• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the Intravenous Urography test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the Intravenous UrographyI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the Intravenous Urography test.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.431-452
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• 1993

This study was done to determine the effect of music therapy on stress and quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre -post test design. The subjects consisted of 21 patients who received hemodialysis in two hospitals located in Kwang Ju. The fourteen receiving treatment in one hospital were assigned to the experimental group and the seven in the other hospital to the control group. Data were gathered from December 14, 1992 to January 16, 1993 through questionnaires and physiological measurement. Data were analyzed by the SAS package using frequency, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson Prod uct - Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups on stress scores and quality of life scores before the treatment. 2. The mean score on the psychological stress scale for the patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.48 out of a maximum mean score of four, the items with high stress scores were “feeling of weakness and annoyed by everything”, “limitation of food”, “limitation of fluid”, “change in skin color” in that order. The psychological category showed the highest stress score followed by developmental, scoioeconomic and physiological stress categories in that order. 3. In the experimental group, post - test diastolic blood pressure decerased significantly(t=3.24, p=0.0064), but in the control group pre and post - test diastolic blood pressure were not different. 4. There was no difference between the two groups on the pre and post -test psychological stress scores or the depression scores. 5. The mean score of quality of life for patients undergoing hemodialysis was 2.75 out of a maxi-mum mean score of five. The category of ‘emtional state’ showed the highest score followed by ‘self - esteem’, ‘physical state and function’, ‘economic life’, ‘relationship with neighbors’ and ‘family relationship’ categories in that order. There was no significant difference in the pre and post - test quality of life scores between the two groups. 6. Hypothesis 1 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy is divided into two sub - hypotheses. 1) The first sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less physiological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was partly supported. Among three physiological stress indices (pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), only diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after the treatment in the experimental group. 2) The second sub-hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less psychological stress than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was not supported. Psychological stress score and depression score were not significantly different before and after the treatment. 7. Hypothesis 2 that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have a higher quality of life score than patients undergoing. hemodialysis who did not received music therapy was not supported. There were no significant changes in the quality of life scores before and after the treatment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

This study was intended to prepare a basis to apply one time laughter therapy in clinical circumstances as an intervention for reducing job stress and improve job involvement of geriatric hospital workers by identifying the effect of one time laughter therapy on their physiological stress responses, job stress, and job involvement. This study was a Non-Equivalent control group pre-post design to validate the effect of one time laughter therapy. The participants of this study included 80 staffs of 2 geriatric hospitals located in I city, including 40 persons in each experimental and control group. Consent was obtained from the participants, after explaining sufficiently study purpose, blood pressure and pulse rate measurement, serum cortisol level measurement, and a questionnaire on job stress and job involvement and data collection was performed 2 times each, before and after the experimental procedure. For the collected data, frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation, χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and t-test were conducted using SPSS Win 19.0. The results of this study were as follows. The systolic blood pressure and the serum cortisol level were reduced significantly. It was found that although there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in job stress and job involvement. Therefore, it was identified that the one time laughter therapy was an effective nursing intervention to reduce physiological stress response of geriatric hospital workers.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-95
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• 2002

