• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.737-743
• /
• 1995

연구배경: 기계호흡을 하고 있는 환자에서 폐렴은 흔히 일어나는 병원 감염이며 사망률도 높은 것으로 알려져 있으나 임상적인 폐렴 진단 기준이나 일반적으로 시행하는 객담의 정성배양법은 폐렴 진단에 오류가 많기 때문에 PSB를 이용한 정량배양법이 진단에 이용되고 있으나, PSB를 쉽게 이용할 수 없는 경우가 있어 비교적 용이하게 이용할 수 있는 EA의 정량배양의 진단적 가치에 대하여 연구하였다. 방법: 72시간 이상 기계호흡을 하고 있는 환자중 임상적으로 폐렴이 의심되는 환자 10명과, 대조군 5명을 대상으로 EA와 PSB를 이용하여 추출한 객담을 정량 배양하였다. 결과: EA와 PSB의 정량배양에서 폐렴의 진단 기준을 각각 $10^5cfu/ml$, $10^3cfu/ml$으로 정할때 PSB에서 민감도 70%, 특이도 80%, 양성예측치 88%, 음정예측치 57%, 정확도 73%, EA에서 민감도 70%, 특이도 60%, 양성예측치 78%, 음성예측치 50%, 정확도 67%였다. 결론: 저자들의 조사결과 기계호흡을 하는 환자의 폐렴진단에서 객담의 정량배양시 cut-off point를 EA에서 $10^5cfu/ml$ 이상 배양된 경우로 정할때, 민감도 70%, 특이도 60%, 양성예측도 78%로서 특이도가 EA 보다 높은 PSB를 대치하지는 못하지만 기관지 내시경을 사용할 수 없는 환자에서 유용하리라고 추측되나 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.1928-1935
• /
• 2015

Microbial growth kinetics is often used to optimize environmental processes owing to its relation to the breakdown of substrate (contaminants). However, the quantification of bacterial populations in the environment is difficult owing to the challenges of monitoring a specific bacterial population within a diverse microbial community. Conventional methods are unable to detect and quantify the growth of individual strains separately in the mixed culture reactor. This work describes a novel quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based genomic approach to quantify each species in mixed culture and interpret its growth kinetics in the mixed system. Batch experiments were performed for both single and dual cultures of Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli K12 to obtain Monod kinetic parameters (μ_max and K_s). The growth curves and kinetics obtained by conventional methods (i.e., dry weight measurement and absorbance reading) were compared with that obtained by qPCR assay. We anticipate that the adoption of this qPCR-based genomic assay can contribute significantly to traditional microbial kinetics, modeling practice, and the operation of bioreactors, where handling of complex mixed cultures is required.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.154-164
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this theses is to review Hanliu phenomenon, a kind of social and cultural phenomenon, in China around A. D. 2000 in the view of the culture-diffusion theory, and analyze its effect to the fashion style of the new young generation of China. In this theses, Hanliu phenomenon means the enthusiasm of Asian people for Korean mass cultures such as Korean dramas, pop songs and fashions from late 1990's. This research adopts two kinds of methods for analyzing Hanliu phenomenon: a qualitative research method and a quantitative one. As a qualitative research method, we analyzed Hanliu phenomenon with several sources of documentaries and audio-visual materials on it. As a quantitative research method, we conducted a survey of about 100 university students in Beijing for how they feel of korean culture and fashions. The Hanliu phenomenon leads to the popularity of Korean products and the general Korean cultures. Also, it affected the Chinese young generation so much that the Korean fashion becomes popular among them. Its effects to the fashion styles of Chinese youths can be summarized in three factors as follows. Firstly, the fashions of Korean entertainers such as H.O.T hair style and Hip-hop fashion style are widely imitated. Secondly, the preference of Korean fashion products has been widely increased. The number of stores dealing with Korean fashion products has been increased. Finally, Korean culture and products have actively been imitated in China according to the increased popularity of Korean fashion products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1246-1256
• /
• 2015

Chlamydophila psittaci is an important intracellular pathogen. Persistent infection is an important state of the host-parasite interaction in this chlamydial infection, which plays a significant role in spreading the organism within animal populations and in causing chronic chlamydiosis and serious sequelae. In this study, a C. psittaci persistent infection cell model was induced by penicillin G, and real-time quantitative PCR was used to study the transcriptional levels of 10 C. psittaci genes (dnaA, dnaK, ftsW, ftsY, grpE, rpsD, incC, omcB, CPSIT_0846, and CPSIT_0042) in acute and penicillin-G-induced persistent infection cultures. Compared with the acute cultures, the penicillin-G-treated cultures showed a reduced chlamydial inclusion size and a significantly decreased number of elementary body particles. Additionally, some enlarged aberrant reticulate body particles were present in the penicillin-G-treated cultures but not the acute ones. The expression levels of genes encoding products for cell division (FtsW, FtsY) and outer membrane protein E encoding gene (CPSIT_0042) were downregulated (p < 0.05) from 6 h post-infection onward in the persistent infection cultures. Also from 6 h post-infection, the expression levels of DnaA, DnaK, IncC, RpsD, GrpE, and CPSIT_0846 were upregulated (p < 0.05); however, the expression level of OmcB in the persistent infection was< almost the same as that in the acute infection (p > 0.05). These results provide new insight regarding molecular activities that accompany persistence of C. psittaci, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of C. psittaci infection.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2007

