• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.602-606
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated total 26 ingredients of Saengshik which will be commercially produced as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirteen vegetables, nine cereals, three legumes and one seed were extracted with aqueous ethanol for 2 h at $60^{\circ}C$, and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. RESULTS: All ingredients inhibited ${\alpha}$-amylase activity except cabbage. Strong inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase was observed in leek, black rice, angelica and barley compared with acarbose as a positive control. Stronger inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was found in small water dropwort, radish leaves, sorghum and cabbage than acarbose. All Saengshik ingredients suppressed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity in the range of 0.3-60.5%. Most ingredients contained total phenols which were in the range of 1.2-229.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. But, total phenolic contents were not observed in carrot, pumpkin and radish. All ingredients contained flavonoid in the range of 11.6-380.7 mg catechin equivalent/g dried extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Saengshik containing these ingredients would be an effective dietary supplement for diabetes.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

Pesto were prepared with five different nuts including pine nut, sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, walnut and almond to examine the antioxidant properties(total polyphenols, total flavonoids, electron donating ability) and sensory test(attribute difference, acceptance). Pesto were measured based on color value, pH, viscosity, total cell numbers for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days at $4^{\circ}C$. The higher total phenol and total flavonoid content of pesto added with various nuts was higher antioxidant capacity. Basil pesto added with sunflower seeds and walnuts were considered to be more functional more than pine nuts addition. The attribute difference test results was the color intensity, nut taste, bitter taste, coarseness, oily taste, thickness were evaluated significant difference kinds of nuts. Gloss, basil flavor, nuts flavor, basil taste were not evaluated significant difference in kind of nuts. The preference test results reveal that the appearance, taste, texture and overall preference level was the highest in PNP(pinenut pesto) and SSP(sunflower seed). L value, pH, decrease while a value, b value and viscosity increased as kind of nuts in during storage. Total cell number increased and then decreased a little at a certain point. When prepared pesto, SSP(sunflower seed) was the highest in antioxidant property, and change of color value, pH, viscosity, total cell number were the lowest. In addition to the use of pine nuts, sunflower seeds have been identified are possible.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Eleven types of nuts and seeds were analyzed to determine their energy (326-733 mg), moisture (1.6-18.3 mg), carbohydrate (8.8-70.9 mg), protein (4.9-30.5 mg), lipid (2.5-69.8 mg), and ash (1.2-5.5 mg) contents per 100 g of sample. Energy content was highest in pine nuts (733 mg/100 g), carbohydrate level was highest in dried figs (70.9 mg/100 g) and protein was highest in peanuts (30.5 mg/100 g). The amino acid compositions of nuts and seeds were characterized by the dominance of hydrophobic (range = 1,348.6-10,284.6 mg), hydrophilic (range = 341.1-3,244.3 mg), acidic (range = 956.1-8,426.5 mg), and basic (range = 408.6-4,738.5 mg) amino acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were highest in macadamia nuts (81.3%), whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest in the walnuts (76.7%). Macadamia nuts did not contain any vitamin E, whereas sunflower seeds contained the highest level (60.3 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) content was highest in pumpkin seeds ($95.85{\pm}33.01$ ppm), zinc (Zn) content was highest in pistachios ($67.24{\pm}30.25$ ppm), copper (Cu) content was greatest in walnuts ($25.45{\pm}21.51$ ppm), and lead (Pb) content was greatest in wheat nuts ($25.49{\pm}4.64$ ppm), significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, current commercial nuts and seeds have no safety concerns, although further analysis of Pb contents is necessary to ensure safety.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.4 s.49
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• pp.191-195
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• 1981

Cucurbits including pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), gourd (Lagenariaa siceraria), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon(Cucumis melo) and watermelon(Cucurbita anguria) were diseased with mosaic symptoms. The causal virus was identified as watermelon mosaic virus(WMV). The WMV was transmitted by Myzus persicae Sulzer, and no seed borne virus was found. The virus caused large local lesions on the inoculated leaves of the Chenopodium amaranticolor and mosaic symptom on the upper leaves of Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Lagenaria siceraria, Cucurbita anguria and Cucurbita pepo. There were no symptoms on the inoculated leaves of the Nicotiana tabacum var. Bright yellow, Nicotiana glutinosa, Vigna unguiculata. Petunia hybrida and Datura stramonium. Thermal inactivation point was $55\~65^{\circ}C$, dilution end point was $10^{-4}\;10^{-5}$ and longevity in vitro of the virus was $7\~8$ days. The virus showed positive reaction against watermelon mosaic virus antiserum in microprecipitin tests. The virus particles were flexuous rods in size of 750 nm.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2019

This study was carried out to test the antimicrobial activities of nano metal hybrid materials produced by plasma technologies (radio frequency-thermal plasma system and direct current sputtering system) against microbes isolated from cucurbit (watermelon, pumpkin, and gourd) seeds. Eight different nano metal hybrid materials and four carriers were tested against five different fungal and ten different bacterial isolates in vitro. Among the tested nano metal hybrid material, Brass/CaCO₃ (1,000 ppm) exhibited 100% antimicrobial effect against all the five tested fungi. However, nano metal hybrid material Brass/CaCO₃ (1,000 ppm) inhibited only four bacterial isolates, Weissella sp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Burkholderia sp., and Enterococcus sp. at 100% level, and did not inhibited other six bacterial isolates. Nano metal hybrid material graphite-nickel (G-Ni) showed 100% inhibition rate against Rhizopus stolonifer and 52.94-71.76% inhibition rate against four different fungal isolates. Nano metal hybrid material G-Ni did not show any inhibition effects against tested ten bacterial isolates. In summary, among the tested eight different nano metal hybrid materials and four carriers, Brass/CaCO₃ showed inhibition effects against five fungal isolates and four bacterial isolates, and G-Ni showed variable inhibition effects (52.94-100%) against five fungal isolates and did not show any inhibition effects against all the bacterial isolates.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.342-350
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• 2011

Throughout the years 2008 to 2010, we analyzed approximately two thousand oriental melon samples collected from Seongju, using electron microscopy and testing by RT-PCR using primers specific for eight cucurbit-infecting viruses. Data from RT-PCR indicated that Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV2) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were present and the other viruses were not detected. Among them, CGMMV and WMV2 were the most prevalent pathogens. CGMMV was thought to infect oriental melon from the early growing season, and reached nearly 100% in the later of growing period. Otherwise, WMV2 emerged from June, several months later compared to CGMMV. CGMMV was detected from all aerial parts of the oriental melon including seeds, but not from the roots of the grafted pumpkin rootstock. Seed of two out of five commercial varieties were shown to be CGMMV positive. Nine varieties of pumpkins used as rootstocks were not infected with CGMMV. When the seedlings of grafted oriental melon were transplanted into pots mixed with the oriental melon debris infected with CGMMV, they were not infected by CGMMV. Cutting of pruning shear and the contact of tendrils contributed 48% and 30% to the transmission of the virus, respectively.