• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors determining the turnover intention of nurses in Emergency Department (ED). Methods: The subjects were 123 ED nurses working at 10 general hospitals in Busan, Korea. The data were collected from August 15th to September 22nd, 2013. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program through descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There were positive correlations between traumatic events experience and post-traumatic stress (r=.416, p<.001), between depression and traumatic events experience (r=.212, p=.001), between traumatic events experience and turnover intention (r=.289, p=.001), between post-traumatic stress and depression (r=.251, p=.005), and also between depression and turnover intention (r=.315, p<.001). Factors influencing turnover intention were depression and traumatic events experience with $R^2$ value 16.7%. Conclusion: Considering these results, it seems that the important factors determining the turnover intention of nurses in ED are depression and traumatic events experienced by nurses. Therefore, an active plan is needed to develop strategies for reducing nurses' depression and traumatic events experienced by nurses.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of psychological acceptance and social support on posttraumatic growth in stomach cancer patients. Methods: The questionnaires were administered from January 14 to February 11, 2015 to 123 subjects who had stomach cancer surgery six months prior. SPSS statistics 21.0 software was used to analyze the data for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, Scheffé test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of this study are as follows: The major factors related to posttraumatic growth included gender (t=-2.72, p=.007), age (r=-.21, p=.016), having a religion (t=-3.40, p<.001), perceived importance of religion (r=.43, p<.001), seriousness of cancer diagnosis (r=.25, p=.005) and impact of cancer diagnosis (r=.32, p<.001). There were significant relationships between psychological acceptance (r=.18, p=.041) and social support (r=.32, p<.001) on posttraumatic growth. Significantly influential factors of posttraumatic growth were age (β=-.19, p=.021), perceived importance of religion (β=.41, p<.001) and family support (β=.29, p<.001), which together accounted for 36.5% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. Conclusion: The result of current study indicated that age, importance of religion, and family support influenced posttraumatic growth. Based on the findings of this study, developing nursing intervention programs focusing on increasing posttraumatic growth in stomach cancer patients is recommended.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.120-123
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• 2020

Transparent photovoltaics (PV) are used in various applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, crystalline silicon (c-Si) is not used for developing transparent PV due to its opaque nature. Here. we fabficate the three holes in 6-inch c-Si solar cells using laser scribing process with an opening area ratio of about 6.8% for transparent c-Si solar modules. Moreover, we make the shingled strings using the perforated cells. Our 7 interconnected shingled string PV cells with 21 holes show a solar to power conversion of 5.721 W. In next work, we will fabricate a transparent c-Si PV module with perforated strings.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.123-126
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• 2001

종합적인 공정 제어 자동화 시스템 구현을 위해 계층적이고 개방형 방식에 의한 시스템 구축이 이루어지고 있다. 상위 계층 시스템은 하위 계층 제어 시스템의 제어기 설정치를 결정하는 방법으로 다양한 의사결정(Decision Making)방법을 도입하여 하위 계층 시스템과 연계하여 계층적인 종합 공정 제어 자동화 시스템 구축을 시도하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상위 계층 시스템 구현을 위해 신경회로망 방식을 채택한 상위 지능형 제어 시스템을 제안하여 연속형 프로세스의 최적 의사 결정을 효과적으로 할 수 있도록 하였고 이를 실현화 하는데 있어 UML방식의 객체지향 설계방식을 도입함으로써 시스템의 재 사용성 및 확장성을 가지는 개방형 상위 의사 결정 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템을 수처리 연속 공정인 약품주입 공정에 적용하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.698-706
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• 2004

Heat transfer coefficients of enhanced tubes in a flooded evaporator are measured through Wilson Plot method. And the correlations are proposed to design a flooded evaporators. Overall heat transfer coefficients are composed of the heat transfer coefficients both inside and outside tubes. Usually the experiments have been conducted separately. But there have been many difficulties like setting up the equipments and measuring the wall temperature. Wilson Plot method makes it possible to measure the separated transfer coefficients at the same equipment through experimental skills. So the cost and time can be reduced. And the results are reliable enough to use for design. Heat transfer coefficients inside the tube were able to be correlated uniquely in spite of various outside conditions. Boiling heat transfer of R134a is more dependent on the saturation temperature and much higher than that of R123.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-123
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• 2002

