• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2004

By a tremendous expansion of Internet users, there's a number effects that cause the phenomenon of bottlenecked switching packets from routers. In order to tear down this problem, distributed system is applicable to almost every highly performed router systems. The main processor of distributed system, which manages routing table, commands IPC to delivering the forwarding table line processor that eases functionalities of the router. This makes the system having wired-speed forwarding function based on the hardware so that the performance of the network can be enhanced. Therefore, IPC, which assign a part of router, is necessary to exchange data smoothly and the constitution of IPC using Ethernet is widely adapted as a method for saving investment. In this paper, R-IPC mechanism improve the packet-processing rate over 10% through changed from defect of conventional Ethernet IPC, that is, 2 layer processing to TCP/IP or UDP/ IP into 1 layer processing for efficient packet forwarding.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1392-1399
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• 2005

This study evaluated the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-TC), ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or a combination on the extent of mitochondrial injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were pretreated with $\alpha$-TC (20 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 3 days before sustained ischemia. A rat liver was preconditioned with 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, and was then subjected to 90 min of ischemia followed by 5 h or 24 h of reperfusion. I/R increased the aminotransferase activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, whereas it decreased the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity. $\alpha$-TC and IPC individually attenuated these changes. $\alpha$-TC combined with IPC ($\alpha$-TC+IPC) did not further attenuate the changes. The mitochondrial glutathione content decreased after 5 h reperfusion. This decrease was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The significant production of peroxides observed after 10 min reperfusion subsequent to sustained ischemia was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The mitochondria isolated after I/R were rapidly swollen. However, this swelling rate was reduced by $\alpha$­TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. These results suggest that either $\alpha$-TC or IPC reduces the level of mitochondrial damage associated with oxidative stress caused by hepatic I/R, but $\alpha$- TC combined with IPC offers no significant additional protection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.99-117
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method of using national R&D patents' CoIPC networks to identify interdisciplinary trends of technology areas related to Korean national R&D. While previous research analyzed interdisciplinarity of national R&D with simple bibliometric descriptions, this research uses the network-based indexes to analyze its interdisciplinarity from the viewpoints of interdisciplinary "diversity of coupling" and "strength of coupling". In this research, this proposed method was used to form a R&D CoIPC network from the Korean national R&D patents registered from 2007 to 2010. It is expected that the proposed method can be incorporated into a system for a national R&D trend analysis, and used to identify the issues of technology convergence in national R&D and formulate its related research policies.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.369-381
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• 2022

Objectives: Hyperlipidemia (HL) is a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. The size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a cardioprotective phenomenon, is reduced in HL, possibly because of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). The objective of this study is to see what effect pretreatment with Inula racemose Hook root extract (IrA) had on IPC-mediated cardioprotection on HL Wistar rat hearts. An isolated rat heart was mounted on the Langendorff heart array, and then ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and IPC cycles were performed. Atractyloside (Atr) is an MPTP opener. Methods: The animals were divided into ten groups, each consisting of six rats (n = 6), to investigate the modulation of I. racemosa Hook extract on cardioprotection by IPC in HL hearts: Sham control, I/R Control, IPC control, I/R + HL, I/R + IrA + HL, IPC + HL, IPC + NS + HL, IPC + IrA+ HL, IPC + Atr + oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, integrity, and hemodynamic parameters are evaluated for each group. Results: The present experimental data show that pretreatment with IrA reduced the LDH, CK-MB, size of myocardial infarction, content of cardiac collagen, and ventricular fibrillation in all groups of HL rat hearts. This pretreatment also reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of MPTP opening by Atr diminished the effect of IrA on IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that pretreatment with IrA e restores IPC-mediated cardioprotection in HL rats by inhibiting the MPTP opening.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2016

A technology is continuously developed in a rapidly changing global market. A company requires an appropriate R&D strategy for adapting to this environment. That is, the technologies owned by the company needs to be thoroughly analyzed to improve its competitiveness. Alternatively, technology classification using IPC codes is carried out recently in an objective and quantitative way. International Patent Classification, IPC is an internationally specified classification system, so it is helpful to conduct an objective and quantitative patent analysis of technology. In this study, all of the patents owned by company C are investigated and a matrix representing IPC codes of each patent is created. Then, a structured association map of the patents is made through association rules mining based on Confidence. The association map can be used to inspect the current situation of a company about patents. It also allows highly associated technologies to be clustered. Using the association map, this study analyzes the technologies of company C and how it changes with time. The strategy for future technologies is established based on the result.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

