건의 확 립에 있어서 RTD를 정확히 측정하거나 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. RTD를 예측하기 위 해 제안된 종래의 방법은 압출기내에서의 유동을 2차원으로 단순화하여 RTD와 체류시간분 포함수 f(T)와 누적 체류시간 분포함수 F(T)를 해석적으로 구하였다. 그러나 이러한 종래의 RTD에 관한 해석방법은 실제압출기 내부에서 일어나는 3차원적 순환유동(Circulatory Flow)을 정확하게 고려하지 못하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본논문에서는 RTD를 정확하게 예 측하기 위하여 3차원 순환유동을 고려한 RTD를 구하는 방식을 제시하고 f(T)에 관한 새로 운 공식을 유도하였다. 새로운 방식을 적용하기 위해서 유사 3차원(Quasi-3-Dimensional) 유한요소 해석법을 이용하여 속도분포를 구한 후에 순환유동을 고려한 RTD 및 f(T), F(T) 를 계산하였다. 순환유동이 고려안된 종래의 방법에 따른 계산 결과와 비교한 결과로서 종 래의 방식은 순환유동이 고려안되었기 때문에 RTD를 과소평가하는 경향이 있음을 알수 있 었다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2018

This study investigated the quality of characteristics of high-protein RTD coffee using domestic and imported skim milk powder with different heat treatment. Skim milk powders (A, B) had high-heat treatment, C had medium-heat, and D and E had low-heat treatment. The transmittance of A and B were higher than that of C, and that of C were higher than that of D and E (p<0.05). The precipitate attached on bottom of container of RTD coffee using A and B were 2.993~3.053% and higher than those (0.753~0.803%) of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05), but there was no difference between those of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05). The centrifuged precipitate of RTD coffee using A and B were 1.987~2.040% and higher than those (0.820~0.830%) of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05), but there was no difference between those of RTD coffee using C, D and E (p<0.05). The proximate composition of precipitate attached on bottom of container of RTD coffee using A, which showed the highest amount of precipitate, showed 65.7% of carbohydrate, 19.0% of protein, 4.8% of fat and 4.8% of ash in dry basis, that of RTD coffee being 72.7%, 15.1%, 7.9% and 4.3% in dry basis respectively. Protein and fat content of precipitate were lower and protein and ash content were higher than those of RTD coffee. But seeing that the most increased portion was protein, precipitation of RTD coffee appears to be attributed to heat-denatured proteins.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.117-125
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• 2008

With increase of concern about the Ubiquitous application, the necessity of the computer system which is miniaturized is becoming larger. The ARM processor is showing a high share from embedded system market. In this paper, ideal method for RTD-1000 controller construction and development is described using ARM microcontroller. Existing RTD-1000 measures distance of disconnection or defect of sensing casket by measuring receiving reflected wave which was sent via copper wire inside the leaking sensing rod. Using this RTD-1000, leakage and breakage of water and oil pipe can be sensed and it reports damage results to the networks. But, existing RTD-1000 wastes hardware resources much and costs a great deal to installation. Also, it needs a cooling device because the heating problem, and has some problem of the secondary memory unit such as the hard disk. So, long tenn maintenance has some problems in the outside install place. In this paper, for the resolving the problem of RTD-1000, RTD-1000A embedded system based on ARM is proposed and simulated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.345-350
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• 1997

1980년대 이후로 원자로냉각재 온도를 계측하기 위한 RTD우회배관 계통을 제거하고 RCS 배관에 직접삽입식 RTD를 설치하여 온도를 계측하고 있다. 이에 고리 1,2,3,4호기에서도 직접삽입식 RTD를 설치하고자 한다. 이때 고온관 온도층화에 의한 계통측정정확도(PMA)가 설비 개선후 어떻게 변하는지 평가하였다. 평가 결과 RTD우회배관 계통의 PMA는 1.3℉F이고 직접삽입식 RTD 계통은 1.0℉로 계산되어 설비 개선후의 불확실도가 작아짐을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2003

