• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to compare 3 extraction methods including, solid phase extraction (SPE), acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction, for their usefulness as extraction methods to determine capsaicinoids. The determination of capsaicinoids in the extracts was carried out on a reverse-phased high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector. Three extraction methods, i.e., SPE, acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction were compared for the quantification of capsaicinoids using raw peppers and pepper powder. The highest analytical values were observed using methanol extraction and the lowest values using SPE. Also, the analytical method validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity were calculated to ensure the method's validity. This method provides a fast and accurate approach for the determination of capsaicinoids in peppers.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.6
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• 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute approximately half of Bovine genome. They can be a powerful species-specific marker without regression mutations by the structure variation (SV) at the time of genomic evolution. In a previous study, we identified the Hanwoo-specific SV that was generated by a TE-association deletion event using traditional PCR method and Sanger sequencing validation. It could be used as a molecular marker to distinguish different cattle breeds (i.e., Hanwoo vs. Holstein). However, PCR is defective with various final copy quantifications from every sample. Thus, we applied to the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) platform for accurate quantitative detection of the Hanwoo-specific SV. Although samples have low allele frequency variation within Hanwoo population, ddPCR could perform high sensitive detection with absolute quantification. We aimed to use ddPCR for more accurate quantification than PCR. We suggest that the ddPCR platform is applicable for the quantitative evaluation of molecular markers.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2009

A rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay method was developed for the determination of topotecan levels in rat serum. The assay utilized a single liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of ethy l acetate and acetonitrile (6:1 v/v) and isocratic elution. The multiple reaction monitoring was based on the transition of m/z 422.0$\rightarrow$376.5 for topotecan and 315.1$\rightarrow$226.6 for clomipramine (internal standard). The developed assay was validated to demonstrate the specificity, recovery, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy and precision. The assay was linear over a concentration range from 0.5-100 ng/mL, with LLOQ being 0.5 ng/mL using a small volume of rat serum (0.1 mL). The mean intra- and inter-day assay accuracy was 87.7-111.0% and 97.8-108.3, respectively, and the mean intra- and interday precision was between 1.6-4.3% and 3.8-10.3, respectively. The developed assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study after a bolus i.v. injection of topotecan in rats.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4272-4279
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• 2022

In this study, a cross section stochastic sampling (S.S.) capability is implemented into both the McCARD continuous energy Monte Carlo code and MIG multiple-correlated data sampling code. The ENDF/B-VII.1 covariance data based 30 group cross section sets and the SCALE6 covariance data based 44 group cross section sets are sampled by the MIG code. Through various uncertainty quantification (UQ) benchmark calculations, the McCARD/MIG results are verified to be consistent with the McCARD stand-alone sensitivity/uncertainty (S/U) results and the XSUSA S.S. results. UQ analyses for Three Mile Island Unit 1, Peach Bottom Unit 2, and Kozloduy-6 fuel pin problems are conducted to provide the uncertainties of k_eff and microscopic and macroscopic cross sections by the McCARD/MIG code system. Moreover, the SNU S/U formulations for uncertainty propagation in a MC depletion analysis are validated through a comparison with the McCARD/MIG S.S. results for the UAM Exercise I-1b burnup benchmark. It is therefore concluded that the SNU formulation based on the S/U method has the capability to accurately estimate the uncertainty propagation in a MC depletion analysis.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

This study reports for the first time about a stability indicating RP-HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative determination of acalabrutinib in bulk and dosage form and in presence its impurities 1, 2 and 3. The chromatographic separation was carried on Zorbax XDB-C18 (250×4.6 mm; 5 µ id) as stationary phase, Phosphate buffer pH 6.4 and methanol 80:20 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, UV detection was carried at wavelength of 238 nm and the analysis was completed with a run time of 15 min. In these conditions the retention time of acalabrutinib and its impurities 1, 2 and 3 was observed to be 3.50, 4.83, 8.40 and 9.93 min respectively. The method was validated for system suitability, range of analysis, precision, specificity, stability and robustness. Spiked recovery at 50 %, 100 % and 150 % was carried for both standard and impurities and the acceptable % recovery of 98-102 was observed for acalabrutinib and both impurities studied and the % RSD in each spiked level was found to be less than 2. Stability tests were done through exposure of the analyte solution to five different stress conditions i.e expose to 1N hydrochloric acid, 1 N sodium hydroxide, 3 % peroxide, 80 ℃ temperature and UV radiation at 254 nm. In all the degradation condition, standard drug acalabrutinib was detected along with both the impurities studied and the degradation products were successfully separated. In the formulation analysis there is no other chromatographic detection of other impurities and formulation excipients. Hence the developed method was found to be suitable for the quantification of acalabrutinib and can separate and analyse impurities 1 and 2.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2274-2278
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• 2011

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and is classified as a class IV anti-arrhythmic agent. It is used in the control of supra ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and in the management of classical and variant angina pectoris. It is also used in the treatment of hypertension and used as an important therapeutic agent for angina pectoris, ischemic heart disease, hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Verapamil commonly co-administered with NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) i.e. diclofenac sodium, flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, mefanamic acid and meloxicam. A simple and rapid RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination and quantification of verapamil and NSAIDs was developed and validated. The mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile: water (55:45) whose pH was adjusted at 2.7 and pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 mL $min^{-1}$ at 230 nm. The proposed method is simple, precise, accurate, low cost and least time consuming for the simultaneous determination of verapamil and NSAIDs which can be effectively applied for the analysis of human serum.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2010

