• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.118-134
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigated the plant community structure and to revaluate the part of plant ecosystem on statement of environmental impact assessment in Muju resort golf course, Solch'on area, Tokyusan National Park. The actual vegetation was comprised of Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica-Q. serrata community(33.21%), Q. spp. community(27.30%), P. densiflora community(20.68%) and high mountain marsh(4.93%) etc., which communities were the major vegetation and the forest vegetation was came to being a peculiar to environmental condition. The degree of green naturality 8, 9 was covered 93% in survey area, and so this result reflect the stability of ecosystem. There was all the difference between the statement of environmental impact assessment of development concerned and this study result in the estimation of degree of green naturality. The plant community were divided into six groups in fifty-four plots by DCA and the dividing groups were P. densiflora, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, P. densiflora-Q. serrata-F. mandschurica-B. davurica, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata-P. densiflora, Q. mongolica-Q. variabilis, Salix koreansis- B. davurica community. Except P. densiflora forest in survey site, the ecological succession trend of the other communities was seemed to be from P. densiflora to Q. spp.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural pattern of nurses' pain management with patients who experience pain. As a research method, the Q methodology, which is useful for an objective view of a highly abstract concept, was applied. The data collecting activity of this study was from August, 21st, 2000 to November, 24th 2000. The Q-population, the previous thesis and a literature review were done. Questions about pain management by the nurse on the patients, caregivers, nursing students, doctors, nurses, and others were asked in documentary work and in-depth interviews. In all, 223 units of the Q-population were formed, and the last 35 units of the Q-population were extracted. The data on the P-sample was collected from 41 nurses who worked in the medical and surgical units of a hospital that belonges to C university in Seoul. The research results were constituted in 3 types. Type I was the 'pattern of judging by objectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown by 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, we sufficiently performed an assessment about the etiology, location, duration and degree'. For type I, the same pain was found in different locations according to the patients, so the etiology of the pain should be identified first place. Since ways of coping are different according to pain etiology, it was thought that it is important to assess sufficiently the pain etiology, location, duration, and degree. Therefore, when patients complain of pain, the pain etiology should be identified and assessed; according to the result, pain management should be performed systematically. Type II was the 'pattern of accepting by subjectivity'. The statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown as 'If patients said that they are suffering from pain, the medical treatment should be performed rapidly and speedily.' For type II, when the patient complains of pain, treatment should be performed quickly in order to prevent the condition getting worse, and it is thought that activity is a reasonable duty. Further, by trying to show empathy after pain is admitted and by understanding and coping rapidly with the pain of patients, an attitude which matched the altruistic morals of nurses is being shown. Type III was the 'pattern of worrying about', and the statement on which most of the people highly agreed for those patterns was shown is 'When there is a pain, to help patients to tolerate the pain to the highest degree.' In type III, the pain is a subjective expression, so there is a difference according to every individual. Therefore, actually if there is no measurement of pain, it could be exaggerated so nurses should help patients to tolerate it to the utmost. Even if there is a way to remove pain without an analgesic drug, nurses were reluctant to perform pain management as they possibly could. Through these research results, pain management of nurses was classified in 3 types, and structural characteristics in each type were discovered. Based upon the characteristics according to the type, an individualized pain management intervention strategy should be established and the follow up work performed.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 1998

Let $k$ be a real abelian field and $k_{\infty}$ be its $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension for an odd prime $p$. Let $A_n$ be the Sylow $p$-subgroup of the ideal class group of $k_n$, the $nth$ layer of the $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension. By using the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory, we have the following: If $p$ does not divide $\prod_{{{\chi}{\in}\hat{\Delta}_k},{\chi}{\neq}1}B_{1,{\chi}{\omega}^{-1}$, then $A_n$ = {0} for all $n{\geq}0$, where ${\Delta}_k=Gal(k/\mathbb{Q})$ and ${\omega}$ is the Teichm$\ddot{u}$ller character for $p$. The converse of this statement does not hold in general. However, we have the following when $k$ is of prime conductor $q$: Let $q$ be an odd prime different from $p$. and let $k$ be a real subfield of $\mathbb{Q}({\zeta}_q)$. If $p{\mid}{\prod}_{{\chi}{\in}\hat{\Delta}_{k,p},{\chi}{\neq}1}B_{1,{\chi}{\omega}}-1$, then $A_n{\neq}\{0\}$ for all $n{\geq}1$, where ${\Delta}_{k,p}$ is the $Gal(k_{(p)}/\mathbb{Q})$ and $k_{(p)}$ is the decomposition field of $k$ for $p$.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.216-226
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on broadcasting of civil defense exercise in nation focused on fire-fighting officers. 33 Q-population (concourse) was selected based on the media related literature review described above, and interviews targeting the general public. As the next step representative statements were chosen randomly and reduced in number to a final 25 statement samples for the purposes of this study. The methodology of a Q-study does not infer the characteristics of the population sample from the sample, selecting of the P-sample is likewise not governed probabilistic sampling methods. Finally, in this research, 41 people were selected as the P-sample.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.1015-1027
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study is to understand the types of subjective causal perception of Hwa-byung among the Korean elderly men and reveal the characteristics of each type. Q-methodology was used to analyze each individual participant's subjectivity on Hwa-byung. A total of 25 Korean elderly men arranger 31 pre-selected Q-statement cards on a 9-point scale, shaping the cards' pile into a normal distribution. Then, the data from the arranged cards were analyzed using the QUANL PC Program. Data analysis showed that participants perceived four situation to cause Hwa-byung: Lack of sympathetic relationships, Incompetence and misfortune of their own, Weakness due to aging, and Regrets about the past to life. The analysis of the different types will be able to provide material on how to specifically offer psychological support to the Korean elderly men.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.265-276
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to define structural subjectivity pattern of whistle-blowing of hospital nurses. Method: This study was conducted using Q-methodology in order to classify the types of perception to an whistle-blowing from the inside of the incumbent hospital nurses. Nineteen members, including hospital nurses, professors and students majoring in the nursing department made 47 statements about the insider's accusation after an in-depth interview about the statements. Forty incumbent hospital nurses were the participants for the Q-Methodology. The statement data was analyzed with QUANL PC Program and five different types were classified according to how the nurse had replied to the statements. Result: The first one is a Propeller type. The second one is a Denial type. The third type is a Patient Advocate type. The fourth one is a Anonymous type. The fifth is a Netizen type. Conclusion: this study as a momentum, a reasonable and constitutional legislation in the nurses organization should be established as soon as possible.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.414-423
• /
• 2020

