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The Feasibility of the DKUH-75 Left Ventricular Assist Device for Acute Cardiogenic Shock in Pigs (돼지의 급성 심인성 쇼크 모델에서 DKUH-75 좌심실보조키의 유용성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Seong-Sik
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.40 no.3 s.272
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    • pp.168-179
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    • 2007
  • Background: The recent trend of an increasing number of patients with acute cardiogenic shock or chronic congestive heart failure following myocardial infarction, as well as the considerable number who can not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass after open heart surgery, call for immediate efforts to develop affordable ventricular assist devices that are suitable for the Korean physique. Recently, a pneumatic pulsatile ventricular assist device (VAD), named DKUH-75, has been developed by the Department of Biomedical Engineering, in collaboration with the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Dankook University College of Medicine. The feasibility of the DKUH-75 VAD was evaluated on the bases of common hemodynamic variables and echocardiographic measurements in pigs, which are subjected to an acute cardiogenic shock state following myocardial infarction, using a novel coronary artery ligation method employing the ischemic preconditioning concept. Material and Method: Acute cardiogenic shock was induced in 10 Yorkshire Landrace Duroc strain pigs by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery via an ischemic preconditioning process. The hemodynamic variables were monitored, with epicardial echocardiographic measurements performed before and one hour after the ligation. The DKUH-75 VAD was implanted into 5 pigs one hour after the onset of the shock. The hemodynamic variables and echocardiographic measurements were taken one hour after installation of the VAD. Result: The systolic, diastolic and mean systemic arterial pressures were significantly decreased in all the experimental animals one hour after the ligation. The systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures were increased (Eds note: this completely contradicts the preceding statement? However, if you mean the non-experimental animals this should be stated?). The left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased, but the cardiac index decreased, An increase in the left ventricular end systolic dimension and decreases in the fractional shortening and ejection fraction were observed all animals one hour after the coronary artery ligation. In all 5 of the VAD implanted pigs, the systolic and mean systemic arterial pressures were increased, and the pulmonary arterial pressures decreased one hour after the implantation; the LVEDP decreased, but the cardiac index was significantly increased, In the echocardiographic measurements, the left ventricular end systolic dimension decreased after the implantation of the VAD, but the fractional shortening and ejection fraction significantly increased. Conclusion: Significant improvements in the hemodynamic variables and echocardiographic measurements were observed in the 5 VAD implanted animals one hour after installation, which had been subjected to an acute cardiogenic shock state by ligation of the coronary artery, indicating that the DKUH-75 VAD could help in the recovery of the myocardial function. This suggests that the DKUH-75 VAD is feasible in the short term in relation to an acute cardiogenic shock state due to myocardial infarction.

Percutaneous Endovascular Stent-graft Treatment for Aortic Disease in High Risk Patients: The Early and Mid-term Results (고위험군의 대동맥류 환자에서 경피적으로 삽입이 가능한 스텐트 그라프트를 이용한 치료: 조기 및 중기성적)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho;Lim, Cheong;Park, Kay-Hyun;Chung, Eui-Suk;Kang, Sung-Gwon;Yoon, Chang-Jin
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 2008
  • Background: Aortic surgery for high risk patients has high mortality and morbidity rates, and the necessity of performing aortic surgery in cancer patients is questionable because of their short life expectancy. Endovascular repair of aneurysm repair can be considered for high risk patients and cancer patients because it has relatively lower invasiveness and shorter recovery times than aortic surgery does. Especially, percutaneous endovascular stent graft treatment is more useful for high risk patients because it does not require general anesthesia. Material and Method: From July 2003 to September 2007, twelve patients who had inoperable malignancy or who had a high risk of complication because of their combined diseases during aortic surgery underwent endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. he indications for endovascular repair were abdominal aortic aneurysm in 5 patients, descending thoracic aortic aneurysm in 6 patients and acute type B aortic dissection in one patient. The underlying combined disease of these patients were malignancy in 3 patients, respiratory disease in 6 patients, old age with neurologic disease in 6 patients, Behcet's iseae in one patient and chronic renal failure in one patient. Result: Stent grafts were inserted percutaneously in all cases. There were 4 hospital deaths and there were 3 delayed deaths during the follow-up periods. There were no deaths from aortic disease, except one hospital death. There were several complications: a mild cerebrovascular accident occurred in one patient, acute renal failure occurred in 2 patients and ischemic bowel necrosis occurred in one patient. Mild type I endoleak was observed in 2 patients and type II endoleak was observed in a patient after stent graft implantation. Newly developed type I endoleak was observed in a patient during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Percutaneous endovascular stent graft insertion is relatively safe procedure for high risk patients and cancer patients. Yet it seems that its indications and its long term results need to be further researched.

