• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.131-134
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Sasang Constitution and length of chest and abdomen region. Methods : Forty eight participants were enrolled. Weight, height, and lengths from CV22 to CV16, from CV16 to CV8, and from CV8 to CV2 were measured. Ratios of last three lengths to total CV22 to CV2 were calculated respectively. On the other hand, Sasang Constitution was analyzed with QSCCII(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitutional Classification II). The analysis of relationship between the measurements and Sasang Constitution was carried out with SPSS to compare the mean values according to Sasang Constitution. Results : All the mean values were not significantly different depending on the Sasang Constitution, except the ratio of the length from CV16 to CV8 to the length from CV22 to CV2, only in female participants. The ratio was higher in the female Soeumin participants than any other constitutional groups. Conclusions : This result showed that Soeumin could be assumed that they might have weak digestion abilities.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.104-115
• /
• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the premenstrual symptoms according to Sasang constitution and to utilize for understanding the characteristics of Sasang constitution. Methods Thirty one female university students participated in this study and Sasang Constitution and patterns of premenstrual symptoms was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II and premenstrual symptoms screening tool, respectively. For statistical analysis, chi-square test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in menstrual symptoms between Sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher body mass index in severe PMS(Premenstrual Symptoms) group than normal/mild PMS group, and Soyang in and Soeumin are vice versa. Taeumin showed depressed mood and hopelessness, decreased interest in school activities, Soyangin showed decreased interest in home activities, and Soeumin showed decreased interest in social activities. In terms of interfered functional activities, Soyangin had increased feeling overwhelmed or out of control and Taeumin and Soeumin had increased hypersomnia. Conclusion Menstrual symptoms are different among Sasang constitutional types based on PSST(Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool). These results may serve as the basis in identifying and treating premenstrual syndromes related to Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.63-75
• /
• 2011

Objectives : One's mind is turned over by environment and personal relationship. This Emotion is called Chiljung in Oriental Medicine. Sasang Constitution is sorted each Emotion by Nature & Emotion(性情). So, this study aimed at figuring out the relations on Sasang Constitution, and emotion traits of oriental medicine students by EEQ and CISS(as named Mood scale). Methods : 199 students of Dongshin university oriental medicine were tested by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution ClassificationII(QSCCII) and Mood scale. In this study is used 156 students' data, except 43 students' one for research. 156 students are classified four groups by QSCCII. The degree of emotion was determined by Mood scale. These data ware analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Multiple comparison, Correlation, Regression with SPSS windows 15.0. Results : 1. Soeumin has high score on EEQ more than Soyangin. 2. Sasang constitution make no difference on CISS, except emotion-oriented coping in not classify group. 3. It has influence on Emotional express by Sasang constotution that Task-oriented coping, EEQ and CISS. Conclusions : Sasang constitution has significant difference on Emotional express.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.181-220
• /
• 1998

1. PURPOSE This is a quantitative analysis of Sasang Constitution by measuring human body except face. This study is carried out for the purpose of searching out the theory of Sa-cho and the morphologic theory of Sasang Constitution. 2. METHOD (1) SUBJECTS Subjects are 338 person came to Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (KyungHee Oriental Medical Center) and Oriental Medicine and Western Medicine Cooperative Health Examination Center (KyungHee Medical Center) from October 1997 to Jauary 1998. The mean age is $41.7{\pm}12.39$. (2) CLASSIFICATION OF SASANG CONSTITUTION QSCCII(Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification) is used for the Classification of Sasang Constitution. The distributions of Sasang Constitution Classification are Soeumin 83, Soyangin 98, and Taeumin 157. (3) MEASURING INSTRUMENT & ITEMS Length, Breadth, Circomferece, and Skinfold thickness of each body segment are measured by Martin's measuring instrument and Skinfold Caliper. Measured items of this study is based on Lohman's methods and is added new items. (4) DATA ANALYSIS The Volume, Weight, Rate, and Index of each group are calculated by using measuring items. The difference of each group is analyzed by SPSS 7.0 for Win. 3. RESULT (1) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of TAEUMIN First of all, the Taeumin has a emormous morphology. His trunk is huge but head-neck and limbs is small. The volume and weight of head-neck is smaller than other body segments but the volume and weight of upper-abdomen is bigger than ones. (2) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of SOEUMIN The Soeumin has a small morphology. His head-neck rate is bigger than Taeumin's but his trunk rate is smaller than Taeumin's. And his lower limbs rate is bigger than other constitution but it's not a significant difference. His neck is thinest and longgest than others. His chest is thin and narrow. His lower-abdomen rate is bigger than other constitution but it's difference is not significant. (3) THE MORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC of SOYANGIN Soyangin has a middle size at head-neck and chest part. But the rate of upper limb is higer than other constitution. And the rate of lower-abdomen part is lower than other constitution. but that's not significant.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.239-255
• /
• 1996

