• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.430-438
• /
• 1999

Purpose: We evaluated a rapid preparation procedures for the labeling and quality control of $^{99m}Tc$-ECD, $MAG_3$, and MIBI using microwave heating and Sep-Pak cartridges. Materials and Methods: $^{99m}Tc$ labeling of ECD, $MAG_3$, and MIBI kit preparation was performed according to the package inserts with microwave heating modification. Heating time was 10-15 sec, and heating was performed with 3 mm plastic bottle with screw cap to prevent radiation contamination. Labeling efficiency was obtained with $C_{18}$ or Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridges. Results: The radiochemical purity of $93{\sim}96%$ for $^{99m}Tc$-ECD and $95{\sim}99%$ for $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI was obtained using Alumina N Sep-Pak cartridge. The optimum irradiation time of microwave method for 3 ml $^{99m}Tc$-labeled radiopharmaceutical solution was 10 sec for $^{99m}Tc$-ECD and $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI, and 15 sec for $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$. The results of quality control data with Sep-Pak cartridges were well correlated with TLC method. The total preparation time of these radiopharmcaeuticals was $5{\sim}6min$ including quality control procedure. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that radiopharmaceuticals preparation by microwave heating and quality control by Sep-Pak cartridges can be efficiently utilized as an alternative to the recommended method by manufacturer's manual.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.73
• /
• pp.916-922
• /
• 2005

Parkin, known as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has essential role in protein quality control, and its severe dysfunction leads to neurodegenerative disorders. Human Parkin was excessively degraded when expressed in Escherichia coli under the conventional induction condition ($37^{\circ}C$ culture condition with 0.5 mM IPTG). To optimize the induction and culture conditions for recombinant human Parkin and develop a rapid method for the Parkin purification, we expressed Parkin by using PCEX system at the different culture temperatures and IPTC concentrations. The intact Parkin protein was purified to approximately $90\%$ purity with suitable amounts of protein under the optimal culture condition ($25^{\circ}C$E with 0.01 mM IPTG). Additionally, we constructed various parkin plasmids with different tagging systems and investigated their expression patterns in HEK293 cells. We found that the proteolytically sensitive site is localized within a ubiquitin-like domain of Parkin. This study developes a method for generating useful reagents to investigate biochemical properties of Parkin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.1158-1167
• /
• 2000

To produce ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CD)$, a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase) producing Aspergillus sp. CC-2-1 was isolated from soil. The enzyme was purified and its enzymological characteristics were investigated. It was found that production of CGTase reached to the maximum when the wheat bran medium containing 0.1% albumin, 2% $(NH_4)_2S_2O_8$, 2% soluble starch and 0.2% $KH_2PO_4$ was cultured for 5 days at $37^{\circ}C$. The purity of CGTase was increased by 13.14 folds after DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100, G-150 gel filtration and the specific activity was 172.14 unit/mg. Purified enzyme was confirmed as a single band by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of CGTase was estimated to be 27,800 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for the CGTase activity were 9.0 and $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable in pH $8.0{\sim}11.0$ at $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$. The activity of purified enzyme was activated by $K^+,\;Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. The activity of the CGTase was inhibited by the treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodine. The result suggests that the purified enzyme has phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosine, histidine imidazole group and terminal amino group at active site. The reaction of this enzyme followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the $K_m$ value of 18.182 g/L with the $V_{max}$ of 188.68 ${\mu}mole/min$. The activation energy for the CGTase was calculated by Arrhenius equation was 1.548 kcal/mol.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.20
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2002

A total of 31 C. chinense lines selected from 2000 screening were tested again for resistance to P. capsid but resistance was not found in tile lines. A total of 26 selections from Korean land races tested 2001 spring were tested again for resistance to P. capsici, KC180, KC230, KC195 and KC194 showed moderate resistance to P. capsid. However, it was apparent on the basis of horticultural characteristics that KC180 and KC230 had been naturally crossed with AC2258 and CM334, respectively. CM334 and AC2248 seed lots that were increased in different years were taken out and tested for resistance to improve their genetic purity because the resistant genetic resources have been showing some off-types in tile population. Off-types began to be found in 1992 seed lots and tile proportion and degree of tile offs was increasing with time up to 2001. Plants true to the type in 1992 seed lots were selected and their inbred seeds were mass produced in a net cage in the greenhouse. AC2258 included in the experiment together was uniform. In 1995 seed lots of CM334, plants with resistance to P. capsici and low or no number of lateral branching at cotyledonary axil, although they were off from tile original CM334, were found and selection was applied to breed lines fixed in tile characters.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.616-623
• /
• 2003