This study attempted to analyze technology convergence structure and key technology research sectors in bio-health. For this, network analysis was performed based on the patent outcomes achieved through national R&Ds. Then, a patent network was analyzed to derive problems and collect data from the National Science & Technology Information Service. With the five groups obtained through the analysis of IPC network and national R&D patents in bio-health based on a research frame network, topics were chosen based on the bio-healthcare technology system. Then, the technology with the greatest ripple effects was derived and compared to other sectors, suggesting a direction for national R&D investments. It is anticipated that this study would make a contribution to a search for R&D investment direction by additionally analyzing overseas patent data and improving correlation analysis between technology convergence and government-led R&D expenses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.294-302
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• 2009

In this paper, the trend of technology and the business strategy on 'Hearing Aids' are investigated for the industry promotion of medical devices based on IT engineering from the 316 patents of 'Hearing Aids' registered in Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO). The classification of technology on 'Hearing Aids' is performed according to the IPC(International Patent Classification) code to and the core technology of 'Hearing Aids' As the results of classification of IPC code, the number of patents with IPC code 'H04R', 'H04B', 'H01M', and 'A61F' are 160, 46, 40, and 19 respectively. We found that the Digital technology and the Medical Transplants technology are come to the front of 'Hearing Aids' and the foreign 'Hearing Aids' companies are filed an application with the Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO) before their business.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

Modern GPU can execute general purpose computation on the graphic processing unit, and provide high performance by exploiting many core on GPU. To run AES algorithm efficiently, parallel computational resources are required. However, computational resource of CPU architecture are not enough to cryptographic algorithm such as AES whereas GPU architecture has mass parallel computation resources. Therefore, this paper reduce the time to execute AES by employing parallel computational resource on GPGPU. Unfortunately, AES cannot utilize computational resource on GPGPU since it isn't suitable to GPGPU architecture. In this paper, IPC based dynamic SM management technique are proposed to efficiently execute AES on GPGPU. IPC based dynamic SM management can increase and decrease the number of active SMs by using IPC in run-time. According to simulation results, proposed technique improve the performance by increasing resource utilization compared to baseline GPGPU architecture. The results show that AES improve the performance by 41.2% on average.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2004

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been accepted as a heart protection phenomenon against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The activation of ATP-sensitive potassium $(K_{ATP})$ channels and the release of myocardial nitric oxide (NO) induced by IPC were demonstrated as the triggers or mediators of IPC. A common action mechanism of NO is a direct or indirect increase in tissue cGMP content. Furthermore, cGMP has also been shown to contribute cardiac protective effect to reduce heart I/R-induced infarction. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that $K_{ATP}$ channels attenuate DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage in an in vitro model of I/R utilizing rat ventricular myocytes. We estimated DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage by mean of single cell gel electrophoresis with endonuclease III cutting sites (comet assay). In the I/R model, the level of DNA damage increased massively. Preconditioning with a single 5-min anoxia, diazoxide $(100\;{\mu}M)$, SNAP $(300\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP) $(100\;{\mu}M)$ followed by 15 min reoxygenation reduced DNA damage level against subsequent 30 min anoxia and 60 min reoxygenation. These protective effects were blocked by the concomitant presence of glibenclamide $(50\;{\mu}M)$, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) $(100\;{\mu}M)$ and 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP) $(100\;{\mu}M)$. These results suggest that NO-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway contributes to cardioprotective effect of $K_{ATP}$ channels in rat ventricular myocytes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2017

In this paper, we analyze the research / technology trends of electric vehicles from 2001 to 2014, through keyword analysis using paper data published in SCIE or SSCI Journal on electric vehicles, time series analysis using patent data by IPC, and network analysis using nodeXL. also we predicted promising technologies of electric vehicles using one of the prediction methods, weighted moving average method. As a result of this study, battery technology among the electric vehicle component technologies appeared as a promising technology.