Deterimination of an Optimal Time Point for Analyzing Transcriptional Activity and Analysis of Transcripts of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 in Cultured Cell (배양세포에서 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR에 의한 조류인플루엔자 H9N2의 전사활성 분석 최적 시기 결정 및 전사체 분석)

  • Na, Gi-Youn;Lee, Young-Min;Byun, Sung-June;Jeon, Ik-Soo;Park, Jong-Hyeon;Cho, In-Soo;Joo, Yi-Seok;Lee, Yun-Jung;Kwon, Jun-Hun;Koo, Yong-Bum
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.286-290
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    • 2009
  • The transcription of mRNA of avian influenza virus is regulated temporally during infection. Therefore, the measurement of transcript level in host cells should be performed before viral release from host cells because errors can occur in the analysis of the transcript levels if the viruses released from the infected cells re-infect cells. In this study, the timing of viral release was determined by measuring the level of viral RNA from viruses released from H9N2-infected chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The viral genomic RNA was isolated together with mouse total RNA which was added to the collected medium as carrier to monitor the viral RNA recovery and to use its GAPDH as an internal control for normalizing reverse transcription reaction as well as PCR reaction. It was found that viral release of H9N2 in the chicken fibroblast cell line UMNSAH/DF-1 took between 16 and 20 h after infection. We measured all 8 viral mRNA levels. Of the 8 transcripts, 7 species of viral mRNAs (each encoding HA, NA, PB1, PB2, NP, M, NS, respectively) except PA mRNA showed robust amplification, indicating these mRNA can be used as targets for amplification to measure transcript levels. These results altogether suggest that the method in this study can be used for screening antiviral materials against viral RNA polymerase as a therapeutic target.

Superovulation Response by FSH Treatments in Hanwoo (FSH 투여 용량과 방법Ul 따른 한우의 과배란 처리 효율)

  • Choi, Soo-Ho;Park, Yong-Soo;Son, Woo-Jin;Lee, Joon-Hee;Rho, Gyu-Jin;Kim, Joo-Heon;Choe, Sang-Yong
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2007
  • The present study was carried out to assess the effect of superovulation response and efficiency of embryo production induced with injection of FSH dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG) in Hanwoo. Eighty-eight cows were divided into four groups. In group 1, cattle were intramuscularly treated with twice-daily administration of 50mg FSH for 4 days. Group 2 and 3 were subcutaneously single injection of 400mg and 200mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG, respectively. Group 4 were subcutaneously single injection of 200 mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG at 7 day after CIDR insertion. The number of corpus luteum (CL) in group 2 resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to group 1, 3 and 4 (18.5 vs. 11.2, 13.1 and 13.9, respectively). However, the number of total ova $(7.9{\sim}10.4)$, transferable embryos $(3.7{\sim}4.7)$, degenerate embryos $(1.9{\sim}3.5)$ and unfertilized ova $(1.8{\sim}2.7)$ did not differ among treatment groups. No difference was observed in pregnancy rate after transferring the recovered embryos among groups $(36.0{\sim}50.0%)$. In addition, blood progesterone concentrations at embryo recovery did not differ among all groups. In conclusion, although no differences were observed in the number of total ova, transferable embryos and pregnancy rate after transfer, a single injection of reduced dose of FSH (200mg FSH) at 7 day after CIDR insertion is more practical for superovulation treatments than frequent injection because of reduction of stress in Hanwoo and decreases of cost and laber.

Estimation of Rumen By-pass Rate of Chromium-methionine Chelates by Ruminal Bacteria Analysis (반추미생물 분석에 의한 Chromium-methionine Chelate의 반추위 By-pass율 추정)

  • Kim, C.H.;Park, B.K.;Park, J.G.;Kim, H.S.;Sung, K.I.;Shin, J.S.;Ohh, S.J.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.759-768
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    • 2005
  • The study was designed to estimate the in vitro rumen by-pass rate of both chromium methionine chelate as an organic supplement and $ClCl_3$ as an inorganic supplement. Rumen by-pass rates of the supplements were evaluted by comparing ruminal metabolites in rumen fluid and Cr and methionine contents in the body of ruminal microorganism. For in vitro digestion examination, basic nutrients for ruminal microbes were supplied with 7g(DM) of feed, 2g of rice straw, and 2g of corn silage per each incubation jar. Three treatments including Control(no supplementation of Cr), T1(1000ppb supplementation of $ClCl_3$) and T2(chromium methionine chelate supplementation equivalent to 1000ppb of Cr content) were prepared with five replications per each treatment. pH of T2 was lower than that of Control and T1 regardless of incubation time. Ammonia content was higher in T2 than in Control and T1 during first 6 hours of incubation. However, the ammonia content in Control was remained low after 6 hours. Total volatile fatty acids(VFA) content in control was increased constantly as incubation time was extended. Therefore, VFA content in T1 and T2 were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of Control. Dry matter recovery rate by ruminal microorganism was the lowest in T1, however ruminal microbial population was increased most efficiently in T2 during 12 hours of in vitro incubation. Cr concentrations in the body of ruminal microbes were not different(P>0.05) between Control and T2, but it was significantly high in T1(P<0.05). Contents of methionine and cystine in ruminal microbes also were not different between Control and T2(P>0.05), but it was relatively low in T1. Based on the above results, the chromium methionine chelate was believed to by-pass rumen and could remain intact until it reaches small intestine compared to inorganic chromium. This results implies that chromium methionine chelate could be more effective to function in the small intestine of ruminant animals.

