• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2018

To easily understand and systematically express the behaviors of the industrial systems, various system modeling techniques have been developed. Particularly, the importance of system modeling has been greatly emphasized in recent years since modern industrial systems have become larger and more complex. Multilevel flow modeling (MFM) is one of the qualitative modeling techniques, applied for the representation and reasoning of target system characteristics and phenomena. MFM can be applied to industrial systems without additional domain-specific assumptions or detailed knowledge, and qualitative reasoning regarding event causes and consequences can be conducted with high speed and fidelity. However, current MFM techniques have a limitation, i.e., the dynamic features of a target system are not considered because time-related concepts are not involved. The applicability of MFM has been restricted since time-related information is essential for the modeling of dynamic systems. Specifically, the results from the reasoning processes include relatively less information because they did not utilize time-related data. In this article, the concepts of time-to-detect and time-to-effect were adopted from the system failure model to incorporate time-related issues into MFM, and a methodology for enhancing MFM-based reasoning with time-series data was suggested.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.457-463
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• 2005

The use of the internet to facilitate commerce among companies promises vast benefits. Lots of e-marketplaces are building for several industries such as chemistry, airplane, and automobile industries. This study proposed new B2B EC business model for the shipping industry which concerns relatively massive fixed assets to be fully utilized. To be successful the proposed model gives participants to support useful information. To do this the expert system is constructed as the hybrid prediction system of neural network (NN) and memory based reasoning (MBR) with self-organizing map (SOM) and knowledge augmentaton technique using qualitative reasoning (QR). The expert system supports participants useful information coping with dynamic market environment. with this transportation companies are induced to participate in the proposed e-marketplace and helped for exchanges easily. Also participants would utilize their assets fully through B2B exchanges.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2005

The use of the internet to facilitate commerce among companies promises vast benefits. Lots of e-marketplaces are building for several industries such as chemistry, airplane, and automobile industries. This study provides the new B2B EC business model for the shipping industry which concerns relatively massive fixed assets to be fully utilized. To be successful the proposed model gives participants useful information. To do this the expert system is constructed with the hybrid prediction system of neural network (NN) and memory based reasoning (MBR) with self-organizing map (SOM) and knowledge augmentation technique using qualitative reasoning (QR). The expert system supports participants useful information coping with dynamic market environment. with this shipping companies are induced to participate in the proposed e-marketplace and helped for exchanges easily. Also participants would utilize their assets fully through B2B exchanges.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1324-1331
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• 1999

물체의 공간에서의 운동을 다루는 공간 추론의 연구에서 충돌을 이해하는 것은 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 정성적 충돌 이론과 추론 기법을 소개하고자 한다. 충돌 해석에 있어 관련된 물체의 공간적 속성과 운동방향의 상호작용을 분석하여 충돌로 인한 힘과 운동 방향의 전달을 계산하였다. 추론 과정에 있어서는 충돌이 갖는 특성인 불연속적인 변화에 대한 분석과 회전 운동으로 인한 변화의 분석이 소개되었다. 제안된 충돌 이론과 추론 기법은 구현되어 자동차 충돌 사고의 충돌에 적용되어 유효성을 입증할 수 있었다. Abstract Understanding collision is important in spatial reasoning problems that study the motions of objects. This paper introduces qualitative collision theory and reasoning techniques. Force and motion transfers are computed by analyzing the interactions of the spatial properties and motions of the objects. This paper also presents inference techniques for handling discontinuous changes and angular changes by rotation. These theories and inference techniques are implemented and applied to real car-to-car collision accidents. The test results verify the reliabilities of our techniques.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2004

This paper offers an analysis of how students reasoned with the dynamic parameter time to support their mathematical activity and deepen their understandings of mathematical concepts. This mathematical thinking occurred as they participated in a differential equations class before, during, and instruction on solutions to linear systems of differential equations. Students participated in the following identified mathematical practices related to parametric reasoning during this time period: reasoning simultaneously in a qualitative and quantitative manner, reasoning by moving from discrete to continuous imaging of time, and reasoning by imagining the motion. Examples of this reasoning are provided in this report. Implications of this research include the possibility that instructional activities can build on this reasoning to help students learn about the mathematics of change at the middle school, high school, and the university.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

