• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Fresh pine needles were collected and extracted with 95% methanol and the extract was concentrated to determine its antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract had a considerable inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria, such as Esherichia coli 0157;H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract of pine needles was further fractionated to chloroform, ethylacetate, butanal, and water fractions. Among these four fractions, the butanol and water fractions, which showed a relatively strong inhibitory effect on all of the tested bacteria, were purified and the minimum ingibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each microorganism. The MIC raged between 25 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml depending on the microorganism. the purified active fractions were applied to sterilized milk as a model food system to define the antimicrobial effectiveness and it was found that the antimicrobial activities in the water fractions were stronger than those in the butanol fractions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1971

When a large quantity of insoluble drugs was added into a solution containing a small amount of soluble drugs, the latter was adsorbed to the former. Their adsorption was expected to alter the drug activity. Berberine hydrochloride (BH) was selected as a soluble drug and tested with frequently combined insoluble drugs and antacids for their adsorption phenomena in prufied water, gastric and intetinal fluid test solutions, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of kaolin and natural anuminum silicate with BH in the three media fitted the Langmuir (LM) equation, and that of talc in purified water and gastric fluid fitted it, but in intestinal fluid it fitted the Freudlich quation. The adsorption isotherm of aluminum hydroxide fitted the LM equation only in intestinal fluid. The degree of adsorption of BH in purified water and gastric fluid is in the following order: magnesium trisilicate, kaolin, natural aluminum silicate and talc; in intestinal fluid: magnesium trisilicate, kaolin, talc, natural aluminum silicate and aluminum hydroxide. Magnesium stearate did not adsorb BH.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.60-78
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• 2004

A survey performed on property of water usage, a recognition and stand on water, and awareness of practice related to water saving among primary and secondary teachers in Daegu metropolitan city leads to the following result. First, regarding the actual condition of water usage, boiled tap water was most preferred, followed by purified tap water, mineral water, and water from a mineral spring respectively. Second, the result of a survey regarding a recognition and stand on water presents that the quality of purified water and mineral water is generally trusted, not including tap water. A majority of teachers barely had any ideas on the process of tap water supplies and sewage disposal system. Third, another survey was performed to determine whether there's a gender difference on a general recognition of and stand on water usage, actual practice of water saving and love for water. As a result, 7 out of 25 questions showed the difference of significance by p<.05. As for tap water service and sewage disposal system, there were differences on 5 out of 6 questions, indicating that male teachers are more knowledgable than their female counterparts. Fourth, the result of the research about the recognition and attitudes about water and water saving of the teachers who were categorized by the age group showed that 14 questions of the 25 questions had differences in p<.05 level. Teachers in their twenties and thirties had less interest than those in their forties and fifties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 1996

Wood chips of oak(Quercus mongolica) and larch(Larix leptolepis) were treated with low pressure steaming explosion. Main components of exploded wood were separated with hot water and methanol extraction. Crude lignin separated from those extractives were purified and those chemical characteristics were investigated. And also, lignin adhesive was prepared from crude lignin and studied those chemical characteristics. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. The purified lignin by Bj$\ddot{o}$kman's method from crude lignin is about 30% in exploded oak wood and is about 11% in exploded larch wood as a low amount. 2. The phenolic hydroxyl groups in the purified lignins are little higher than those of MWL and molecular weight distributions of the purified lignins are some lower than that of MWL. 3. Alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products are very low in the clude lignin but those are increased in the purified lignin 4. The gravity of lignin resins(1.15 and 1.13) are a little lower than that of phenol resin(1.16) and the compressive shearing strength of lignin resins are higher than those of phenol resin.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-28
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• 2017

Objectives : The contents of aconitine in aconiti radix lateralis preparata, purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was analyzed to compare toxicity. Toxicity of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was assessed with a single oral toxicity test on 6-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : 1. The contents of aconitine in Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was analyzed using the purity test according to the "Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia". 2. 2,000mg/kg was injected for the single oral toxicity test of purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and the test was done for a test group (injection) and a control group, each with 5 male and 5 female rats. For 14 days after injection, rats were observed for general symptoms and changes in weight. Afterwards, blood biochemical test, autopsy, and histophathological exam of the liver was conducted. Results : 1. The contents of aconitine was 0.0785% for Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, 0.1510% for purified hot water extract of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, and 0.1248% for purified hot water extract of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. 2. There was no death of either male or female rats in both the control group and the test group (injection of 2,000mg/kg). 3. No unusual symptom was observed in both the control group and the test group (injection of 2,000mg/kg). 4. No significant change in weight was observed for both male and female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). 5. The histopathological exam of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and LDH showed no significant changes for both male and female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). 6. According to the autopsy results, no visible abnormality of organs or tissues was found in both the control group and the test group (2,000mg/kg). 7. According to the histopathological exam of the liver, the effect of the injected material was not observed for either male or female rats in the test group (2,000mg/kg). Conclusions : The contents of aconitine in Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata was lower for decoction of Sambutang-P with ginseng radix alba than for decoction of only Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. This suggests that ginseng radix alba can dilute toxicity of Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata. As for a single oral toxicity test of Sambutang-P that contains Aconiti Radix lateralis preparata, no abnormal reaction was observed even when the injection amount far exceeded a toxic dose or a lethal dose. Thus, it is deemed that using Sambutang-P at a clinically prescribed dose would not lead to hepatoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1107-1108
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• 2006

