• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical increases with age, the reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO). Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. Our reserch objective was to examine the in vitro biological activity of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture, including the total poly-phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, Nitrite scavenging ability. The total poly-phenol contents of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 35.859mg/L. Elctron donation ability on DPPH was 36.82%. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ehtlbezothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) was 84.7%. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture was 44.33%. The nitrite scavenging effects were pH dependent, and were highest at pH 1.5(45.2%) and lowest at pH 6.0(11.3%). We conclude that Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture may be useful as potential sources of antioxidant.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Equisetum arvense extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense was in the order: 50 % ethanol extract ($182.04{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($54.50{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($14.13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Equisetum arvense extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol- dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($OSC_{50}$, $3.54{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract ($0.80{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($0.006{\mu}g/mL$). Ethylacetate fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated aglycone extract exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 161.10 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.296-304
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Psidium guajava leaf extract as a whitening functional cosmetic material. We measured DPPH radical scavenging activity, intracellular ROS, cytotoxicity in B16F10 melanoma cells and cytoprotective effect on ultraviolet A, in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory effect and melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effect. The antioxidative effect was confirmed through high DPPH radical scavenging activity and intracellular ROS activity inhibition measurement of the Psidium guajava leaf extract. The survival rate of B16F10 melanoma cells was more than 98% at all concentrations, and the cytoprotective effect from ultraviolet ray A was found to increase in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, in vitro tyrosinase activity inhibitory effect of 10% and melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effect of 20% were observed. Through less toxicity for B16F10 melanoma cell, high antioxidant activity, inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effect, we confirmed the possibility of developing the Psidium guajava leaf extract as a whitening functional cosmetic material with a safe and excellent whitening effect.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are widely implicated in the aging process and age-related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate scavenging activities of Junglans sinensis extract and its subfraction using fluorescent probes, DCF-DA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. Jungians sinensis was washed and crushed. The crushed Junglans sinensis was extracted 3times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 16 g. Scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ was measured by Kooy' method and ROS was measured by DCFDA assay. Junglans sinensis had the marked scavenging activites of $ONOO^-$, NO and $O_2^-$. Junglans sinensis scavenged $ONOO^-$ through electron donation and dose-dependently inhibited the nitration of bovine serum albumin by $ONOO^-$. Junglans sinensis also had ROS scavenging activity. Especially, ethylacetate fraction of Junglans sinensis showed the most effective scavenging activities for ROS and RNS. These results suggest that Junglans sinensis might be developed as an effective ROS and RNS scavenger Therefore, Junglans sinensis might be used as a preventive agent for the aging and relevant to aging of illness.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) is reported to induce oxidative stress. ROS generated by oxidative stress can potentially damage glial cells in the nervous system. Cordyceps militaris (CM), a kind of natural herb widely found in East Asia. In this study, we investigated the free radical scavenging activity of the CM extract and its neuroprotective effects in $H_2O_2$-induced C6 glial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: The ethanol extract of CM ($100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$) was used to measure DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radical scavenging activities. In addition, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced C6 glial cells were treated with CM at $0.5-2.5{\mu}g/mL$ for measurement of cell viability, ROS production, and protein expression resulting from oxidative stress. RESULTS: The CM extract showed high scavenging activities against DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radicals at concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Treatment of CM with $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in C6 glial cells significantly increased cell viability, and decreased ROS production. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression was down-regulated in CM-treated groups. In addition, the protein expression level of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) in $H_2O_2$-induced C6 glial cells was down-regulated upon CM administration. CONCLUSION: CM exhibited radical scavenging activity and protective effect against $H_2O_2$ as indicated by the increased cell viability, decreased ROS production, down-regulation of inflammation-related proteins as well as p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK protein levels. Therefore, we suggest that CM could play the protective role from oxidative stress in glial cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.462-469