경제성장과 함께 삶의 질이 향상됨에 따라 도로 계획 및 설계분야에서도 기능 중심의 설계에서 이용자들의 시각 및 심리적 특성인 감성을 고려한 경관 중심의 설계로 변화하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양하게 조사된 감성형용사들을 개인의 감성인지 특성 차이를 최소화 하면서 객관적이고 합리적인 추출 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 먼저 어의구별법(Semantic Differential)의 5점 척도에 의해 조사된 감성형용사를 바탕으로 기존 연구에서 사용한 요인분석과 본 연구에서 제안하는 판별분석을 통해 감성형용사를 추출하고 상관 분석을 통해 대표적인 감성형용사를 추출한 후 수량화 I 모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 구축된 수량화 모형을 이용하여 만족도를 예측한 후 실제 관측 만족도와의 쌍체비교 검증을 통하여 판별 및 상관분석에 의한 방법이 실제 관측 만족도와 가장 유사한 것으로 분석되어 연속적인 도로경관 설계시 판별 상관분석에 의해 적용가능한 감성요인을 파악하는 것이 적합한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2002

Apoptosis can be difficult to detect in routine histological sections. Since extensive DNA fragmentation is an important characteristic of this process, visualization of DNA breaks could greatly facilitate the identification of apoptotic cells. Several techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of this process have been established; recently, an in situ nick end-labelling technique based on the detection of DNA fragmentation, which is a molecular characteristic of apoptotic cell death, was described. Applying this method to paraffin sections of rat tissues, sensitivity was observed to be inconsistently low with regard to the expected number of apoptotic cells. I describe a new modified method for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, pretense pretreatment to permeate the tissue sections that involves an TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling) is acknowledged as a method of choice in the rapid identification and quantification of the apoptotic cell fraction in paraffin tissue preparations. TUNEL was performed without apoptosis and with apopotosis samples to each of the three concentrations of proteinase K (10, 25, 40 mg/ml) pretreatments. In this study, I show that chemical pretreatments of the tissue sections in proteinase K (25 mg/ml for 15 min at room temperature) considerably enhances the sensitivity of this nick end labelling technique.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Laser light microscopy enables observation of various simultaneously occurring events in living cells. This capability is important for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of the molecular interactions underlying such events. Two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy (two-photon microscopy), a technology based on multiphoton excitation, is one of the most promising candidates for such imaging. The advantages of two-photon microscopy have spurred wider adoption of the method, especially in neurological studies. Multicolor excitation capability, one advantage of two-photon microscopy, has enabled the quantification of spatiotemporal patterns of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and single episodes of fusion pore openings during exocytosis. In pancreatic acinar cells, we have successfully demonstrated the existence of "sequential compound exocytosis" for the first time, a process which has subsequently been identified in a wide variety of secretory cells including exocrine, endocrine and blood cells. Our newly developed method, the two-photon extracellular polar-tracer imaging-based quantification (TEPIQ) method, can be used for determining fusion pores and the diameters of vesicles smaller than the diffraction-limited resolution. Furthermore, two-photon microscopy has the demonstrated capability of obtaining cross-sectional images from deep layers within nearly intact tissue samples over long observation times with excellent spatial resolution. Recently, we have successfully observed a neuron located deeper than 0.9 mm from the brain cortex surface in an anesthetized mouse. This microscopy also enables the monitoring of long-term changes in neural or glial cells in a living mouse. This minireview describes both the current and anticipated capabilities of two-photon microscopy, based on a discussion of previous publications and recently obtained data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2023

In this study, a DeCART/MIG uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis code system with a multicorrelated cross section stochastic sampling (S.S.) module was established and verified through the UAM (Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling) and the BEAVRS (Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations) benchmark calculations. For the S.S. calculations, a sample of 500 DeCART multigroup cross section sets for two major actinides, i.e., ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U, were generated by the MIG code and covariance data from the ENDF/B-VII.1 evaluated nuclear data library. In the three pin problems (i.e. TMI-1, PB2, and Koz-6) from the UAM benchmark, the uncertainties in k_inf by the DeCART/MIG S.S. calculations agreed very well with the sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) perturbation results by DeCART/MUSAD and the S/U direct subtraction (S/U-DS) results by the DeCART/MIG. From these results, it was concluded that the multi-group cross section sampling module of the MIG code works correctly and accurately. In the BEAVRS whole benchmark problems, the uncertainties in the control rod bank worth, isothermal temperature coefficient, power distribution, and critical boron concentration due to cross section uncertainties were calculated by the DeCART/MIG code system. Overall, the uncertainties in these design parameters were less than the general design review criteria of a typical pressurized water reactor start-up case. This newly-developed DeCART/MIG UQ analysis code system by the S.S. method can be widely utilized as uncertainty analysis and margin estimation tools for developing and designing new advanced nuclear reactors.