• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.172-183
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• 1995

According to the literature surrey, we summarized the treatment and prescription for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘) and Cardiac Asthma as follows. 1. The aim of treatment for Su-cheam(水喘) is I-Su-Hwa-Daw(利水火痰), Pynng-Cheon-Ick-Qi(平喘益氣) and Mokbangki-tang(木防己湯), Jungryuk daejosapye-tang(亭曆大棗瀉肺湯) Socheong ryong-tang(小靑龍湯), Gagamshinki-hwan(加減腎氣丸) and Shinbi-tang(神秘湯) are often used. 2. The sim of treatment for Hwa-Chean(火喘) is Cheong-Kuem-Kwang-Hwa(淸金降火祛痰) and Backho-tang(白虎湯) and Dodamtang-gamibang(導痰湯加味方) are useful. 3. In Oriental medicine, Sangmak-Sun(生脈散) and Sambutang-gamibang(參附湯加味方) for Ink-Qi-Ryum-Eum(益氣斂陰) and On-Yang-I-Su-Qi(溫湯利水化氣) are often used for cardiac asthma. 4. As the treatment for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘), and cardiac asthma are Similar to, it is supposed to be need of careful differential diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to review the actual use of acupuncture manipulation in clinical trials and to discuss the directions of studies, to be conducted in the future. Methods : Through five search engines, clinical trial papers were collected, which had involved the use of acupuncture treatment since 2001 when STRICTA was published. The selected papers were classified based on whether acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi were stated. The comparison status of domestic and foreign, status by year, target diseases, and therapeutic interventions were also investigated. Results : 54 % domestic and 69 % foreign papers mentioned acupuncture manipulation or De-Qi. Among them, acupuncture manipulation was used in 40 % domestic and 53 % foreign papers. There was no significant difference around 2010 when the revised edition of STRICTA was published. The use of acupuncture manipulation was the highest in studies that targeted musculoskeletal disorders. Besides that, the use of acupuncture manipulation was higher in cases where acupuncture was used for therapeutic interventions than it was for basic manipulation or combination therapy. Conclusion : Compared to the importance of acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi, there was actually a smaller number of papers that clearly suggested information on acupuncture manipulation and De-Qi. The reason is considered to be a lack of studies to establish the mechanism and effectiveness of each acupuncture manipulation method and studies that objectified the amount of stimulation incurred by the acupuncture manipulation methods. It is necessary to properly utilize acupuncture manipulation by actively conducting these studies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehend the characteristics of Korean medicine patterns in relation to varying degrees of cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Methods: The dataset included 127 elderly individuals with cognitive impairment obtained from three Korean medicine hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The participants were categorized into two groups based on Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scores: those with questionable impairment (QI) and those with very mild dementia (VMD). A diagnostic framework for Korean medicine patterns encompassing Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, Phlegm dampness, and Heat-fire was employed. Liver blood markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the AST/ALT ratio, were also analyzed. Results: The scores of the cognitive assessment tools (MoCA-K, MMSE-DS, and K-IADL) of the QI group significantly differed from those of the VMD group. CDR-SB exhibited a positive correlation with the scores of each pattern of Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, Phlegm dampness, and Heat-fire, whereas ALT and AST values displayed negative correlations. Binomial logistic analysis, controlling for potential confounders, such as age, education years, body mass index, the presence of chronic disease, and the presence of medication, verified that the VMD group showed higher pattern scores and lower ALT and AST values than the QI group. Conclusions: Increases in pattern scores along with decreased AST and ALT levels might be indicative of more severe cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.91-107
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the propensity and find out the Syndrome Differentiation of teeth-mark tongue by taking survey and body examinations with 178 male patients. 164 patients out of 178 were checked up on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Accelerated Photoplethysmograpy (APG), Body Composition. This study was also planned to find out the distinctive characteristics of teeth-mark tongue diagnosis and compare differences between Qi-Deficiency and Accumulation of Dampness and Phlegm patients group. Methods : The questionnaire was carried out targeting 178 male with teeth-mark tongue respondents among who had Oriental Health Examination and patients from the 3rd oriental-internal medicine department in Dongeui Hospital from $1^{st}$, March 2005 to $30^{th}$, April 2010. Only 164 patients were checked on HRV, APG and Body composition examinations. Results : It showed that 86 patients had Qi-Deficiency and 78 had Dampness and Phlegm but 14 couldn't be categorized. The major symptoms of Qi-Deficiency compared to Dampness and Phlegm were 'Frequent running nose', 'Soft stool', 'Chronic fatigue', and 'Eyestrain'. On the contrary, Dampness and Phlegm's dominant symptoms were 'Chest discomfort', 'Feeling bloated', 'Back pain', 'Feeling sluggish', and 'Itchy skin'. However, all symptoms were not matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm. It also showed that teeth-mark tongue patients' frequent symptoms were 'Stuffy nose', 'Feeling bloated', 'Oliguria', 'Shoulder pain', 'Chronic fatigue' 'Eyestrain' and these symptoms were matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. In the results from this study, there were no significant differences between Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. Conclusions : It is hard to conclude that teeth-mark tongue could be only one to diagnose Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm with 3 examinations.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the effects of the Qi-gong Exercise program on the physical health status, the fear of falling, balance efficacy, and Hwa-Byung in the elderly. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in 52 elderly subjects who were assigned to the experimental group and the control group (26 subjects in each group). Study out-comes were measured by structured questionnaires from July 2015 to October 2015. For data analysis, the Chi-square test, the Fisher's exact probability test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the paired t-test, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: There were significant differences in the physical health status (Z=12.000, p<.001), balance efficacy (Z=60.500, p=<.001), and Hwa-Byung (Z=20.500, p=<.001) between the two groups in pretest and posttest. Conclusions: The findings confirmed that the Qi-gong Exercise program is effective in improving the physical health status, balance efficacy, and Hwa-Byung in the elderly subjects in the community. It can be recommended as a public health program for the elderly population in the community.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

