Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase as anti-diabetic function

  • Kim, Misook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Eunji (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Kwak, Han Sub (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University) ;
  • Jeong, Yoonhwa (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2013.12.31
  • Accepted : 2014.01.27
  • Published : 2014.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated total 26 ingredients of Saengshik which will be commercially produced as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirteen vegetables, nine cereals, three legumes and one seed were extracted with aqueous ethanol for 2 h at $60^{\circ}C$, and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. RESULTS: All ingredients inhibited ${\alpha}$-amylase activity except cabbage. Strong inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-amylase was observed in leek, black rice, angelica and barley compared with acarbose as a positive control. Stronger inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was found in small water dropwort, radish leaves, sorghum and cabbage than acarbose. All Saengshik ingredients suppressed ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity in the range of 0.3-60.5%. Most ingredients contained total phenols which were in the range of 1.2-229.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. But, total phenolic contents were not observed in carrot, pumpkin and radish. All ingredients contained flavonoid in the range of 11.6-380.7 mg catechin equivalent/g dried extract. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Saengshik containing these ingredients would be an effective dietary supplement for diabetes.

Keywords

References

  1. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1553-79. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553
  2. World Health Organization. Diabetes [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 [cited 2012 Dec 4]. Available from: http://www. who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/.
  3. Bhandari MR, Jong-Anurakkun N, Hong G, Kawabata J. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities of Nepalese medicinal herb pakhanbhed (Bergenia ciliata, Haw.). Food Chem 2008;106:247-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.077
  4. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KR) Korean food standards codex [Internet]. Cheongwon: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2012 [cited 2012 Dec 4]. Available from: http://fse.foodnara.go.kr/residue/ RS/jsp/menu_02_01_03.jsp?idx = 96.
  5. Hwang JK. Function of uncooked foods. Food Ind Nutr 2002;7:16-9.
  6. Kim HY, Kim JH, Lee SA, Chang HE, Park MH, Hwang SJ, Lee JY, Mok C, Hong SG. Saengshik, a formulated health food, prevents liver damage in CCl4-induced mice and increases antioxidant activity in elderly women. J Med Food 2008;11:323-30. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.549
  7. Park SH, Han JH. The effects of uncooked powdered food on nutrient intake, serum lipid level, dietary behavior and health index in healthy women. Korean J Nutr 2003;36:49-63.
  8. Ha TY, Kim NY. The effects of uncooked grains and vegetables with mainly brown rice on weight control and serum components in Korean overweight/obese female. Korean J Nutr 2003;36:183-90.
  9. Lee E, Kim WJ, Lee YJ, Lee MK, Kim PG, Park YJ, Kim SK. Effects of natural complex food on specific enzymes of serum and liver and liver microstructure of rats fed a high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2003;32:256-62. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.2.256
  10. Kim M, Kim ES, Park MH, Hwang SJ, Jeong Y. Saengshik, a formulated health food, decreases blood glucose and increases survival rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med Food 2004;7:162-7. https://doi.org/10.1089/1096620041224030
  11. Kim YM, Wang MH, Rhee HI. A novel ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor from pine bark. Carbohydr Res 2004;339:715-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2003.11.005
  12. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamulela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol 1999;299:152-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
  13. Dewanto V, Wu X, Adom KK, Liu RH. Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:3010-4. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0115589
  14. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebenson Wiss Technol 1995;28:25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
  15. Park JH, Kim RY, Park E. Antidiabetic activity of fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in Korea: Inhibitory potential against ${\alpha}$ -glucosidase and insulin-like action in vitro. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012;21:1187-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0155-5
  16. Davis SN, Granner DK. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, editors. Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York (NY): Mcgraw-Hill; 2001. p.1701-7.
  17. Balfour JA, McTavish D. Acarbose. An update of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in diabetes mellitus. Drugs 1993;46:1025-54. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199346060-00007
  18. Alu'datt MH, Ereifej K, Abu-Zaiton A, Alrababah M, Almajwal A, Rababah T, Yang W. Anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive effects of extracted phenolics and hydrolyzed peptides from barley protein fractions. Int J Food Prop 2012;15:781-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.503357
  19. Enoki T, Ohnogi H, Nagamine K, Kudo Y, Sugiyama K, Tanabe M, Kobayashi E, Sagawa H, Kato I. Antidiabetic activities of chalcones isolated from a Japanese Herb, Angelica keiskei. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:6013-7. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070720q
  20. Sales PM, Souza PM, Simeoni LA, Silveira D. ${\alpha}$-Amylase inhibitors: a review of raw material and isolated compounds from plant source. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;15:141-83. https://doi.org/10.18433/J35S3K
  21. Mentreddy SR. Medicinal plant species with potential antidiabetic properties. J Sci Food Agric 2007;87:743-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2811
  22. Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ. Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2005;65:385-411. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200565030-00005
  23. Tadera K, Minami Y, Takamatsu K, Matsuoka T. Inhibition of alphaglucosidase and alpha-amylase by flavonoids. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2006;52:149-53. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.52.149
  24. Ramkumar KM, Thayumanavan B, Palvannan T, Rajaguru P. Inhibitory effect of Gymnema montanum leaves on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and their relationship with polyphenolic content. Med Chem Res 2010;19:948-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-009-9241-5
  25. McCue P, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Anti-amylase, anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase and anti-angiotesin I-converting enzyme potential of selected foods. J Food Biochem 2005;29:278-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00020.x
  26. Wongsa P, Chaiwarit J, Zamaludien A. In vitro screening of phenolic compounds, potential inhibition against ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase of culinary herbs in Thailand. Food Chem 2012;131:964-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.088
  27. Dembinska-Kiec A, Mykkanen O, Kiec-Wilk B, Mykkanen H. Antioxidant phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr 2008;99 E Suppl 1:ES109-17.
  28. Shim JS, Kim SD, Kim TS, Kim KN. Biological activities of flavonoid glycosides isolated from Angelica keiskei. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2005;37:78-83.
  29. Hertog MG, Hollman PC, Katan MB. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherland. J Agric Food Chem 1992;40:2379-83. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a011
  30. Formica JV, Regelson W. Review of the biology of Quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:1061-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)00077-1
  31. Moon GS, Ryu BM, Lee MJ. Components and antioxidative activities of buchu (Chinese chives) harvested at different times. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2003;35:493-8.
  32. Lee JO, Ryu SH, Lee YS, Kim JI, Moon GS. Protective effect of dietary Buchu (Allium tuberosum Rottler) on oxidative stress and lipofuscin formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2003;32:1337-43. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.8.1337

