• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between preschooler's sex, effortful control, working memory, and emotion regulation. The moderating effect of sex in the influences of effortful control and working memory on emotion regulation was also investigated. Eighty-eight children from the ages of 3 to 5 years participated in this study. A working memory task of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV(K-WISC-IV; Kwak, Oh, & Kim, 2011) was administered to the children. Their parents completed a very short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and Emotion Regulation Checklist(Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). The results indicated that effortful control significantly predicted emotion regulation. Additionally the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between working memory and emotion regulation was significant. Specifically, the influence of working memory on emotion regulation was significant only in boys, but not in girls. This result suggested that effortful control has an effect on emotion regulation in a stable manner whereas working memory has different effects on the influence of emotion regulation according to sex.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.157-174
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was two-fold: first to explore the effects of mother-child attachment and effortful control at age 1 on preschoolers' school readiness at age 6, and second, to determine the mediating effect of a child's effortful control on the relationship between mother-child attachment at age 1 in relation to school readiness at age 6. Methods: Participants in this study were 205 five-year-old toddlers(106 boys, 99 girls) recruited for the Korea Child Panel Study. Mother-child attachment was assessed using the Attachment Q-sort(Waters, 1989). Preschooler's effortful control was measured by the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire: ECBQ(Putnam, Gartstein & Rothbart, 2006). Preschooler's school readness was measured by the School Readiness Scale Murphey & Burns, 2002). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and the structural equation modeling analysis. Results: First, mother-child attachment at age 1 effected school readiness at age 6. Effortful control at age 1 effected school readiness at age 6. Second, effortful control at age 1 mediated the effect of mother-child attachment at age 1 in relation to school readiness at age 6. Conclusion/Implications: Mother-child attachment at age 1 affects school readiness at age 6, and toddlers' effortful control at age 1 mediates the relationship between mother-child attachment in relation to school readiness at age 6.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2019

This study examines the normalization of Korean GM management between the Korean government and GM in terms of external negotiation game and internal negotiation game using Putnam's Two-Level Games. In addition, GM's Win-set change and negotiation strategy were analyzed. This analysis suggested implications for the optimal negotiation strategy for mutual cooperation between multinational corporations and local governments in the global business environment. First, the negotiation strategy for Korea's normalization of GM management in Korea can be shifted to both the concession theory and the opposition theory depending on the situation change and the government policy centered on the cautious theory. Second, GM will maximize its bargaining power through 'brink-end tactics' by utilizing the fact that the labor market is stabilized, which is the biggest weakness of the Korean government, while maintaining a typical Win-set reduction strategy. GM will be able to restructure at any time in terms of global management strategy, and if the financial support of the Korean government is provided, it will maintain the local factory but withdraw the local plant at the moment of stopping the support. In negotiations on the normalization of GM management in Korea, it is necessary to prepare a problem and countermeasures for various scenarios and to maintain a balance so that the policy does not deviate to any one side.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.337-339
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• 2011

M&S 기반의 가상환경 설계운영은 자원절약 및 위험성 감소 등 다양한 측면에서 효율성을 지니고 있다. 국방은 현실세계에서 실시하기 어려운 군사작전 시뮬레이션 운영을 위해 국방 M&S 개념을 도입하고, 이를 기반으로 무기체계의 소요도출부터 전력화 단계까지 프로세스 전반에 걸쳐 가상 환경에서의 설계 운영 및 검증을 수행하는 SBA 를 도입하였다. 그러나 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 과정에서 발생되는 고비용, 위험성 등의 문제점은 SBA 도입 효율성에 대한 논란의 요인이 된다. 따라서 SBA 도입 효과를 입증할 수 있는 지표 제시가 요구되며, 이 연구에서는 입증 지표로서 비용, 시간, 품질 및 위험도의 4 가지 요소를 분석한다. 또한 소프트웨어 개발비용 산정의 어려움 및 SBA의 고비용 가능성을 이유로 SBA 에 대한 개발비용 산정의 필요성을 제기한다. SBA 개발비용 산정을 위해 기존에 제시된 소프트웨어 개발비용 산정 모델 적용을 제안하고, COCOMO 모델, Putnam 모델, FP모델, 전문가의 감정 및 델파이 기법 등 소프트웨어 개발비용 산정모델을 기반으로 SBA 개발비용 산정에 적합한 모델을 분석한다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.161-182
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• 2017