The purpose of This study is to investigate the effects of the acceptance of food culture through YouTube, one of the platforms that is currently being used, on consumers' perceptions, and to establish marketing effects that can be obtained from the acceptance of food culture through YouTube platform, Q-methodology was selected and exploratory research was conducted to analyze consumers' subjective perspectives. For this purpose, analysis was conducted by classifying statement cards by respondents, and Q-sorts were selected and composed by the Q-group, and after the statement was prepared through this, P-samples were selected and the Q-sorts obtained through classification work were analyzed through the Q factor analysis using the PC QUANL program. The analysis results were classified into four types: Type 1 [(N=6): Preferred Food and Responsibility Satisfaction Type], Type 2 [(N=3): Non-emotional Preferred Food Type, Type 3 [(N=14): Information Acquisition Preferred Food Type], Type 4 [(N=2): Undetermined Type], etc. Each subjective opinion from these analyses will be helpful for various studies in the future, and it will be used as a reference for YouTube-related marketing and consumer restaurant culture acceptance in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.12
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2019

Radiologist image perceived by radiology students plays important role for them in establishing a positive Radiology professionalism as well as having a satisfaction on their job. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the image of Radiologist perceived by both radiology students. Q-methodology was used for this study. 110 Q statements were extracted from qualitative survey from 110 radiology students. The selected statements were reviewed and revised by experts and 33 Q samples were finally selected. Then, 30 radiology students were recruited for this study and were asked to arrange the statement cards on a 9 point scale, which shaped a normal distribution. The data were then analyzed by using PQ method program. As a result, two types of Radiologist's images were explored: 'professional technology type', 'safety of patient type' The results of this study will be helpful to provide the direction that we have to pursue regarding educational and political perspectives.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.273-298
• /
• 2014

The purpose of the study was to examine the image types of the traditional child rearing by mothers with infancy and early childhood through Q-methodology. To conduct that, Q-group was first formed from mothers who raised their child in traditional way after their brainstorming about the method and interviewing them. Based on the subject's shared statements, Q-standard was made with 40 subjects. The 40 subjects were asked to grade each statement from one to nine and then their responses were analyzed by QUANL program. The image types were classified into 4 groups. There were 'Type 1: Relationship-oriented parenting through harmony' 'Type 2: Archetypal Parenting based on the Korean traditional values,' 'Type 3: Practice-oriented Parenting to respect life,' and 'Type 4: Attachment Parenting modern variants necessary.' This study serves as a momentum to see the impact of traditional child rearing on modern child upbringing by examining mother's viewpoints on traditional child rearing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.493-501
• /
• 2021

This study started to examine the understanding and perception of 'disabled people' and 'non-disabled people', one of the dichotomous elements in the 21st century social integration era. In particular, for the analysis, Q-methodology, which should respond based on the respondent's inner self and perception, was used. For the analysis, 32 Q-statements were secured, and as a result of targeting 20 P-sample respondents, three types were derived as follows. In , statements such as 'A correct awareness of disability is necessary' and 'Disability can occur to anyone' are emphasized, so it was named 「Correct Perception Emphasis Type」. emphasized 'The life of the disabled is not easy' and 'The disabled need an opportunity to participate in society' and was named 「The Life of the Disabled Understanding Type」. emphasized statements such as 'Economic support is necessary for the disabled' and 'The welfare budget for the disabled must be sufficiently secured', and was named 「Institutional Support Emphasis Type」. Therefore, in addition to the necessity of correct recognition of disability and disability in our society, we expect this study result is to be priming water for improving the recognition of the disabled.