1. As a point at issue of occidental medicine examination, followings have been indicated, 1) Occidental medical examination is performed by mainly test and instrument and therefore, role of doctors could be excluded and it could be diagnosed only for target disease and 2) in Korea, it could not be conducted in public medical system and therefore improvement effect of public health promotion could not be made due to increase of total medical expenses and infirmity of post management. These points are substantial limit of paradigm resided in occidental medicine and also problem caused by unique characteristics of medical system of Korea. In Korea, result of occidental medical examination show increased health risk from aged thirties and major diagnosed diseases are circulatory disease or chronic disease such as hepatic, hyperlipemic, hypertensional disease and diabetes, etc. Accounting that those chronic disease make a role as major public health risk, it is difficult that medical examination by only occidental medicine make effect on public health promotion. 2. Characteristics of oriental medicine examination could be summarized as diagnosis (information acquisition based on the facts) and demonstration (speculation based on acquired information) and in addition, quadruple diagnosis, as a medical examination method, include test as well as basic examination. Accounting on oriental medical examination, principally it is performed by independent herbalist and therefore, herbalist could acquire systemic result during first medical examination. Based on the theory of inner-outer examination, oriental medical examination has a principle of universe theory, systemic analysis of quadruple diagnosis, demonstration & reasoning. In addition, root of oriental medical examination could be found in pre-disease theory, a principal theory of oriental medicine. Pre-disease service could prove the advantage of oriental medicine in medical examination activities and therefore, it is needed that content of oriental medical examination should be actualized in current medical system. 3. In this study, oriental medical examination program, comprised of pulse-diagnosis, contrast muscular taking and medical consultation of herbalist is progressed communally with occidental medical examination. As pre-examination, questionary was given of general characteristics, health promoting life style, physical constitution and subjective symptom of musculoskeletal system. In addition, post-examination notification was given to subjects about health promoting control, physical constitution regimen and management of musculoskeletal system. During this study program, verification was conducted for input of acquired information and difference of each information after analysis and in addition, performed was analysis of factor influencing health promoting life style and musculoskeletal subjective symptom and evaluation of relationship of physical constitution and health promoting life study. In addition, it was verified of difference between musculoskeletal subjective symptom and result of muscle contrast picture evaluation. 4. Evaluation of oriental medical examination model is divided into 2 categories of oriental medical examination-consultation and result evaluation -post management. Oriental medical examination-consultation demands establishment of examination system, standardization of examination and establishment of examination form and in addition, it should be admitted as enlarged examination assists systemic quadruple diagnosis of herbalist not a key of oriental medical examination. In addition, information acquisition for research purpose should be performed according to the systemic research plan based on the separation of questionary for examination purpose and research purpose. For evaluation of the result, it was concluded that needed are result evaluation meets oriental medical system and post-notification system, informing health management information, based on examination result. 5. Accounting on satisfaction for oriental medical examination model, affirmative reply was much higher (66%) than negative (8.64%). Satisfaction of each area was in order of consultation of herbalist, systemic muscle contrast taking, pulse examination, post-notification and questionary fill-up and dissatisfaction was in order of post-notification, questionary fill-up, consultation of herbalist, systemic muscle contrast taking and pulse measurement. Satisfaction for collaborative examination of occidental and oriental medicine was over 60% and over 75% hope oriental examination would be included in later medical examination program. Based on this result, collaborative examination including occidental and oriental medicine could increase satisfaction of subjects for medical examination program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.991-998
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the image quality of the SE-EPI and SSH-TSE technique for MR DWI. Datum were analyzed for 35 PACS transmission datum(Normal part: 12 males, 13 females, Cerebral Infarction: 10(5males and 5females), and average age 68±7.32), randomly selected patients who underwent MRDWI tests. The equipment used was Ingenia CX 3.0T, SSH_TSE and SE-EPI pulse sequence and 32 Ch. head coil were used for data acquisition. Image evaluation was performed on the paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests, and was considered significant when the p value was 0.05 or less. As a result of quantitative analysis of SNR for DWI images, the mean and standard deviation values of 4 parts (WM, GM, BG, Cerebellum) in ADC (s/mm2), Diffusion b=0, 1000 images were higher in SE-EPI techniques(ADC: 120.50 ± 40, b=0: 54.50 ± 35.91, b=1000: 91.61 ± 36.63) than in SSH-TSE techniques(ADC: 99.69 ± 31.10, b=0: 43.52 ± 25.00 , b=1000: 60.74 ± 24.85)(p<0.05). The CNR values for GM-WM, BG-WM sites were also higher in SE-EPI technique (ADC: 116.08 ± 43.30, b=0:27.23 ± 09.10, b=1000: 78.50 ± 16.56) than in SSH-TSE(ADC: 101.08 ± 36.81, b=0: 23.96 ± 07.79 , b=1000: 74.30 ± 14.22). As a visual evaluation of observers, ghost artifact, magnetic susceptibility artifacts and overall image quality for SE-TSE and SSH-TSE all yielded high results from SSH-TSE techniques(ADC:3.6 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.2, b=0: 4.3 ± 0.3, 3.4 ± 0.1 b=1000: 4.3 ± 0.2, 3.5 ± 0.2, p=0.000). In conclusion, the SE-EPI technique obtained an superiority in SNR and CNR measurements using SSH-TSE, SE-EPI. In the qualitative analysis, the SSH-TSE pulse sequence was obtained a high result according to the pulse sequence characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2019

