• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.98-102
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical usefulness of Korean red ginseng (RG) on various postmenopausal syndromes. Total plasminogen inhibitor-l (tPAI-l) in peripheral blood from 9 postmenopausal women with climacteric syndromes (CS) was measured before and 3 months after treatment with daily oral administration of 6 g RG and that from 8 postmenopausal women without any CS was also measured as healthy controls. Blood samples were collected in the early morning on the bed-rest. Psychological conditions of postmenopausal women with CS were measured before and 3 months after treatment with RG using simplified menopausal index (SMI). In addition, OKETSU (blood stagnation) syndrome scores and KI deficiency (generalized energy stagnation) scores proposed by Terasawa et al., were recorded before and 3 months after treatment with RG in postmenopausal women with CS and in healthy postmenopausal women. OKETSU syndrome scores and tPAI-l levels in postmenopausal patients with CS were significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.01) higher than those in healthy postmenopausal women without CS. Similarly, SMI scores and KI deficiency scores in postmenopausal patients with CS were about three-fold higher than those without any CS. When RG was administered for 3 months, KI deficiency scores and OKETSU scores as well as SMI scores declined around the levels of healthy postmenopausal women. Although tPAI-1 levels significantly (P<0.05) decreased after treatment with RG, those did not reach the levels of healthy postmenopausal women. Clinical usefulness of administration of RG to postmenopausal women with CS was confirmed from evaluation not only by modem medicine but also by traditional KAMPO medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain with a low pain threshold. The aim of this study was to compare two criteria for the diagnosis and assessment of FM and to analyze the correlation and agreement between the 1990 and 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM. Methods: We studied 98 patients who had already been diagnosed as having FM using the 1990 criteria or 2010 preliminary criteria. Tender point examination, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ) and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were obtained. According to the preliminary criteria, FM was quantified as WPI (widespread pain index) and the SS scale (symptom severity) and the two criteria were compared. Results: Among 98 patients, 78.6% of the patients were diagnosed with the 1990 ACR criteria and 93.9% of the patients were diagnosed with the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria, and there was also significant agreement between the two criteria (P < 0.01). There was a correlation with the WPI and the tender point, with the SS and the FIQ, and with the sum of the WPI and SS and the FIQ. Conclusions: The ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM were in agreement with the 1990 ACR criteria during the disease course. The preliminary criteria were the more sensitive method than the 1990 criteria. In addition, the 2010 criteria might have advantages since it is easy to assess the physical and psychological symptoms and can be quantified. Therefore, the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM could be used more conveniently for clinical diagnosis and follow up evaluation after starting management of FM.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 2015

The noise of MRI shooting is 100dB loud and has an intensive psychological and physiological influences on the human body. ECG signals were measured by experimental methods, while wearing earplugs for 15 minutes in the stable state. Then the ECG signals were measured for 30 minutes while listening to about 100dB of sound in a MRI equipment. In this study, the heart rate variability of men and women was analyzed according to the MRI noise stress level through the frequency analysis. As the MRI noise level is about 100dB, HRV analysis resulted in an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic. During the period from the resting state up to 10 minutes, the maximum stress state was shown. This study will encourage MRI workers to take interests in hearing protection for the patient and to make objective indicators about MRI noises.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.298-308
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• 2013

The elderly population in Korea is rapidly growing. As the population ages, meals become a greater concern, as physical and psychological health problems are directly affected by dietary life, especially for the lower-income elderly. Although the government provides support through a free congregate meal service, there is a lack of systematic management of this meal service. This study investigates the experience of the elderly, especially the symbolic meaning and issues regarding the congregate meal service in their dietary life, to establish strategies for improving congregate meal services. Qualitative data was collected from ten elderly receivers of meal services through in-depth interviews and data was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research methods. Overall, 90 significant statements, 13 formulated meanings, and five theme clusters were deduced. The five theme clusters for the importance of meal services to the elderly included the followings: "a real meal", "enjoyment of living", "maintenance of regular life", "place for social life" and "meal of silence". We found that the elderly regarded the congregate free meal service not only as meals to appreciate but also as a form of social life. Furthermore, the elderly did not typically express any complaints regarding congregate meal services because they are free. The results showed that it might be difficult to evaluate the quality of meal services based on the opinions of the service receivers. This study suggests it is necessary to develop multilateral evaluation methods to reflect the needs of the elderly and to improve the congregate meal services at elderly welfare centers.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the exposure levels to emotional labor, occupational and socio-psychological stress, and fatigue for workers engaged in the fields of beauty business (make-up, skin, nail, and hair). For this purpose, a survey was carried out and a statistical analysis was performed for 813 persons As a result, emotional labor was found to be linked with 3 factors of emotional control, emotional dissonance, and positive emotional expression. The exposure level of emotional control was found to be high in the area of hair care and that of positive emotional expression was high in the area of nail care. Based on evaluation of Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), the stress were found to be highest among workers engaged in the field of make-up and lowest among those in the field of nail. The exposure level of psychosocial stress was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care. The exposure level of fatigue was found to be the highest in the area of make-up and the lowest in the area of nail care, showing a difference in the exposure level of stress by area of beauty business. The study confirmed that there is a difference in the exposure level related to emotional labor, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue by area of beauty business.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate important human factors that should be considered when developing ultra-high definition TVs by reviewing measurement methods and main characteristics of ultra-high definition displays. Background: Although much attention has been paid to high-definition displays, there have been few studies for systematically evaluating human factors. Method: In order to determine human factors to be considered in developing human-friendly displays, we reviewed subjective and objective measurement methods to figure out the current limitations and establish a guideline for developing human-centered ultra-high definition TVs. In doing so, pros and cons of both subjective and objective measurement methods for assessing humans factors were discussed and specific aspects of ultra-high definition displays were also investigated in the literature. Results: Hazardous effects such as visually-induced motion sickness, visual fatigue, and mental fatigue in the brain caused by undesirable TV viewing are induced by not only temporal decay of visual function but also cognitive load in processing sophisticated external information. There has been a growing evidence that individual differences in visual and cognitive ability to process external information can make contrary responses after exposing to the same viewing situation. A wide vision, ultra-high definition TVs provide, can has positive and negative influences on viewers depending on their individual characteristics. Conclusion: Integrated measurement methods capable of considering individual differences in human visual system are required to clearly determine potential effects of super-high vision displays with a wide view on humans. All of brainwaves, autonomic responses, eye functions, and psychological responses should be simultaneously examined and correlated. Application: The results obtained in this review are expected to be a guideline for determining optimized viewing factors of ultra-high definition displays and accelerating successful penetration of the next-generation displays into our daily life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