Cited by

  1. The Protective Effect of Marigold Hydroalcoholic Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Evaluation of Cardiac and Pancreatic Biomarkers in the Serum vol.2016, pp.2090-0139, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9803928
  2. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Diabetes vol.9, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091014
  3. Assessment of microbiological contamination in saengshik products from the Korean market and identification of the irradiation status pp.2092-6456, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0273-1
  4. Marine Peptides as Potential Agents for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Prospect vol.15, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/md15040088
  5. Hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins hydrolyzed by alcalase and bromelain produced bioactive peptide fractions that inhibit targets of type-2 diabetes and oxidative stress vol.76, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.046
  6. Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) attenuates carbohydrate hydrolyzing, blood pressure regulating and cholinergic enzymes in experimental type 2 diabetes rat model vol.28, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0001
  7. Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn) attenuates carbohydrate hydrolyzing, blood pressure regulating and cholinergic enzymes in experimental type 2 diabetes rat model vol.28, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0001
  8. Sargassum sagamianum Extract Alleviates Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Mice vol.23, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2018.23.2.122
  9. PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant Extract: In vitro Determination of Biological Properties and Minerals Bioaccessibility vol.16, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180622110952
  10. Fresh Saengshik Showed a Positive Effect on Mitigating Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice vol.23, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2019.4502
  11. A study on nutritional and functional study properties of Mayan plant foods as a new proposal for type 2 diabetes prevention vol.341, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128247
  12. Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ): A food with functional properties aimed to type 2 diabetes prevention and management vol.86, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15939
  13. Anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf flavonoids through inhibiting α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase vol.57, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15026