This study was to compare arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses between male smokers and non-smokers. This study also investigates the influences of smoking before exercise on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses. 24 male subjects of age 20-29 without history of cardiorespiratory disease were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had more than 5 years of smoking experience. In order to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise smoking, smokers were tested twice, once with a cigarette before the exercise and the other once without one. Data was collected from bio-impedance analysis, SphygmoCor XCEL, graded exercise test, and fitness test. Main results of this study are as follows: First, there are differences between smokers and non-smokers in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by maximal oxygen consumption, exercise duration, and heart rate. Second, the although the arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically significant differences in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, smoker had a faster rate. It shows that smoking behavior has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Third, pre-exercise smoking behavior does have an impact on cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by exercise duration and heart rate. Lastly, arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically not significant in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Brachial systolic pressure, a component of pulse wave analysis, on the other hand, was significantly dependent on pre-exercise smoking behavior. Subjects who participated in this study are college students in early 20s. Given their relatively short history of smoking, it is possible that their smoking habits are not severe enough to develop into cardiorespiratory or cardiovascular diseases. But Smokers showed lower levels of cardiopulmonary functions, as maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration than nonsmokers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.111
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• pp.773-787
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• 2006

An airborne radar is an essential aviation electronic system for the aircraft to perform various civil and/or military missions in all weather environments. This paper presents the design, development, and test results of the multi-mode X-band pulsed Doppler radar system test model for helicopter-borne flight test. This radar system consists of 4 LRUs(Line-Replacement Unit), which include antenna unit, transmitter and receiver unit, radar signal & data processing unit and display Unit. The developed core technologies include the planar array antenna, TWTA transmitter, coherent I/Q detector, digital pulse compression, MTI, DSP based Doppler FFT filter, adaptive CFAR, moving clutter compensation, platform motion stabilizer, and tracking capability. The design performance of the developed radar system is verified through various ground fixed and moving vehicle test as well as helicopter-borne field tests including MTD(Moving Target Detector) capability for the Doppler compensation due to the moving platform motion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.43-49
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• 1998

Retardation effect of heavy metals in soils caused by adsorption onto the surfaces of solids particles is well known phenomena. The adsorption of metal ions has been recognized more strong in clay mineral and organic matter contents rather than sands and gravels. In this study, we investigated the retardation effect in two sandy soils by conducting batch and column tests. The column tests were conducted to obtain the relationship between concentration and time known as breakthrough curve (BTC). We applied pulse type injection of ZnCl$_2$solution on the inlet boundary and monitored the effluent concentration at the exit boundary under steady state condition using EC-meter and ICP-AES. Batch test consisted of an equilibrium procedure for fine fractions collected from two sandy soils for various initial ZnCl$_2$concentrations, and analysis of Zn ions in equilibrated solution using ICP-AES. The results of column test showed that i) the peak concentration of Zn analyzed by ICP was far less than that detected by EC-meter for both soils and ii) travel times for peak concentration were more less identical for two different monitoring techniques. The first result can be explained by ion exchange between Zn and other cations initially present in the soil particles since ICP analysis showed a significant amount of Ca, Mg ions in the effluent. From the second result, we found that retardation effect was not present in these soils due to strong cation exchange capacity of Zn ion over other cations since we did not apply a solution containing more adsorptive cations such as Al. The result of batch test also showed high distribution coefficients (K$_{d}$) for two soils supporting the dominant ion exchange phenomena. Based on the retardation factor obtained from the Kd, we predicted the BTC using CDE model and compared with the BTC of Zn concentration obtained from ICP The predicted BTC, however, disagreed with the monitored in terms of travel time and magnitude of the peak concentrations. The only way to describe the prominent decrease of Zn ion was to introduce decay or sink coefficient in the CDE model to account for irreversible decrease of Zn ions in liquid phase.e.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness. [Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed. [Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups. [Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore musical development of 3- to S-year-old children and their musical home environment. The subjects were one hundred ninety-four children and their mothers enrolled in four kindergartens in Seoul. Each child sang the birthday song with peers in a birthday play setting. It was audiotaped for the children to sing the song. Questionnaire of musical home environment developed by the researchers was used for the mothers. The children's rhythm and pitch development were coded by the scoring categories of Project Spectrum(Krechevsky, 1994). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, there was no a significant difference in the children's rhythm development among three age-groups as well as between boys and girls. Among rhythm subcategories, the unit of note was ranked in the highest score and the pulse the next. Secondly, there were significant differences in children's pitch development among three age-groups and between boys and girls. The older children significantly achieved higher scores than the younger. Among pitch subcategories, the contour was ranked in the highest score and the interval the next. Thirdly, the children's musical development and their physical home environment related to music were correlated positively. The children's pitch development was significantly related to the mothers' musical attitude and the children's rhythm development to the mothers' educational levels.