This study is to conduct a stakeholder analysis using Project Stakeholder Management Model established by US Project Management Institute (or PMI) in order to identify current stakeholder related to Korea's trade policy and to establish the stakeholder management process for Korea's trade negotiation. Project Stakeholder Management Model includes four stages such as identifying, planning, managing, and controling stakeholder. The stakeholder management process for Korea's trade negotiation classifies domestic stakeholder into two category; internal stakeholder and external stakeholder. This research suggests that Korea should invite consumer groups, labor unions, and farmer's association into the official communication channel of trade authority while unifying the current stakeholder management divisions and relevant advisory committees within the trade ministry.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.246-252
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• 1981

Assuming krypton molecules adsorbed on graphite surface as 2D gas, the interaction energy of Kr-graphite and the Henry's constant are calculated analytically by the Fourier series expansion method. 2D virial cofficients, $B_{2D}$ and $C_{2D}$, are also calculated to obtain 2D equation of state, and hence adsorption isotherms. The isotherms so obtained are compared with experimental results reported by Putnam and Fort. The pairwise additivity of Lennard-Jones(12, 6) interaction energy is also assumed, and parameters therein are taken as; ${\varepsilon}_{gs}$/k = 70 K, ${\sigma}_{gs}$ = 0.35 nm, ${\varepsilon}_{gg}$/k = 170 K, and ${\sigma}_{gg}$ = 0.37 nm.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.307-328
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• 2018

The use of thought experiments has a long history in many disciplines including science. In the field of philosophy, thought experiments have frequently appeared in the pre-existing literature on the contemporary Analytic Philosophy. A thought experiment refers to a synthetic environment where the designer of the experiment-with his or her intuition and imagination-tests common-sense knowledge. It can be understood as a conceptual tool for testing the validity of the common understanding of an issue or a phenomenon. However, we are not certain about the usefulness or efficacy of a thought experiment in knowledge production. The design of a thought experiment is meant to lure readers into believing as intended by the experiment itself. Thus, regardless of the purpose of a thought experiment, many readers who encounter the experiment could feel deceived. In this paper, to analyze the logic of thought experiments and to seek the source of uneasiness the readers and critics may feel about thought experiments, I draw lessons from three renowned thought-experiments: Thomson's 'ailing violinist', Putnam's 'brain in a vat', and Searle's 'Chinese room'. Imaginative thought experiments are usually constructed around a gap between the reality and the knowledge/information at hand. From the three experiments, several lessons can be learned. First, the evidence of the existence of a gap provided via thought experiments can serve as arguments for counterfactual situations. At the same time, the credibility and efficacy of the thought experiments can be damaged as soon as the thought-experiments are carried out with inappropriate and/or murky directions regarding the procedures of the experiment or the background of the study. According to D. R. Hofstadter and D. C. Dennett(1981), the 'knob setting' in a thought experiment can be altered in the middle of a simulation of the experimental condition, and then the implications of the thought experiment change altogether, indicating that an entirely different conclusion can be deduced from thought experiment. Lastly, some pre-suppositions and bias of the experiment designers play a considerable role in the validity and the chances of success of a thought experiment; thus, it is recommended that the experiment-designers refrain from exercising too much of their imagination in order to avoid contaminating the design of the experiment and/or wrongly accepting preconceived/misguided conclusions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.5-32
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• 2007