As expanding municipal and industrial areas since started the economic development plan in earnest in 1970's, the water resource, mainly river surface water has been seriously polluted. Nevertheless, being upgraded in their treatment technologies for the drinking water, the safety has been issued one of crucially social problem in Korea. The water authorities has tried to improve the quality such as amending the drinking water quality standard to be monitored; hazardous chemicals and microorganis have been added and now 55 items, before 47 items, since in 2002. The Water Authorities of Seoul, the capital city of Korea, planned to assess the safty of drinking water quality after amended the standard. This study was conducted to assess the risk due to polluted chemicals including 21 heavy metals, VOCs, pesticides, PAHs, DBPs and organic chemicals among the regulated items. The risk assessment were undertaken hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization. For the exposoure assessment, tap water, bottled water and purified water were sampled and analyzed in February, 2004. Risk characterization of detected chemicals was categorized into carcinogenecity and noncarcinogenecity, and estimated the excess of carcinogens and compapared with the reference dose (RfD) of noncarcinogenns. The excess risk of carcinogens from samples were considered comparatively in the acceptable levels; $10^{-6}$ for cancer risk and hazard quotient (HQ) 1.0 for noncancer risk. The deteced levels were estimated in $10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-6}$ of cancer risk and below 1.0 of HQ of noncancer risk. While three kinds of water were determined within the acceptal levels, DBPs were detected in tap water and purified were and some undesireable chemicals such as more fluoride detected rather than the quality stanadard. For the drinking water safety, it shoud be continuously monitored, assessed and managed as well risk communiction between the authoritis and public.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-109
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of vitamin C and lactic acid bacteria count in Dongchimi used different kinds of water (distilled water, purified water, Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water). Dongchimi used different kinds of water was fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ for 46 days. The changes of pH on Dongchimi used different kinds of water decreased in all samples during fermentation period, and then showed a slow decrease after 12 days of fermentation. The total acidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water arrived slowly at best tasting condition(0.3~0.4 point) compared with other conditions. The changes of salt content were ranked high one by one , Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water>purified water>distilled water during fermentation period. At early stage of fermentation, the changes of turbidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed highly as compared with other test conditions for 12 days of fermentation. Vitamin C content was measured high in Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water during the fermentation period. Because calcium content was high in carbonated natural water, carbonated natural water had the highest calcium content during the fermentation period. The changes of lactic acid bacteria count showed the highest price at all experimental groups in 15 days of fermentation, but those of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed the highest price in 19 days of fermentation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2000

We investigated anti-diabetic effect of the crude extracts and lectin purified from the leaves of Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yu. The induction of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by the presence of statistically significant greater serum glucose levels in strptozotocin-treated rats compared with the untreated non-diabetic group. There are no significant differences in the serum glucose levels compared extracts and purified lectin to tap water in the non-diabetic group after administration through the oral cavity in 29 day. But for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats the serum glucose level in extracts after administration through the oral cavity was strikely decreased to 36% than tap water in 29 day. Significantly lower glucose level was obtained at 2 hr and 4 hr after administration of purified lectin(0.4 mg/kg) through the peritoneal cavity. These results provide an evidence that Viscum album lectin has an andti-diabetic effect pharmacologically.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2000

To evaluate anticaries and antiinflammation of Aloe vera peel, antimicrobial substances were extracted from Aloe vera peel and identified. The antimicrobial active substances of water extract were successfully purified with solvent fractionation, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography and UV spectrophotometer. Two purified active substances were identified as aloe-emodin and barbaloin by Mass Spectrometer, 1H-NMR and FT-IR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2006

This study was progressed on the freezing behavior of waste water in relation to freeze concentration method useful to waste water treatment system of small and middle size and which can re-use purified water. The object of this experiment is comparing a pollutant contain of the frozen layer and of an aqueous solution by cooling wall temperature, a flow field effect and a initial thickness of frozen layer.