• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 1996

The properties of TiN/TiSi$_{2}$ bilayer formed by a rapid thermal annealing is investigated when thin SiO$_{2}$ film exists at the Ti-Si interface. The competitive reaction for the TiN/TiSi_2 bilayer occurs above 600 .deg. C. The thickness of the TiSi$_{2}$ layer decreases with increasing SiO$_{2}$ film thickness and also decreases with increasing anneal temperture When the competitive reaction for the TiN/TiSi$_{2}$ bilayer is occured by rapid thermal annealing, the composition of TiN layer represents TiN$_{x}$O$_{y}$ due to the SiO$_{2}$ layer at the Ti-Si interface but the structures of the TiN and TiSi$_{2}$ layers were not changed.d.d.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.737-743
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• 1995

Two step RTD(Rapid Thermal Diffussion) of P into silicon wafer using tungsten halogen lamp was used to fabricated very shallow n$^{+}$p junction. 1st RTD was performed in the temperature range of 800.deg. C for 60 see and the heating rate was in the 50.deg. C/sec. Phosphrous solid source was transfered on the silicon surface. 2nd RTD process was performed in the temperature range 1050.deg. C, 10sec. Using 2 step RTD we can obtain a shallow junction 0.13.mu.m in depth. After RTD, the Ti-silicide process was performed by the two step RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) to reduced the electric resistance and to improve the n$^{+}$p junction diode. The titanium thickness was 300.angs.. The condition of lst RTA process was 600.deg. C of 30sec and that of 2nd RTA process was varied in the range 700.deg. C, 750.deg. C, 800.deg. C for 10sec-60sec. After 2 step RTA, sheet resistance was 46.ohm../[]. Ti-silicide n+p junction diode was fabricated and I-V characteristics were measured.red.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2007

Cause of high lethality and dissemination to human being, new development of rapid method for the detection of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) is still necessary. For the detection of AIV subtype H5N1, typical pathogenic AIV, new method to confirm sub-typing of this virus is also needed. For the purpose of ultra-rapid detection and sub-typing of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of AIV, this study was planned. As the results we could demonstrate an ultra-rapid multiplex real-time PCR (URMRT PCR) for the detection of AIV In this study, the URMRT PCR were optimized with synthesized AIV H5- and AIV Nl-specific DNA templates and GenSpector TMC, which is a semiconductor process technology based real-time PCR system with high frequencies of temperature monitoring. Under eight minutes, the amplifications of two AIV subtype-specific PCR products were successfully and independently detected by 30 cycled ultra-rapid PCR, including melting point analysis, from $1{\times}10^3$ copies of mixed template DNA. The URMRT PCR for the detection of AIV H5N 1 developed in this study could be expected to apply not only detections of different AIVs, but also various pathogens. It was also discussed that this kind of the fastest PCR based detection method could be improved by advance of related technology in near future.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 2000

Objective: To document the imaging findings of hepatic cavernous hemangioma detected in cirrhotic liver. Materials and Methods: The imaging findings of 14 hepatic cavernous hemangiomas in ten patients with liver cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed. A diagnosis of hepatic cavernous hemangioma was based on the findings of two or more of the following imaging studies: MR, including contrast-enhanced dynamic imaging (n = 10), dynamic CT (n = 4), hepatic arteriography (n = 9), and US (n = 10). Results: The mean size of the 14 hepatic hemangiomas was 0.9 (range, 0.5-1.5) cm in the longest dimension. In 11 of these (79%), contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging showed rapid contrast enhancement of the entire lesion during the early phase, and hepatic arteriography revealed globular enhancement and rapid filling-in. On contrast-enhanced MR images, three lesions (21%) showed partial enhancement until the 5-min delayed phases. US indicated that while three slowly enhancing lesions were homogeneously hyperechoic, 9 (82%) of 11 showing rapid enhancement were not delineated. Conclusion: The majority of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas detected in cirrhotic liver are small in size, and in many, hepatic arteriography and/or contrast-enhanced dynamic CT and MR imaging demonstrates rapid enhancement. US, however, fails to distinguish a lesion of this kind from its cirrhotic background.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 1993

Peroxidase activity of cytochrome P-450 was examined using N, N-dimethylaniline (NDA) as a substrate and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as an oxidant. The initial rates of the N-demethylation for varied concentrations of NDA (0.05-0.5 mM) by P-450 at different fixed concentrations of CHP (0.02-0.2 mM) were determined. The results suggest that P-450 proceeds its peroxidative reaction by the rapid equilibrium random bi bi mechanism to form a ternary complex with substrate and oxidant as an active intermediate.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