This study explores how elementary school students construct food pyramid prediction models using scientific reasoning. Thirty small groups of sixth-grade students in the Kyoungki province (n=138) participated in this study; each small group constructed a food pyramid prediction model based on scientific reasoning, utilizing prior knowledge on topics such as biotic and abiotic factors, food chains, food webs, and food pyramid concepts. To understand the scientific reasoning applied by the students during the modeling process, three forms of qualitative data were collected and analyzed: each small group's discourse, their representation, and the researcher's field notes. Based on this data, the researcher categorized the students' model patterns into three categories and identified how the students used scientific reasoning in their model patterns. The study found that the model patterns consisted of the population number variation model, the biological and abiotic factors change model, and the equilibrium model. In the population number variation model, students used phenomenon-based reasoning and relation-based reasoning to predict variations in the number of producers and consumers. In the biotic and abiotic factors change model, students used relation-based reasoning to predict the effects on producers and consumers as well as on decomposers and abiotic factors. In the equilibrium model, students predicted that "the food pyramid would reach equilibrium," using relation-based reasoning and model-based reasoning. This study demonstrates that elementary school students can systematically elaborate on complicated ecology concepts using scientific reasoning and modeling processes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the application of clinical reasoning throughout clinical and therapeutic knowledge of clinical pediatric physical therapists under physician prescriptions. Methods: Purposive sampling techniques were used in selection of nine clinical pediatric physical therapists in South Korea. Open and semi structured interviews were conducted, and were thoroughly examined and reviewed, followed by analysis of the clinical reasoning portion. Results: Pediatric physical therapists have been influenced by information gathering, physical function and evaluation of their patients, hypothesis-orientation, and re-evaluation and self-monitoring. Novice physical therapists were more dependent on physician prescriptions and parent's hope than the result of their own evaluation and critical pathway. Middle experienced pediatric physical therapists were more dependent on rapport with children and their parents. Highly experienced pediatric physical therapists were more reliant on hypothesis-orientation and self-monitoring. As reports on clinical experience of pediatric physical therapists have accumulated, clinical reasoning of pediatric physical therapists has been influenced by their experience, such as education, clinical pathology conference, their own clinical experience and rapport with patients and their parents than physicians' prescriptions. Conclusion: The findings of the current study are generally consistent with existing research on clinical reasoning. The results of the current study may be used by educators for enhancement of clinical reasoning abilities and knowledge of students or novices as well as development of a guide for use by suitable novices or students, and could provide important information for use in physical therapy practice and research.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1998

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of elementary school student's reasoning strategies used in proportional tasks. Three hundred and ninety elementary students were sampled to investigate their reasoning strategies used in Pouring Water Tasks. Results showed that 4 percentage of students used proportional reasoning strategy. By the way, about 80 % of students used qualitative guess or additive strategies to solve proportion tasks. Further, about fifth-grade or 11-year-old students began to use proportional reasoning strategy. Also, female and malt students' development of reasoning strategies improved from 1st grade across 5th grade and from 6-year-old across 11-year-old. However, female did not show the improvement of strategy development after 5th-grade or 11-year-old. However, male students showed a continuous improvement after the grade or age. In addition, students showed developmental patterns of spurts and plateau, ra thor than a linear developmental pattern. The present study also discussed educational implications of this findings in school curriculum.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.819-838
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• 2016

본 연구는 비와 비율에 대한 기본적인 내용을 배운 5학년 학생들과 비례와 비례식 및 형식적인 전략까지 배운 6학년 학생들의 비례추론 능력을 비교 분석하고, 초등학교의 비례 추론 지도를 위한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 5학년 131명과 6학년 138명 학생들을 대상으로 다양한 과제로 구성된 비례 추론 검사를 실시하여 성취도와 전략을 분석하고, 일부 면담을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 5학년과 6학년 학생들의 평균은 다소 차이는 있었으나 크지 않았고, 과제 유형별로는 5, 6학년 모두 기하 과제보다는 대수 과제, 질적 과제보다는 양적 과제, 비교 과제보다는 미지값 과제에서 높은 점수를 보였으며, 5, 6학년 모두 형식적 전략보다는 인수 전략과 단위 비율 전략 같은 비형식적 전략을 훨씬 더 많이 사용하였고, 비례 상황과 비 비례 상황을 구분하는 데는 여전히 어려움이 있었다. 이런 결과를 바탕으로 학생들의 비례 추론 지도를 위한 시사점으로 다양한 비례 추론 과제의 도입과 학생들의 유연한 전략의 중시를 제안하였다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.774-779
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 단위 추론 작업들 간의 순차 처리와 반복 처리에 효과적인 인-메모리 방식의 고속 클러스터 컴퓨팅 환경인 Apache Spark을 이용한 대용량의 정성적 공간 추론기의 설계와 구현에 관해 소개한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 공간 추론기는 매우 효율적인 방법으로, 공간 객체들 간의 위상 관계와 방향 관계를 나타내는 대규모 공간 지식베이스의 무결성을 검사할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 주어진 공간 지식베이스로부터 새로운 사실들을 유도해냄으로써 지식베이스를 확장할 수도 있다. 일반적으로 공간 객체들 간의 위상 관계와 방향 관계에 관한 정성적 추론은 이접 관계들 간의 많은 조합 연산들을 포함한다. 본 추론기에서는 공간 추론에 필요한 최소한의 이접 관계 집합을 찾아내고 이들만을 포함하도록 조합 표를 축소함으로써, 추론의 효율성을 크게 개선시켰다. 또한, 본 추론기에서는 추론 성능 향상을 위해 Hadoop 클러스터 시스템에서 분산 추론 작업이 진행되는 동안 디스크 입출력을 최소화하도록 설계하였다. 대용량의 가상 및 실제 공간 지식베이스를 이용한 실험들에서, 본 논문에서 제안하는 Apache Spark 기반의 정성적 공간 추론기가 MapReduce 기반의 기존 추론기보다 더 높은 성능을 보여주었다.