Waxy barley brans were collected during the pearling process. The extraction of $\beta$-glucan from barley bran was effected by the extraction conditions. The $\beta$-glucan content increased with temperature, but not with pH. The highest yield, 6.5%, was achieved at pH 7.0 and 55$^{\circ}C$. At pH 10 and 45$^{\circ}C$, 48.5% of the $\beta$-glucan in barley bran was recovered in the gum product, with 54.6% purity. The protein and starch contaminations were high, reaching 13.6 and 23.7%, respectively. The $\beta$-glucan content was greatest in the subaleurone and aleurone regions (bran fractions 1, 2, 3 and 4), and declined considerably toward the inner layers. A monosaccharide analysis of the purified, $\beta$-glucan, from bran fractions 1, 2, 3 and 4, indicated that glucose constituted the majority of the gum. The small amounts of the arabinose and xylose found in the gum may indicate the presence of arabinoxylans as minor constituents. The molecular weights of the $\beta$-glucans isolated from bran fractions 1,2 and 3 were found to be 4.09${\times}$10$^{5}$ ∼-4.41${\times}$10$^{5}$ . The major glycosidic linkages of the $\beta$-glucans demonstrated the presence of 2, 4, 6-Me-Glc and 2, 3, 6-Me-Glc. When flow behaviors of barley bran $\beta$-glucan were examined, $\beta$-glucan exhibited pseudoplastic fluid properties.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.737-750
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to construct a DNA profile database for 102 watermelon cultivars through the comparison of polymorphism level and genetic relatedness using genomic microsatellite (gMS) and expressed sequence tag (EST)-microsatellite (eMS) markers. Sixteen gMS and 10 eMS primers showed hyper-variability and were able to represent the genetic variation within 102 watermelon cultivars. With gMS markers, an average of 3.63 alleles per marker were detected with a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.479, whereas with eMS markers, the average number of alleles per marker was 2.50 and the PIC value was 0.425, indicating that eMS detects a lower polymorphism level compared to gMS. Cluster analysis and Jaccard's genetic distance coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on the gMS, eMS, and combined data sets showed that 102 commercial watermelon cultivars could be categorized into 6 to 8 major groups corresponding to phenotypic traits. Moreover, this method was sufficient to identify 78 out of 102 cultivars. Correlation analysis with Mantel tests for those clusters using 3 data sets showed high correlation ($r{\geq}0.80$). Therefore, the microsatellite markers used in this study may serve as a useful tool for germplasm evaluation, genetic purity assessment, and fingerprinting of watermelon cultivars.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2016

Apolipophorin-III (apoLp-III) was isolated and purified from the last larval hemolymph of Galleria mellonella by KBr gradient ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography (Sephadex G-100). After KBr gradient ultracentrifugation, the lipophorin-free fractions were used as the samples for gel chromatography. The purity of the finally purified apoLp-III was confirmed by SDS-PAGE after gel chromatography. In this study, we found that apoLp-III is taken up into the adult testes in Galleria mellonella. The testes were dissected from day-1 or -2 adults in cold Ringer's solution and used for tissue culture. The protein moiety of apoLp-III was labeled with FITC dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature under conditions of continuous stirring for 1 h. The FITC-labeled apoLp-III was purified with a Sephadex G-25 PD-10 column. The tissues of the adult testes were incubated at room temperature for 30 min with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled apoLp-III. Fluorescein microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed that the adult testis tissues internalize the FITC-labeled apoLp-III. The results showed that apoLp-III is taken up by the adult testes.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1984

This study was conducted to identify the enzyme treatment time, enzyme concentration and plant growth condition for isolation of potato mesopyll, it was also performed to determine the adquate sucrose molarity on purification of protoplasts and to investigate the incubation time, PEG concentration and DMSO effect for potato-petunia protoplast fusion. The results were summarized as follows: The optimal time of incubation in enzyme solution was 3 - 4 hours and high humidity and low light intensity made plants more effective to protoplast releasing enzymes. Our experimental results showed that the pectolyase Y-23 was an ideal agent for isolation from mesophyll cultured in vitro compared with macerozyme. The enzyme solution with 0.5 % macerozyme and 2 % cellulase was very effective and the purity of healthy protoplast was better in 0.4 and 0.5 M sucrose than in others. It was revealed that the rate of potato-petunia fusion according to the incubation time with PEG was effective at 30 min incubation and percentage of protoplast aggregation was increased by high molecular weight and concentration of PEG. Percentage of potato-petunia protoplast heteroplasmic aggregation was increased by 4 to 16 % in PEG 6000 compared with PEG 4000 and PEG 1500. Addition of 5 to 10 % DMSO to the PEG solution increased to the heteroplasmic aggregation of potato-petunia from 2 to 4 %.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2012

potential assessment of converting closed non sanitary landfills into sustainable landfill through the reclamation works(= landfill mining project) of illegal landfill discovered in land development site using Sustainable Landfill Reclamation system(SLR-system) was investigated. The SLR system had treatment capacity of 91.4 $m^3/hr$ (130.61 ton/hr) in condition of 28.0% of water content. Recovery ratio and purity of sorted soil were 98.9% and 99.66%, respectively. Sorted combustibles were 91.8% and 92.0%, respectively. Especially, high heating value (HHV) and low heating value(LHV) of combustibles were 4,282kcal/kg and 3,636 kcal/kg, respectively, in considering the energy content and recovery ratio of combustibles. Therefore, combustibles separated from landfill site have higher value than Fluff RDF standard value(3,500kcal/kg) of MOE. RDF can be produced with combustibles by 84.43%. Averaged size and organic foreign matter content of the sorted soil were less than 035mm and 0.31 %(VN), respectively. In addition, concentration of all contents of hazardous matters containing soils met safety standards. Therefore, it is possible to be recycled as refilling and cover materials to rebuild Sustainable landfills by 98.42%.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2020

Carbonation (step I) and cryo-crystallization (crystallization at low temperature) (step II) were performed to synthesize Na compounds from sodium concentrated solution. In the step 1, the solubility and pH of carbon dioxide (95 wt.%) affecting carbonation could be changed by the variation of reaction temperature. The step II was performed at 2 ℃ after carbonation. The injection of carbon dioxide was carried out twice for the stable production and the saturated solubility of carbonate ions in solution. Firstly, we tried to inject CO₂ for controlling the solubility of CO₂ by changing the reaction temperature from 35 ℃ to 10 ℃, and the second injection was aimed at 10 ℃ for inducing nucleation of Na compound through carbonation after NaCl solution addition. In the cryo-crystallization step, the crystal growth of Na compounds could be induced by slowing the carbonation rate through reaction temperature change from 10 ℃ to 2 ℃. In this study, the effect on NaOH concentration was examined and the purity of Na compound was increased when 2M NaOH was used. In addition, the synthesized Na compounds were mostly rod-shaped and consisted of sodium carbonate or sodium carbonate with monohydrate.