식물현탁배양세포의 whole cell extract의 $^1H$ NMR 스펙트럼 데이터로부터 통계분석기법을 활용하여 GABA의 간단하고 신속한 정량분석방법을 확립하였다. 이 기술을 활용하여 고등식물 8종의 9개 세포주를 MS 배지에 1 mg/L의 2,4-D를 첨가한 배지에 유지하였을 때 고수 (Coriandrum sativum L.)가 가장 많은 양의 GABA를 생산하였다. 고수 현탁배양세포로부터 2,4-D농도 및 배양기간에 따른 GABA의 생산성 변화를 조사한 결과 현탁배양세포를 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 배지에서 3주간 배양된 현탁배양세포를 이용할 경우 GABA 함량이 건중량 1 g 당 16.9 mg으로 가장 높게 생산되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 간단하고 신속한 분석법으로 다양한 식물자원으로부터 GABA의 생산성을 초고속탐색(high-throughput screenig)할 수 있을 것이며 고수 현탁세포배양법으로 GABA의 상업적 대량생산이 가능할 것으로 전망된다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.374-380
• /
• 2004

Production of therapeutic proteins by transgenic plant cell suspension cultures is an attractive system alternative to the other expression system. However, plant cell cultures have shown low expression level of foreign proteins and decreased cell viability by the changes of culture conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance cell viability during the culture period. In this study, a quantitative analysis technique was designed to measure relative cell viability for plant suspension cells which have cell wall and aggregates. It was found that the programmed cell death of plant cells by apoptosis was essentially linked with the apoptotic pathway of animal cells. Therefore, effects of nicotinamide, 3-aminobenzamide and antioxidants on cell viability and apoptosis were examined in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cells producing hGM-CSF. With those additives, cell viability could be maintained and apoptosis could be redued. In the result, the extracellular production of hGM-CSF could be enhanced 2.5 fold. It was also found that the supplementation of glutathione and ascorbic acid suppressed both the cold stress-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase of total genomic DNA fragmentation.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2016

Staphylococcus aureus cultures exposed to rotating magnetic field (RMF) were studied in order to analyse the possible induced changes in staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (se) expression. Liquid cultures of S. aureus strains carrying different se were exposed to the RMF of magnetic frequency 50 Hz and magnetic induction 34 mT for 10 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Three time points of bacterial growth cycle were considered for RNA extractions. Gene expression analyses were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR method. The present study confirmed, that the RMF can stimulate the growth rate of S. aureus cultures in comparison to the unexposed controls, while the stimulation is not strain dependent. The studies have also shown, that the RMF, depending on the exposure time but regardless the bacterial strain, can influence on the expression of various se. In general, except for sea, as a result of bacterial exposure to the RMF through subsequent growth phases, the expression of se decreased, reaching the values below results recorded for unexposed controls. In the case of sea expression remained at a lower level as compared to the control, regardless the time of exposition.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2000

To study the effects of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by hydrogen peroxide $(H_{2}O_{2})$ on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay, NR assay, neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assay for lipid peroxidation were used in cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons derived from mice, Spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ for 5 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of $H_{2}O_{2}$ was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows. 1. In NR assay and MTT assay, $H_{2}O_{2}$ significantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons according to exposure concentration in these cultures. An additional time course study was done on these cultures. 2. Cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons which were exposed to various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ showed a quantitative decrease of neuronal cells by EIA and of total protein by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while they showed an increase of both lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. 3. The effect of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in both neurofilament and total protein, but showed a decrease of lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. These results suggest that $H_{2}O_{2}$ has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU), was very effective in protecting $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity by decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH activity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권12호
• /
• pp.886-890
• /
• 2009

유아를 '이해한다'는 것은 최근 유아교육에서 매우 중요한 한 이슈가 되고 있다. 이는 유아를 발달단계상 특징으로만 이해하는 것에는 한계가 있으며, 기존의 양적 연구방식만으로는 해결할 수 없는 심층적 이해가 필요하다는 공감에서 비롯된 것이다. 본 연구에서는 유아를 총체적으로 이해하기 위한 하나의 방식으로서 해석학적 관점으로 유아문화 읽기를 제안하였다. 이를 통해 우리의 이해 대상인 유아의 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래를 포함한 심층적 이해와 해석이 가능하며, 그들의 삶과 문화를 공유하는 하나의 소통 방식이 되길 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1280-1286
• /
• 2011

A quantitative, real-time PCR method was developed to enumerate Lactobacillus plantarum IWBT B 188 during the malolactic fermentation (MLF) in Grauburgunder wine. The qRT-PCR was strain-specific, as it was based on primers targeting a plasmid DNA sequence, or it was L. plantarum-specific, as it targeted a chromosomally located plantaricin gene sequence. Two 50 l wine fermentations were prepared. One was inoculated with 15 g/hl Saccharomyces cerevisiae, followed by L. plantarum IWBT B 188 at $3.6{\times}10^6$ CFU/ml, whereas the other was not inoculated (control). Viable cell counts were performed for up to 25 days on MRS agar, and the same cells were enumerated by qRT-PCR with both the plasmid or chromosomally encoded gene primers. The L. plantarum strain survived under the harsh conditions in the wine fermentation at levels above $10^5$/ml for approx. 10 days, after which cell numbers decreased to levels of $10^3$ CFU/ml at day 25, and to below the detection limit after day 25. In the control, no lactic acid bacteria could be detected throughout the fermentation, with the exception of two sampling points where ca. $1{\times}10^2$ CFU/ml was detected. The minimum detection level for quantitative PCR in this study was $1{\times}10^2$ to $1{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml. The qRT-PCR results determined generally overestimated the plate count results by about 1 log unit, probably as a result of the presence of DNA from dead cells. Overall, qRT-PCR appeared to be well suited for specifically enumerating Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures in the MLF in wine.