A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder (견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome)

  • Jeon, Jae-Soo;Lee, Sung-Keun;Song, Hoo-Bin;Kim, Sun-Jong;Park, Wook;Kim, Sung-Yell
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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Total Spinal Block and Cortical Epidural Block for Whiplash Syndrome and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Report of Four Cases) (전척수(全脊髓) 및 경막외차단(硬膜外遮斷)으로 편타성(鞭打性) 손상(損傷)의 통증치험(痛症治驗) (4례(例) 보고(報告)))

  • Park, Wook;Ok, See-Young;Song, Hoo-Bin
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.106-119
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    • 1988
  • For the relief of pain in 3 cases of whiplash syndromes (case I, II and IV) and in one of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (case III), we have carried out six intentional. total spinal blocks (TSB) which attempted two times in case I, three in case II and one in carte III whoso various symptoms were chronically unresponsive to the usual conservative treatments, and a time of cervical epidural and right suprascapular nerve block in case W whose acute symptom lasted 4 drys following the cervical injury (see fables from 1 to 9). During the 753, we have observed clinically the sequential charges of respiration, lid and pupil reflexes, body motion and consciousness. And checked the blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial Pco2. The effectiveness of those blocks has been assessed by using the Visual Analog Scale which is designed to measure the patient$\acute{s}$ subjective intensity of pain and also we have found out the sequelae following those blocks. The methods of the blocks were as the following: 1. Under the N.P.O. for 8~10 hours, the preparations of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and premedication with atropine 0.5mg at thirty minutes before the TSB, it was performed by injecting the mixture of 2% mepivacaine 10 or 15ml and normal saline 10 or 5ml through No. 23 G. spinal needle into the subarachnoid space of $C_7-T_1$ interspinous region with fully flexed neck on the lateral posture. Immediately after the injection of the local anesthetic in the lateral position, the patient$\acute{s}$ were hasten to change Trendelenburg$\acute{s}$ position in order to act the drugs cephalad and to make easy controlled respiration with oxygen. 2. The cervical epidural block was done by injecting the mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine 4ml, normal saline 4ml and triamcinolone 15mg through No. 18 G. Tuohy needle into the epidural space on the same region and posture as the above without premedication.7he suprascapular nerve block was done by injecting of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml only into the right suprascapular fossa on the sitting posture. The results were as the following: 1. The cessation of respiration was seen within 5 minutes following the subarachnoidal injection of the above 20ml mixture in 2 to 3 minutes and then soon the consciousness began to disappear. The loss of Lid and pupil reflexes noted between 5 to 10 minutes and the size of the dilated pupils was equal between 5 to 20 minutes, but the pupil of the dependent side on tile lateral position was dilated 1 to 3 minutes earlier than that of the independent. The patients had r=ever responded to any stimulations during the TSB except their heart funtion. 2. The recovery of the TSB was as the following, firstly the ankle and lower limb of the independent side began to move slightly with in 34 to 75 minutes after the injection and then that of the dependent Secondly the neck and upper limb moved 6 to 15 minutes later than the lower limb. Thirdly the self respiration began to appear between 40 to 80 minutes from the block. The lid and pupil reacted to touch and light respectively between 40 to 80 minutes but the pupil of the independent side responded earlier than that of the depends. Lastly the consciousness recovered completely between 80 to 125 minutes from the block. 3. In the cardiopulmonary function during the TSB, the blood pressure were stable except the 210/130 tory at the and block of case I. There were bradycardias between 65 to 85 minutes in case I and II but no arrythmia on the EKG. The level of the arterial Pco2 was maintained to 43~45 torr during the TSB. 4. The effectiveness of the above blocks was no pain(0%) in case IV, and light (10~20%) in case I and II but no improvement in case III. 5. The right arm weakness has been complicated as to be Injected accidently the "COLD" local anesthetic at the End block of case I.