Using a national survey data conducted by the Beautiful Foundation, this study attempts to examine the bilateral relationships between philanthropic effort and social trust and between volunteering effort and social trust by using simultaneous equation model. This study also attempts to examine the socialization effect and intergenerational effect of philanthropy and volunteering in family, school, and community. This study found that both philanthropic effort and volunteering effort have a bilateral relationship with social trust. The bilateral relationship between giving and volunteering and social trust suggests that not only can social trust affect the increase of giving and volunteering but giving and volunteering can also influence social trust. Thus, by strengthening trust and facilitating giving and volunteering, we can construct and promote culture of sharing in our society. On the other hand, in the analysis on individual's educational experience in giving and volunteering during school years and individual's family experience (parental practice) in giving and volunteering during school years, it was found that family experience was statistically significant on philanthropic effort and volunteering effort. The result suggests that considering the validity of intergenerational effect in giving and volunteering, it is strategically vital for our society to facilitate and promote family practice in giving and volunteering throughout diverse programs and social marketing. Although this study has a limitation due to the limitedness of the original data, it made a significant contribution to advancing knowledge on the relationship between giving and volunteering and social trust by using elaborate analysis methods. This study emphasizes the necessity of continuous research; more advanced and systematic study based on a more elaborate model and solid data such panel data should be continued for a better understanding of philanthropic and volunteering behavior that can be an important soil for the development of nonprofit human service organizations. Finally, based on the results of the study, this study discusses research directions and practical implications to deepen and broaden the culture of sharing in Korea.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.61-79
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• 2001

Was die Konzeption von Wortbedeutung angeht, so ist festzustellen, $da\ss$ sich in der lexikalischen Semantik Konzeptionen von sprachlicher Wortbedeutung in zwei Hauptauffassungen teilen lassen. D.h. eine komponentielle Bedeutungsauffassung, nach der Wortbedeutungen in einzelne semantische Komponenten zerlegbar sind, $l\"{a}{\ss}t$ sich von einer holistischen Bedeutungskonzeption, die Wortbedeutungen als ganzheitlich und nicht weiter zerlegbar begreift, unterscheiden. Holistische $Ans\"{a}tze$ im allgemeinen Sinn erfassen ein $Ph\"{a}nomen$ ganzheitlich. Bezogen auf sprachwissenschaftliche und psychologische $Ans\"{a}tze$ bedeutet aber 'holistisch' eine nichtkomponentielle Beschreibung. Bestimmt man den Begriff 'holistisch' als die Leugnung klar abgrenzbarer $partikul\"{a}rer$ Einheiten, so $erh\"{a}lt$ 'holistisch' einen spezifischen Sinn in holistischen $Ans\"{a}tzen$. Im Hinblick darauf $k\"{o}nnen$ der kognitionspsychologische Prototypenansatz von Rosch und der philosophische Stereotypenansatz von Putnam bedeutsam werden. Entweder ist damit die Ablehnung einer definitorisch verfahrenden Merkmalsemantik verbunden, oder es werden Merkmale nun lediglich als stereotypisch-definitorische uminterpretiert. Eine ausgeformte Prototypensemantik bzw. Stereotypensemantik gibt es bisher nur als Postulat eines zur definitorisch verfahrenden Merkmalsemantik altemativen Bedeutungskonzepts. Diese holistischen $Ans\"{a}tze$ versuchen sich gerade in der Kontroverse zur Merkmalsemantik zu etablieren, kommen aber selbst nicht ohne das Konzept des Merkmals aus. Sie sind auch nicht auf aile $W\"{o}rter$ unseres Wortschatzes gleich gut anzuwenden, weil es nicht $f\"{u}r$ alle $W\"{o}rter$ Stereotype gibt und die Existenz digital struktuierter Kategorien, die mithilfe von hinreichenden und notwendigen Bedingungen beschrieben werden $k\"{o}nnen$, nicht geleugnet wird. Die holistischen $Ans\"{a}tze$ sind als Versuch zu beurteilen, der $Realit\"{a}t$ in ihrer Komplexitat $m\"{o}lichst$ nahe zu kommen. Doch bleibt das Problem, wie Holismus im Bereich der Sprachbeschreibung $ad\"{a}quat$ wiederzugeben ist. Auch wenn wir $f\"{u}r$ die Annahme der psychologischen $Realit\"{a}t$ eines holistischen Bedeutungsbegriffs $pl\"{a}dieren$, so bestreiten wir damit nicht die $N\"{u}tzlichkeit$ der komponentiellen Bedeutungsanalyse als leicht handhabbare Beschreibungsnotation $f\"{u}r$ die Bedeutung von Wortern mit wohlunterscheidbaren Referenten. In diesem Sinn $k\"{o}nnten$ vielleicht beide methodischen $Ans\"{a}tze\;in\;einer\;komplement\"{a}en$ Sicht integriert werden.