This paper presents a residence time distribution (RTD) measurement method using a radioisotope tracer and the estimation method of RTD model parameters to analyze a submerged bio-reactor. The mathematical RTD models have been investigated to represent the flow behavior and the existence of stagnant regions in the reactor. Knowing the parameters of the RTD model is important for understanding the mixing characteristics of a reactor The radioisotope tracer experiment was carried out by injecting a radioisotope tracer as a pulse into the inlet of the reactor and recording the change of its concentration at the outlet of the reactor to obtain the experimental RTD response. The parameter estimation was performed by the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. The proposed scheme allowed the parameter estimation of RTD model suggested by Adler-Hovorka with very low deviations. The estimation procedure is shown to lead to accurate estimation of the RTD parameters and to a good agreement between experimental and simulated response.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.5A
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• pp.660-667
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• 2000

This paper aims at analyzing the traffic of CDMA base station. RTD(Round Trip Delay) method, used for the study, is one of the developed tool for calculating the call setup time between the BTS(Base Station TransceiverSubsystem) and mobile station.We compare the calculated call setup time in air with the field experiments.And we suggest the RTD method for dividing the traffic of the connected repeater from that of the BTS, andwe can testify it by the experiment which analyze the difference of the received time between the base stationand the repeater including the forced delay elements.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.737-743
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• 1995

Two step RTD(Rapid Thermal Diffussion) of P into silicon wafer using tungsten halogen lamp was used to fabricated very shallow n$^{+}$p junction. 1st RTD was performed in the temperature range of 800.deg. C for 60 see and the heating rate was in the 50.deg. C/sec. Phosphrous solid source was transfered on the silicon surface. 2nd RTD process was performed in the temperature range 1050.deg. C, 10sec. Using 2 step RTD we can obtain a shallow junction 0.13.mu.m in depth. After RTD, the Ti-silicide process was performed by the two step RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) to reduced the electric resistance and to improve the n$^{+}$p junction diode. The titanium thickness was 300.angs.. The condition of lst RTA process was 600.deg. C of 30sec and that of 2nd RTA process was varied in the range 700.deg. C, 750.deg. C, 800.deg. C for 10sec-60sec. After 2 step RTA, sheet resistance was 46.ohm../[]. Ti-silicide n+p junction diode was fabricated and I-V characteristics were measured.red.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1041-1049
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• 2011

According to the development of society and infrastructure, effective underground facility management is growing more important them ever. In the process various monitoring systems are studied and developed for water works pipe-network. Especially, RTD-1000 system with the based on Pc. Reflector-monitoring device is constructed and steered by several local governments. But, this system have to be improved result from based on PC system structure at the point of resource management, heat, power consumption and size. In this paper, RTD-2000 is proposed are a substitution of improved RTD-1000 with many respect and portable one. This system is designed and implemented with ARM-9 development kit based on WinCE and LCD eliminate TDR(Time Domain Reflector-Meter). Various surveillance programs based on windows are mounted on RTD-1000 are replaced with dedicated embedded application softwares. Simulation and evaluation for performance comparison are performed for the prove of effectiveness of RTD-2000.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2004

In this paper, multi-functional measurement module for RTD and 4-20mA Analog input is presented. As you know, In many industry field, RTD has been used for measuring a temperature. Although It have good properties such as wide measurement range, accuracy, the hardware or software compensation methods were applied to better linearity in many applications. According to this paper, a simply approximation method and various measuring technique are proposed to compensate large lead's resistance influence in RTD temperature measurements. As the experiment and simulation results, it is proved that the proposed method has good performance of measuring temperature. Additionally, with the CAN based communication, remote monitoring and parameter setting functions are realized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2000

RTD temperature sensor is a thermoresistor which uses the liner dependence of the resistance of the sensing material on the temperature, and has good stability and sensibility, so it can be used in highly precise temperature measurement. In this study RTD sensor was fabricated using Pt thin film. The Pt thin film was deposited on alumina using DC-Sputter, and annealed with various temperature. Through the experiments of XRD, AFM, 4-point probe, the surface structure of the thin film with annealing conditions and their effects on the electrical resistance were investigated. RTD with serpentine pattern was fabricated using Lift-off and resistance-temperature characteristics were studied.