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Effect of Drying Temperature of Rough Rice on Grain and Eating Quality (벼의 건조온도가 미질과 식미에 미치는 영향)

  • ;Eun-Woong Lee;Yong-Woong Kwon;Jeon-Woo Bang
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.345-350
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    • 1991
  • Rough rice samples of Chucheongbyeo, Bongkwangbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo were collected by the National Agricultural Products Inspection Office. Drying methods of rough rice were sun drying and forced ventilation drying by an oven dryer and temperature of the oven dryer was set to 43, 60, 70, or 8$0^{\circ}C$. Moisture content of samples was reduced from ca. 20% to 15% at the end of drying, and additionally to 12.5 % for the drying at 8$0^{\circ}C$. Characteristics related to rice grain quality, milling recovery, ratio of broken and cracked rices, percentage of germination, and sensory scores of the cooked rices were evaluated. Yielding percentage of brown rice and polished rice remarkably decreased by drying at 8$0^{\circ}C$. Percentages of cracked rice and broken rice were within the criterion of the second grade government brown rice (20%) only in the sun dried and the rices dried at 43$^{\circ}C$, on the basis of damaged rice, opaque kernel rice and colored rice. Broken rice percentage of the polished rice was within the criterion for the standard of government rice (5%) in the sun dried and the rices dried at 43$^{\circ}C$. Germination percentage of rough rice was higher than 80% in sun drying and drying at 43$^{\circ}C$, but remarkably decreased by drying rice at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and over. Sensory palatability of the cooked rice decreased with increase in drying temperature. The present governmental method of judging rough rice on the basis of moisture content and appearance of the rough rice appears to be improved to include the ratio of broken and cracked rices.

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Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits and Residue Characteristics of Penthiopyrad and Pyriofenone in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Under Greenhouse Condition (시설 내 오이(Cucumis sativus L.) Penthiopyrad 재배 중 및 Pyriofenone의 잔류특성과 생산단계 잔류허용기준 설정)

  • Leem, Su-Bin;Kim, Ji-Yoon;Hur, Kyung-Jin;Kim, Hee-Gon;Hur, Jang-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND: Greenhouse crops are one of agricultural products consumed largely in Korea. Cucumber is a typical example as main vegetables of greenhouse crops. Thus, pesticide residue analysis is an important requirement to guarantee pesticide safety of cucumber. This work was aim to investigate the residues of penthiopyrad and pyriofenone in cucumber after harvest. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cucumber was subjected to treat with penthiopyrad and pyriofenone at a level of recommended dose 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days before harvest under greenhouse conditions. The samples were extracted with organic solvent by using a homogenizer and purified on solid phase cartridge column followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. The recovery levels of penthiopyrad and pyriofenoneranged from approximately 81 to 93% with the method limit of 0.005 mg/kg and coefficient of variation less than 10%. Penthiopyrad and pyriofenone were detected at a level less than maximum residue limit in cucumber at 10 days before. The half-lives of penthiopyrad and pyriofenone were determined to 2.4 ~ 2.6 days. CONCLUSION: Penthiopyrad and pyriofenone are suggested to use in cucumber 10 days before harvest to reach their levels less than maximum residue limit.

Simultaneous Determination of Water Soluble Vitamins B Group in Health Functional Foods etc. by HPLC (건강기능식품 등 중 수용성 비타민 B군의 HPLC를 이용한 동시분석법)

  • Kim, Seon Hee;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Hwa Jung;Oh, Jae Myoung;Lee, Sung Hye;Bahn, Kyeong Nyeo;Seo, Il Won;Lee, Young Joo;Lee, Jin Hee;Kang, Tae Seok
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.143-149
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to simultaneous analysis methods for water soluble vitamins B group (vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$) which is used as health functional foods etc. Analytical methods of water-soluble vitamins B group by HPLC were established through instrumental analytical conditions, and the examination of data such as domestic and foreign reliable methods, and papers of journal. HPLC method analyzing water soluble vitamins B group was established using Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 column in 270 nm through test of columns. The validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, accuracy, limits of quantification (LOQ) and repeatability for water soluble vitamins B group. An excellent linearity ($r^2=0.999$) was observed for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$ in the concentration range ($0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/mL$). Observed recovery of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be between 100 and 103%, vitamin $B^2$ was found to be between 104 and 112%, nicotinic acid was found to be between 82 and 85%, nicotinamide was found to be between 121 and 124% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be between 95 and 104%. LOQ of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be $0.04{\mu}g/mL$, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinic acid was found to be $0.15{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinamide was found to be $0.08{\mu}g/mL$ and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be $0.63{\mu}g/mL$. Repeatability precision for vitamin $B_1$ was found to be 0.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be 0.4%, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.5%, nicotinamide was found to be 0.7% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be 0.4% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, verify the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis methods, we monitored the labeled contents of the health functional foods and children's preferred foods.