• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2017

The effects that ultraviolet rays elicit on collagen synthesis and degradation are the most common causes of wrinkle formation and photo-aging in skin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of Angelica acutiloba root ethanol extract (AAEE) to promote collagen synthesis and inhibit collagen degradation in human dermal fibroblasts. By examining total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, electron donating ability, radical scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase-like activity, we found that AAEE exhibited fairly good antioxidant activity. Treatment with AAEE significantly increased type I procollagen production by cultured fibroblasts, as well as reduced ultraviolet-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and MMP-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, AAEE significantly increased TIMP-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05), although without an associated dose-dependent increase in TIMP-1 protein expression. In summary, we suggest that AAEE may be a potentially effective agent for the prevention or alleviation of skin-wrinkle formation induced by ultraviolet rays.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

To screen the effective materials for hair loss treatment, the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts were tested. As a result we found that the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts have the hair growth promoting effect. After topical application of each test materials to the back of CS7BL/6 mice, the earlier conversion of telogen-to-anagen phase was induced. In the experiments of 5α-reductase type II inhibition assay, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Semen Cuscutae showed effective potential to inhibit the activity of 5α-reductase type II. And hair growth index of the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts ranked as 1.2, especially the hair growth index of Fructus Rubi is highest as 1.8. But there were no plant extracts which have effect on the DNA proliferation of hair dermal papilla cell measured by [³H]thymidine incorporation, the expression of growth factors such as IGF-I, KGF, HGF estimated by RT-PCR and protein synthesis of vibrissae hair follicle measured by [/sup 35/S] cysteine incorporation. Cortex Cinnamomi showed anti-bacterial effect on P. ovale, Radix Paeoniae Alba has the highest radical scavening activity and Radix Glycyrrhizae has the highest effects of NO synthesis. These results suggest that Gamissanghwa-tang can be used as a potent treatment agent for helping hair growth stimulation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2014

Mushrooms are considered not only as food but also for source of physiologically beneficial medicines. The culinary-medicinal mushrooms may important role in the prevention of age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), is edible mushrooms, is a parasitic fungus that grows hanging off of logs and trees and well established candidate for brain and nerve health. H. erinaceus contains high amounts of antioxidants, beta-glucan, polysaccharides and a potent catalyst for brain tissue regeneration and helps to improve memory and cognitive functions. Its fruiting bodies and the fungal mycelia exhibit various pharmacological activities, including the enhancement of the immune system, antitumor, hypoglycemic and anti-aging properties. H. erinaceus stimulates the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) which is the primary protein nutrient responsible for enhancing and repairing neurological disorders. Especially hericenones and erinacines isolated from its fruitin body stimulate NGF, synthesis. This fungus is also utilized to regulate blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. H. erinaceus can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials for neurodegerative disease.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-wrinkle effects of Aceriphyllum rossii leaf ethanol extract (ARLEE) in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of ARLEE were 578.6 and 206.3 mg/g, respectively. At a concentration of $250{\mu}g/mL$, the electron-donating ability of ARLEE was 87.1%. In comparison with the vehicle, ARLEE treatment at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased type I procollagen synthesis (p < 0.01) by 50.7%. In vitro ARLEE treatment (10 mg/mL) inhibited collagenase and elastase activity by 97.1% and 99.2%, respectively. Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 protein expression (p < 0.01) by 37.0%. ARLEE treatment at $50{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased MMP-1 protein expression (p < 0.01) by 46.1%. Ascorbic acid and ARLEE treatments at $100{\mu}g/mL$ significantly decreased MMP-1 mRNA expression (p < 0.01) by 26.1% and 36.1%, respectively. From these results, we conclude that ARLEE has excellent antioxidant activity and even better anti-wrinkle effects than ascorbic acid in human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that ARLEE could be used in functional cosmetics for the prevention or alleviation of skin wrinkles induced by ultraviolet rays.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein plays a major role in the development and maintenance of central and peripheral nervous system. Recent data suggest that reduced availability of NGF may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic $polyneuropathy.^{1)}$ In our previous study, steroidal saponin from Liriope platyphylla showed neurotrophic effect by stimulation of NGF synthesis and activation of tyrosine kinase $signaling.^{2)}$ In this study, we examined the neurotrophic effect of Liriope platyphylla (LP); which was from Mylyang(MYL) and Cheongyang(CHE), and Ophiopogon japonicus (CHI) on in vitro and in vivo model for the comparison of their NGF induction. We quantitatively analyzed spicatoside A in the LP and CHI by HPLC. And we investigated the correlation between the contents of spicatoside A and NGF induction efficacy on PC 12 cells and mouse serum. These results suggest that spicatoside A may enhance NGF induction in animal model.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1999

The SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ has been known to induce DNA synthesis. However, little is known about the putative effector proteins that associate with the domain. In this report, we provide evidence that the SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ associates with Shc, which has been implicated in the activation of p21Ras in response to many growth factors. The association between Shc and PLC-${\gamma}1$ is enhanced either by v-Src-induced transformation or EGF-stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, from transient expression studies with COS-7 cells, we show that the SH3 domain of PLC-${\gamma}1$ is required for association with Shc in vivo, whereas tyrosyl phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}1$ is not. Taken together, we suggest that Shc might be involved in the PLC-${\gamma}1$-mediated signaling pathway.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.704-712
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• 2022

Research on whitening materials using natural alternatives is actively being conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of Ranunculus chinensis Bunge (RCB) on melanogenesis and associated enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. We found that RCB extract significantly attenuated melanin synthesis and reduced the activity of intracellular tyrosinase, a rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Western blot analysis showed that RCB extract decreased the protein expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, it significantly decreased the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanogenesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation has been reported to be involved in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Thus, we investigated whether the hypopigmentary effects of RCB extract were related to the activation of ERK. RCB extract induced ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it markedly inhibited body pigmentation in a zebrafish model. Our results suggest that RCB extract inhibits melanogenesis by activating ERK pathway-mediated suppression of MITF and its downstream target genes, including tyrosinase. Therefore, RCB extract can be used as a whitening agent in the development of functional cosmetics.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of Gokajisilsosiho-Tang(GJST) on the lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) release, cell viability and activity, lipid peroxidation, DNA synthesis and the changes of total protein synthesis and GSH changes in vivo and in vitro in rat cultured hepatocytes from hydrogen peroxide$(H_2O_2)$-induced injury. The GJST extract had not an effect on cytotoxicity in all experimental results. The treatment of GJST extract of $160{\mu}g/ml$, $320{\mu}g/ml$ showed the significant effect to decrease LDH leakage induced by t-BHP in cultured rat hepatocytes. The higher concentration of GJST extract than $160{\mu}g/ml$, showed the inhibitory effect on decreasing cell viability induced by t-BHP. The treatment of t-BHP to rat cultured hepatocytes resulted in a concentration dependent increase in TBARS, in the presence of GJST extract the production of TBARS induced by hydrogen peroxide was inhibited concentration dependently, significantly inhibited at $80{\mu}g/ml$ of GJST extract and above. The GJST extract simutaneously present with t-BHP prevented the loss of total protein and GSH in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggested that GJST extract may play a hepatoprotective role in oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and a therapeutic potential of inhibiting liver injury.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, and there is a global increase in its incidence owing to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recent findings suggest that p53 is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the association between p53 expression and the disease remains unclear. Doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, increases the expression of p53. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of doxorubicin-induced p53 upregulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. HepG2 cells were pretreated with 0.5 ㎍/mL of doxorubicin for 12 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.5 mM) for 24 h to induce steatosis. Doxorubicin pretreatment upregulated p53 expression and downregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and lipid synthesis-associated genes in the FFA -treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, doxorubicin treatment upregulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase, a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Notably, siRNA-targeted p53 knockdown reversed the effects of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. Moreover, doxorubicin treatment suppressed FFA -induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids. Conclusively, these results suggest that doxorubicin possesses potential application for the regulation of lipid metabolism by enhance the expression of p53 an in vitro NAFLD model.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2015

Here we report a new chemical inhibitor against HIV-1 with a novel structure and mode of action. The inhibitor, designated as A1836, inhibited HIV-1 replication and virus production with a 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $2.0{\mu}M$ in an MT-4 cell-based and cytopathic protection antiviral assay, while its 50% cytotoxic concentration ($CC_{50}$) was much higher than $50{\mu}M$. Examination of the effect of A1836 on in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase showed that neither were molecular targets of A1836. The characterization and re-infection assay of the HIV-1 virions generated in the presence of A1836 showed that the synthesis of early RT products in the cells infected with the virions was inhibited dose-dependently, due in part to abnormal protein formation within the virions, thus resulting in an impaired infectivity. These results suggest that A1836 might be a novel candidate for the development of a new type of HIV-1 inhibitor.