The study was conducted for the purpose of finding out an objective classification method for the Sasang Constitutional medicine, which divides people into 4 groups of constitution and presents comprehensively physiology, pathology, diagnosis, theraphy and recuperation fit to each constitution. Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution collected during 9 months from March 1995 to November 1995. For the purposes of this study, the collected data were analyzed by crosstabs, variation analysis, discrimination analysis. The analyzing program was SPSS PC+V4.0. The results were as follows : 1. QSCC consists of the authorized questions studied by te oriental medicine specialists based on "four groups" given the diagnosis of Sasang Constitution Classification and variation analysis by scores of body constitution. 2. When human's body constitution is classified on the basis of QSCC scores of body constitutions and classified by the absolute size, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-In 17.3%, Tae-Em-In 26.4%, So-Em-In 74.2%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 39.3%. 3. When human's body constitution is classified on the basis of QSCC scores of body constitutions and clasified by the relative size, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-In 40.5%, Tae-Em-In 29.1%, So-Em-In 49.2%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 39.6%. 4. If the diagnosis of body constitution applies to the people after discrimination formula applies to them before the scores of body constitution is correctly analyzed, group cases correctly classified was So-Yang-in 50.5%, Tae-Em-In 36.9%, So-Em-In 55.9%, Tae-Yang-In 100%. However, the number of examples are rare. Average percent of "group" cases correctly classified was 44.03%. 5. As discrimination formula is applied and analyzed based on the questions of higher percent of reaction freqency, So-Yang-in 61.4%, Tae-Em-In 48.8%, So-Em-In 62.0%. Average percent of group cases correctly classified was 54.91% and it was percent increased compared to chance probability. 6. Therefore, it comes to the conclusion if we utilize QSCC, we are able to predict Sasang Constitution.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to validate the Sasang Digestive function Inventory (SDFI) and Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) which measures the pathophysiolgoical symptoms and temperament of each Sasang types. The SDFI, SPQ along with Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCCII) were measured with 191 College students. The correlation coefficient was measured with Pearson correlation between SDFI and SPQ. The SDFI and SPQ subscale score of each Sasang constitution groups based on QSCCII were compared using analysis of variance and profile analysis. The SDFI and SPQ total score of So-Eum Sasang type were significantly (p<0.001) different compared to those of Tae-Eum and So-Yang type, respectively. The SDFI and SPQ profile of each Sasang type group was significantly (p<0.001) different each other in profile analysis. There were no significant correlation (r=.126, p>0.05) between SDFI and SPQ total score, however the SDFI-Digestion scale showed significant correlation with SPQ subscales. We found that the SDFI and SPQ can measure the Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptoms and temperaments, and it would be useful for the clinical application and interdisciplinary research when combined together.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study was done for comparing the result of Sasang constitution diagnosis using portable Ryodoraku and that of self-report questionare for Sasang constitution classification II QSCC II. Methods : We investigated 41 cases to collect the data. we analyzed the result of portable Ryodoraku and self-report(QSCC II). Results : 1. The degree of agreement between those results from portable Ryodoraku and QSCC II was statistically significant. 2. The dgree of agreement between those results from portable Ryodoraku and QSCC II was statistically significant in male and female. Conclusions : It is suggested that portable Ryodoraku should be available for diagnosing Sasang constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2012

1. Objectives : In Sasang constitutional medicine, it has been known that diagnosing Sasang constitution correctly is mostly important. We had developed an Integrated Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool (SCAT) ${\beta}$-version using face, voice, body shape and questionnaire before. The purpose of this study is to suggest whether SCAT ${\beta}$-version is reliable or not. 2. Methods : We collected 371 subjects from 6 oriental medical clinics. We analyzed the Sasang constitutional diagnostic results using Kappa and coincidence rates between experts in Sasang constitution and SCAT ${\beta}$-version which was developed on the basis of face, body shape, voice and characteristics and symptom questionnaire data. 3. Results : The agreement rates between SCAT ${\beta}$-version and experts was 69.3% in total, and 73.2%, in Taeeumin, 70.8% in Soeumin, and 56.9% in Soyangin in detailed. The Kappa was 0.510 (p value<.000). There was an increasing trend of agreement rates and kappa value corresponded to increasing constitutional probability. When The constitutional probabilities were changed from below 40%, to over 40%, 50%, 60%, the agreement rates corresponded from 50.8% to 79.5%, 91.4%, 95.7% respectively. 4. Conclusions : A SCAT combined with a constitutional probability seemed to help experts to diagnose a patient's Sasang constitution correctly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.215-225
• /
• 2003

Purpose: Sasang constitutional medicine is Korea's creative medical science, that has attracted public attention. But for lack of indices in objectifying constitutions, there are difficulties for most of health professionals in approaching Sasang medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of clinical diagnostic data according to the type of Sasang constitution. Method: The subjects were 195 examinees who had a general health check-up at A hospital. The instrument used for this study were Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Class II(QSCCII) program for personal computer developed by Kim Sun Ho et al. Result: The distribution of constitutions of the subjects were the So-eum 46.7%, the Tae-eum 36.9% and the So-yang 16.4%. The level of body compositionrelated indices(body weight, obesity) of the Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of other constitutions. In heart-related indices, systolic BP were the highest in the Tae-eum. In liver-related indices, the level of triglyceride, SGPT were significantly higher in the Tae-eum. But the hematologic indices and lung-related indices were not showed significantly difference among any constitutions. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were significant difference of clinical diagnostic data according to Sasang constitutions, especially in the Tae-eum. So, to understand the human nature of nursing clients, nurses need to apply the oriental based medical theory, like Sasang constitution, to the discipline of nursing.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.23-42
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of somatization psychological mechanism among Sasang constitution. Methods : Subjects were seventy four students of Won-Kwang university responded the questionnaire. We evaulated the subjects using Minnesota Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II(QSCC II), Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale(SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire(SIQ) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire(SCQ). Results : From the results of Clinical scale of MMPI-2, the scores of 2nd, 9th, 10th scales was significantly difference. In Lesser Yin group 10th score was the significantly highest of the others, 1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th score were the highest but not significant. and From the results of PSY-5 scale(The Personality Psychopathology Five scale) of MMPI-2, In Lesser Yin goup, INTR(Introversion/Low Positive Emotion) score was significantly highest, PSYC(psychoticism), NEGE (Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism) was higher than the others. In TAS-20K, SSAS, SIQ and SCQ Lesser Yin group was not significantly difference. but Lesser Yin group had the tendency of difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking and higher score in physical and psychological interpretation. We observed generally lower levels of stress coping strategy scores than the others. Conclusions : These results showed that Lesser Yin group tend to somatization compared other constitution.