With the dynamically changing environment of society, managing change is the vital element of organizations's survival and growth. Health care organizations have expended enormous resources to restructure patient care delivery. Despite the growing literature describing these organizational innovations, there is a paucity of credible data that reflects systematic measurement and evaluation of such changes. This study examined the nurses' psychological response toward the work process redesign, newly introduced by the nursing department in a acute care hospital. The aim of the study was to figure out how nurses's general perception of change and perceived attributes of change affected their acceptance of change during the organizational transition. This was descriptive- correlational. The sample for the study included 50 head nurses and 135 staff nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS PC+, version 10.0. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the mean score of the perception of change was 71.2(SD=13.8) with the range of 0-100, which means nurses generally perceived change positively. There were significant differences in perception of change by gender and education level. Head nurses perceived change more positively than staff nurses. The higher education level showed the more positive view of change. Second, among the perceived attributes of change, trialability had the highest mean score, which means nurses perceived the change more positively if it is testable on a limited basis. Relative advantage was perceived the most negatively. Finally, factors influencing the acceptability of the work-process redesign were perceived comparability, complexity, relative advantage, and observability, which accounted for 43.7% of the variance in the acceptability of change. This study evaluated the preliminary effects of the nursing process for reengineering, focusing on nurses' acceptability towards change. The usefulness of this research study was to determine the factors influencing acceptance of organizational members during transitional periods of change and to suggest effective strategies for increasing adoption as well as for decreasing resistance to change.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

This study conducted a qualitative research based on interviews with school teachers and instructors operating external activities about how the management of one's own appearance influence the changes in subjective happiness and self-esteem by focusing on maladjusted students of two alternative schools and ordinary middle and high schools in Gyeongsangnam-do province. Happiness refers to a positive emotion that can be felt continuously throughout life such as life satisfaction, good experience, and positive way of thinking. The sense of happiness is the satisfaction that one feels by interpreting and evaluating his or her experience in a positive way and can be defined as the positive emotions that can be felt when one perceives and uses the strengths and resources that he or she has. Although the self-esteem is formed, changed, and developed throughout life, the self-awareness and self-evaluation develop more actively than other stages of development particularly in adolescence, and the adolescents with low self-esteem are faced with more serious behavioral, scholastic, and psychological issues. I hope the results of this study not only help current adolescents at risk to improve their self-esteem but also become a chance to see the issue of adolescents at risk as a part of social issue instead of limiting the issue as personal or domestic issue by expanding the application scope of the results to adolescents in middle schools and high schools who have the potential of going astray in order to approach the issue on the level of the entire society.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.132-146
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the acceptance attitude scale and was to verify the reliability and validity of this scale. Study 1 was developed to acceptance attitude scale. First, we extracted the preliminary questions through literature research and previous studies. And the resulting data of to the open-ended questions and in-depth interviews with 324 college students were selected 24 preliminary questions using the content analysis method. Then through a survey of 355 college students conducted a reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis of the preliminary questions. As a result, 12 item with two sub-factors(externally acceptance, interally acceptance) was extracted. Study 2 was for the validation of the new acceptance attitude scale was conducted online surveys of 328 adults. Conducted a correlation analysis between new acceptance attitude scale and self-esteem, psychological wellbeing, depression, anxiety, fear of negative evaluation were verified for convergent validity. Finally, importance and limitation of this scale development and suggestions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.189-197
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• 2017

This study was done to develop and to evaluate a stress of clinical practice scale for nursing students. Based on a literature review, the first preliminary 40 questions were developed, which content validation by expert reviewers and a pilot study. To evaluate the validity and reliability of this preliminary scale, data were collected from 426 nursing students. Thirty seven items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 8 factors explaining 66.61% of total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity were 100.0%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 37 items was .96. The scale developed in this study that can be used to measure the stress with clinical practice of nursing students.