This study develops a Korean R&D Scoreboard which has originated from the R&D Scoreboard in United Kingdom. The Scoreboard contains details of the R&D investment, sales, growth, profits and employee numbers for Korean companies which are extracted from company annual reports and key ratios calculated, with some movements over time. Companies are classified by the Korea Standard Industrial Classification. The Scoreboard contains 190 companies which consist of 100 largest companies and 30 middle-or small-sized firms listed in Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), and 30 ventures and 30 other firms listed in KOSDAQ. The overall company R&D intensity (R&D as a percentage of sales) is 2.1% compared to the international average of 4.2%. Korea has an unusually large R&D percentage of sales in IT hardware (4.9%) and telecommunication (3.7%). R&D intensity is positively correlated with company performance measures such as profitability, sales growth, productivity and market value. For largest companies listed in KSE and ventures listed in KOSDAQ, the ratio of operating profit to sales is greater for high R&D intensity companies. Sales growth is in proportion to R&D intensity for all companies. Plots of value added per employee or sales per employee vs R&D per employee rise together for the sectors studied, especially for the chemical sectors and automobile sectors, demonstrating a correlation with productivity. The average market value of high R&D companies in the KSE has risen more than 1.6 times that of the KOSPI 200 index. Given the correlation between R&D intensity and company performance and given that R&D is a smaller percentage of surplus (profits plus R&D) than international level (both overall and in several sectors), the challenges facing Korean companies are to maintain the leading position in IT hardware and telecommunication, and to increase the intensity of R&D in many medium-intensive R&D sectors where Korea has an average intensity well below international or US levels.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2012

Paint Spray is developed as a direct sampling ionisation method for mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer-based surface coatings. The technique simply involves applying an external high voltage (5 kV) to the wetted sample placed in front of the mass spectrometer inlet and represents a much simpler ionisation technique compared to those currently available. The capabilities of Paint Spray are demonstrated herein with the detection of four commercially available hindered amine light stabilisers; TINUVIN${(R)}$770, TINUVIN${(R)}$292, TINUVIN${(R)}$123 and TINUVIN${(R)}$152 directly from thermoset polyester-based coil coatings. Paint Spray requires no sample preparation or pre-treatment and combined with its simplicity requiring no specialised equipment makes it ideal for use by non-specialists. The application of Paint Spray for industrial use has significant potential as sample collection from a coil coating production line and Paint Spray ionisation could enable fast quality control screening at high sensitivity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2008

The five flavonoids, isoqueritrin, juglanin, astragalin and 2-O-trans-p-coumaroyl astragalin were quantitatively analyzed in the leaves, unripe- and ripe fruits of four Korean Rubus species including Rubus crataegifolius, R. pungens var. oldhami, R. parvifolius, and R. coreanus belonging to the Rosaceae family. The HPLC analysis demonstrated that flavonoids are more abundant in the leaves than in the fruits. In the four Rubus species, ripe fruits generally contained similar or more amount of flavonoids than in unripe fruits. In particular, the quantity levels of total flavonoid (49.81${\pm}$0.50 mg/g) and isoquercitrin (35.08${\pm}$0.37 mg/g) were highest in the leaf of R. crataegifolius. In addition, the content of the flavonoids were quite low in the unripe fruits of R. coreanus that is most widely used as Rubi Fructus.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect nursing organizational culture and happiness index on turnover intention among nurses. The subjects of this study were 377 nurses who were working at 3 general hospitals in B city. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from July 1 to August 28 of 2013. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS Win 20.0 using descriptive methods, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression. Turnover intention were significant negative correlation for affiliative oriented organizational culture(r=-.137, p=.008), happiness index(r=-.290, p<.001). There were significant positive correlation for innovative oriented organizational culture(r=.123, p=.017), rank oriented organizational culture(r=.126, p=.015), task oriented organizational culture(r=.218, p<.001). Factors affecting for turnover intention were happiness index(${\beta}$=-.297, p<.001), rank oriented organizational culture(${\beta}$=.266, p<.001), nursing experience(${\beta}$=.199, p=.009), affiliative oriented organizational culture(${\beta}$=-.142, p=.034). The explained variances for were turnover intention among nurses 17.2%. Based on the study consider to development and education program of happiness index and affiliative oriented organizational culture for nurses in the hospital setting.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.571-580
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• 2008

In this work, pool boiling heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of 5 refrigerants of differing vapor pressure are measured on horizontal smooth square surface of 9.52 mm length. Tested refrigerants are R123, R152a, R134a, R22, and R32 and HTCs are taken from $10\;kW/m^2$ to critical heat flux of each refrigerant. Wall and fluid temperatures are measured directly by thermocouples located underneath the test surface and by thermocouples in the liquid pool. Test results show that pool boiling HTCs of refrigerants increase as the heat flux and vapor pressure increase. This typical trend is maintained even at high heat fluxes above $200\;kW/m^2$. Zuber's prediction equation for critical heat flux is quite accurate showing a maximum deviation of 21% for all refrigerants tested. For all refrigerant data up to the critical heat flux, Stephan and Abdelsalam's well known correlation underpredicted the data with an average deviation of 21.3% while Cooper's correlation overpredicted the data with an average deviation of 14.2%. On the other hand, Gorenflo's and lung et al.'s correlation showed only 5.8% and 6.4% deviations respectively in the entire nucleate boiling range.