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate total polyphenolic contents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effects of extracts from peels of ten Jeju native citrus fruits according to the harvest from August 2006 to February 2007. Total polyphenolic contents from methanol extracts of citrus peel were the highest in Jigak (Citrus aurantium) and Hongkyool (C. tachibana) by over 200 mg% in the unmatured period, from the late August to the late September, and all the citrus peels mostly decreased while ripening. Scavenging effect of superoxide anion radical showed good correlation with total polyphenolic contents. The unmatured periods of Hongkyool and Jigak were the highest with more than 60%. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was the highest in Sadoogam (C. pseudogulgul) at 73.8% in late August and the second highest activity was observed in Jigak at near 70%, and all the citrus peels decreased during ripening. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity were the highest among all the ROS scavenging activities, especially in the Jigak and Dangyooja (C. grandis) at 75.1% and 74.6%, respectively, and not much affected by increased maturity of the fruits. Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was the highest in Bungkyool (C. platymama) at 58.4% in late February, and increased with fruit ripening. In this study, Jigak was generally the highest in the polyphenolic contents and ROS scavenging activities, so the further studies are needed for industrial applications.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2008

The propose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of 80% ethanol extracts and various solvent fractions of dandelion (Taraxacmn officinale) leaves and roots, Total phenolics and phenolic acid contents were also examined. The total phenol content of leaves and roots were $7.9{\pm}0.4%$ and $9.4{\pm}0.3%$ respectively. Eight phenolic acids were separated by GC, among which caffeic acid (113.7 mg%)and m-coumaric acid (152.6 mg) were the dominant phenolic acids in leaves and roots, respectively. Amongst solvent functions of leaves and roots, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. A strong correlation was found between total phenol content and electron-donating ability, and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a similar trend as electron-donating ability. Hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than other factions. In particular, the SOD-like activity was highest (43.6%) in the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves, and was higher than that of trolox. Thus, the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion leaves exhibited significant phenol content, antioxidant activity, and free-radical-scavenging effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of two giant embryonic rices, Nampung giant embryonic rice and Hwachung giant embryonic rice, were investigated mainly focusing on their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge reactive oxygen species in comparison with those of general rice. The results showed that germination process increased reducing power, inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation and scavenging ability either on superoxide or hydroxyl radicals. Among the cultivars tested, increase in antioxidative action was found to be most prominent for Hwachung giant embryonic rice cultivar. For scavenging of superoxide radicals, the extract from Nampung giant embryonic rice has the most potent activity, however, increasing rate of scavenging activity by germination process was also found to be the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. We found that the scavenging mechanism for superoxide radicals was attributed to the direct scavenging of the radicals. The scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, the most toxic oxygen radical to biological system, by the rice extracts were also examined, and the results showed that either overall activity or the increasing rate of the activity to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by germination process was the greatest for Hwachung giant embryonic rice. Moreover, the results suggested that the scavenging action to hydroxyl radicals might be mediated by direct quenching of the radicals, not by chelating $Fe^{2+}$. Further studies showed that the antioxidant action of the rice extracts tested in vitro was also operative for suppressing ROS production induced in TPA-stimulated HL-60 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.447-458
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• 2024

In this study, the antioxidizing effect of 2,3-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DEQA) was investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging effect on DPPH radical and peroxynitrite and the reducing power on ferric ion. DEQA showed a scavenging effect and reducing power comparable to vitamin C used as a positive control. Also, DEQA effectively inhibited production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT-1080 cells, showing the scavenging ratio of 43.8% even at 10 µM concentration of DEQA after 2 hours in HT-1080 treated with H₂O₂. In addition to this, DEQA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) very effectively in Raw 264.7 cells. The above results suggest that DEQA has the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of Plantago asiatica L. Root extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant activity and whitening action. As a result of measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity to examine independent anti-oxidation of PRE, there was slight scavenging activity. Fluorescent materials DHE, DCF-DA and DHR were each used to measure superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroperoxide created in RAW 264.7 cells, all concentrations were found to dependently prevent ROS production. Tyrosinase activation was found to be blocked dose-dependant. Melanin production was also prevented dose-dependant, but the effects were slight. Therefore, it is expected to be used effectively in development of functional cosmetic materials.