Transparent Cuprous oxide film was deposited by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) of Cu at $500^{\circ}C$/45s condition on textured single-crystal n-Si substrate to form $Cu_2O$/n-Si heterojunction photodiode. The Hall effect measurements for the $Cu_2O$ films showed a p-type conductivity. The photovoltaic and electrical properties of the junction at room temperature were investigated without any post-deposition annealing. I-V characteristics revealed that the junction has good rectifying properties. The C-V data showed abrupt junction and a built-in potential of 1 V. The photodiode showed good stability and high responsivity in the visible at three regions; 525 nm, 625-700 nm, and 750nm denoted as regions A, B, and C, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of Ecklonia cava ethanol extract (ECE) on sleep architecture and sleep profiles. ECE was orally administered at a dose of 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg to C57BL/6N mice and its effects were measured by recording electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram. Administration of ECE (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly induced non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) without affecting rapid eye movement sleep. The increase in NREMS by ECE (500 mg/kg) was significant (P < 0.05) during the first 2 h after administration. In addition, ECE had no effect on EEG power density (an indicator of sleep quality) in NREMS. These results suggest that ECE induces NREMS in a manner similar to physiological sleep.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.152-155
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• 2011

Even though nano-scale materials were very advantageous for various applications, there are still problems to be solved such as the stabilization of surface state and realization of low contact resistances between a semiconducting nanowire and electrodes in nano-electronics. It is well known that the effects of contacts barrier between nano-channel and metal electrodes were dominant in carrier transportation in individual nano-electronics. In this report, it was investigated the electrical properties of GaN nanorod devices after chemical etching and rapid thermal annealing for making good contacts. After KOH wet-etching of the contact area the devices showed better electrical performance compared with non-treated GaN individual devices but still didn't have linear voltage-current characteristics. The shape of voltage-current properties of GaN devices were improved remarkably after rapid thermal annealing as showing Ohmic behaviors with further bigger conductivities. Even though chemical etching of the nanorod surfaces could cause scattering of carriers, in here it was shown that the most important and dominant factor in carrier transport of nano-electronics was realization of low contact barrier between nano-channel and metal electrodes surely.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2011

The HCCI engines have been known with high efficiency and low pollution and can be actualized as the new internal combustion engines. However, As for(??) the ignition and combustion depend strongly on the oxidation reaction of the fuel, so it is difficult to control auto-ignition timing and combustion duration. Purpose of this paper is creating the database for development of multi-dimensional simulation and investigating the influence of different molecular structure. In this research, the effect of n-heptane mole ratio in fuel (XnH) on the ignition delay from homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) has been investigated experimentally. By varying the XnH, it was possible to ascertain whether or not XnH is the main resource of ignition delay. Additionally, the information on equivalence ratio for varying XnH was obtained. The tests were performed on a RCM (Rapid Compression Machine) fueled with n-heptane and iso-octane. The results showed that decreasing XnH (100, 30, 20, 10,0), the ignition delays of low temperature reaction (tL) and high temperature reaction (tH) is longer. And the temperature of reaction increases by about 30K. n-heptane partial equivalence ratio (fnH) affect on tL.and TL. When ${\phi}$nH was increased as a certain value, tL was decreased and TL was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 2013

This study presents both experimental and numerical investigation of ignition delay time of n-heptane and n-butanol binary fuel. The $O_2$ concentration in the mixture was set to 9-10% to make high exhaust gas recirculation( EGR) rate condition which leads low NOx and soot emission. Experiments were performed using a rapid compression machine(RCM) at compressed pressure 20bar, several compressed temperature and three equivalence ratios(0.4, 1.0, 1.5). In addition, a numerical study on the ignition delay time was performed using CHEMKIN codes to validate experimental results and predict chemical species in the combustion process. The results showed that the ignition delay time increased with increasing the n-butanol fraction due to a decrease of oxidation of n-heptane at the low temperature. Moreover, all of the binary fuel mixtures showed the combustion characteristics of n-heptane such as cool flame mode at low temperature and negative-temperature-coefficient(NTC) behavior. Due to the effect of high EGR rate condition, the operating region is reduced at lean condition and the ignition delay time sharply increased compared with no EGR condition.