It is well known that the sexagesimal cycle(干支) has been playing very important role in ordinary human affairs including astrology and almanacs and the arts of divination(術數). Yin-Yang school related the cycle with the sixty four hexagrams and the system of five notes(五音) and twelve pitch-pipes(十二律), and the processes to relate them are called respectively NaJia(納甲) and NaYin(納音) and quoted in Shen Kuo's Meng qi bi tan(夢溪筆談, 1095). Yang Hui obtained the process NaYin in the context of mathematics. In this paper we show that Yang Hui introduced the concept and notion of functions and then using congruences and the composite of functions, he could succeed to describe perfectly the process in his Xu gu zhai qi suan fa(續古摘奇算法, 1275). We also note that his concept and notion of functions are the earliest ones in the history of mathematics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 2017

Objectives: To analyze whether a concept similar to Korean 'Hwabyung' exists in China. We investigated the status of clinical studies conducted in China for relevant diseases and trends of the traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) treatment adopted in clinical studies. Methods: To explore the concept of a condition similar to Korean Hwabyung in China, we searched for the existence of concept and pattern that were parallel or similar to those of Hwabyung in TCM text-books and diagnostic guidelines. We searched and analyzed clinical studies of TCM treatment for depression syndrome similar to Hwabyung from CNKI using terms 'depression' and 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Using extracted data, characteristics of clinical research, herbal medicine, and acupuncture treatment used in the clinical research and their effects were systematically reviewed. Results: Symptoms of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire' were most similar to those of Hwabyung. Nine articles were selected from a total 258 articles. Most of them used DSM-IV or CCMD-3 for depression diagnosis. They applied 'diagnostic and efficacy guidelines for TCM diseases and syndromes' for pattern diagnosis of 'qi stagnation transforming into fire'. Danzhixiaoyao-san and Jiaweixiaoyao-san were found to be effective when they were used alone or in combination with antidepressants. Acupuncture treatment also showed remarkable effect on LR3, HT7, LI4, PC6, GV20 when it was used alone or in combination with antidepressants. However, careful interpretation is required because a small number of studies are included.Conclusions: 'Qi stagnation transforming into fire' seemed to have symptoms similar to Hwabyung. However, further research is needed to determine its diseases and pattern types compared to Hwabyung. According to included studies of 'depression with Qi stagnation transforming into fire', herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment tended to be effective in relieving depressive symptoms. However, more discussion is required for future application of herbal medicine and acupuncture for treating Hwabyung.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

The purpose of this study reported here was to investigate the ability of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), known to elevate hematopoietic functions, to protect mice undergoing treatment with whole body single gamma-irradiation. BZYQT was given (25 mg/kg B.W.) intraperitoneally at 36 and 12 hours before irradiation and 30 minute and 24 hours after irradiation. Recovery of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts was significantly stimulated by extract of BZYQT. Stimulated recovery by the extract from the BZYQT was also observed in thrombocyte. However, the anti-radiation effect of erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit was not as significant as that of leukocyte. Further studies are needed to better characterize the protective nature of BZYQT extract and its ingredients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.158-168
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to present two case reports on the treatments of psoriasis with qi deficiency. Methods: We administered herbal medicine to two patients who showed psoriasis with overwork and evaluated the results by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI). Results: After the treatment two patients showed improvements in PASI. PASI of patient 1 changed from 11 to 1.6; patient 2 from 10.8 to 1. Conclusions: The results suggest that herbal medicine can be an effective treatment for psoriasis who has overwork.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2020

In this paper, we establish an explicit formula for r-Dowling numbers in terms of r-Whitney Lah and r-Whitney numbers of the second kind. This is a generalization of the Qi formula for Bell numbers in terms of Lah and Stirling numbers of the second kind. Moreover, we define the q, r-Dowling numbers, q, r-Whitney Lah numbers and q, r-Whitney numbers of the first kind and obtain several fundamental properties of these numbers such as orthogonality and inverse relations, recurrence relations, and generating functions. Hence, we derive an analogous Qi formula for q, r-Dowling numbers expressed in terms of q, r-Whitney Lah numbers and q, r-Whitney numbers of the second kind.