• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2017

Purpose - Many researchers analyze VMI as a supply chain collaboration program to reveal its true value. Most of them focus on the dyadic relationship in two stage supply chain systems. This study examines the effect of VMI when it is applied to the different parts of three stage supply chain systems. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on three stage supply chain, this study compares three different systems including full VMI, partial VMI, and non-VMI by using mathematical models. The performances of three systems are compared with the numerical examples of the proposed supply chain models. Results - The numerical examples reveal that full VMI where the manufacturer controls inventories at all stages outperforms any other systems in terms of the system profit and enables all individual members to gain greater profits than non-VMI. Meanwhile, under partial VMI where VMI is implemented between the wholesaler and retailer, only these two members improve their performances and the manufacturer who does not belong to VMI makes less profit than even under non-VMI. This study also examines the impact of market size and profit margin on the system performance. Conclusions - The result of this study supports the common belief that VMI secures the best result when it is applied to the entire supply chain system. The additional findings from the numerical analysis are discussed.

• Food Quality and Culture
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective cost control model for university foodservice operations by analyzing student satisfaction, as well as foodservice income statements for operational characteristics. The specific objectives were to examine the satisfaction of students for various foodservice quality dimensions, to determine the financial activities performed in foodservice operations by operational type, to examine their income statement data, and lastly, to compare the student satisfaction for foodservice quality with the financial data of the income statements. A total of 545 students from one university answered a satisfaction survey. The one-year income statements of three union foodservices (self-operated, small-scale contracted, and large-scale contracted) at the same university were analyzed. The results showed that the self-operated union foodservice had lower student satisfaction scores and higher food and labor cost ratios. The small-scale contract management foodservice data indicated the highest student satisfaction scores and the lowest food and labor cost ratios. The large-scale contract management foodservice data showed medium scores when comparing the three union foodservice operations. Overall, by comparing the satisfaction scores and operational profits, the small-scale union foodservices showed the highest satisfaction scores and profit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2020

This study is to analyze the relations between management performance and publicness of national university hospitals. The data from 2015 to 2017 were collected from annual reports and balancing accounts in 13 national university hospitals. The results of the study were as follows. Publicness index was found to have a negative(-) effect on net profit to gross revenues, operating margin. Medical social work had a significant positive(+) effect on normal profit to gross revenues, net profit to gross revenues. According to the location of the hospitals, it was found to have a significant effect on the normal profit to gross revenues. It is necessary to evaluate different projects of national university hospital in the public sectors. Based on this, it is necessary to re-establish the role for the purpose of establishment.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2015

This study presents a mathematical programming model to develop production planning in the manufacturing processes for photovoltaic silicon ingots and wafers. The model is formulated as a linear programming model that maximizes total growth margin, which is composed of production cost, inventory cost, shortage cost, and sales profit while considering the constraints associated with the production environments of photovoltaic materials. In order to demonstrate the utility of the model for production planning, we run operations for a planning horizon of a year for a case study. When the primary results of this mathematical programming are compared with the historical records, the model could have resulted in the considerable increase of the total growth margin by effectively reducing inventory cost if a decision maker had employed the model as a decision support system with perfect information for sales demand.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2001

Recently, Six Sigma to increase market share , decrease costs, and grow profit margin has been adopted by some leading companies in the world. Six Sigma is expected as the optimal movement to raise the quality level remarkably and to make enterprise culture and organization based on customer and market orientation. In this paper, we study on the idea of Six Sigma, the Internal and external success case, the reliability tools using in the Six Sigma, and the difference between the existing quality movement and Six Sigma. Also, we discuss the role of reliability In Six Sigma..

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2010

This paper analyses the performance of push-pull strategy by Multicharts' portpolio tool. This strategy decreases a risk of option sell by moving an exercise price to outward and compensates the profit by doubling contracts. This strategy also makes risk-free option sell to move inward for earning gain. This strategy basically uses several symbols. And this feature makes impossible to use a portpolio tool. However, This paper provides the method to use it with extracting intrinsic data from a symbolname. As an experiment for one month of september experiment options, it shows 1.5 million won in case of 5-displace and also shows 32 million won in case of 2.5-displace. If a Margin is enough, this strategy always earns profit, but it's difficult to be applicated in real trades because of a margin risk.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.19-38
• /
• 2008

Financial ratios are key indicators of an organization's financial and business conditions. Among various financial indicators, profitability, financial structure, financial activity and liquidity ratios are frequently used and analyzed. Using the structural equation modeling(SEM) technique, this study examines the structural causal relationships among key financial indicators. Data for this study are taken from complete financial statements from 142 hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1998 to 2001 for the purpose of accrediting teaching hospitals. In order to improve comparability, ratio values are standardized using the Blom's normal distribution. The final model of the SEM has four latent constructs: financial activity(total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover), liquidity(current ratio, quick ratio, collection period), financial structure(total debt to equity, long-term debt to equity, fixed assets to fund balance), and profitability(return on assets, normal profit to total assets, operating margin to gross revenue, normal profit to gross revenue). While examining several model fit indices(Chi-square (df) = 178.661 (40), likelihood ratio=4.467, RMR=.11, GFI=.849, RMSEA=.157), the final SEM we employed shows a relatively good fit. After examining the path coefficient of the constructs, the financial structure of the hospital affects the hospital's profitability in a statistically significant way. A hospital which utilizes its liabilities, more specifically fixed liabilities, and makes a stable investment decision for fixed assets was found to have a higher profitability than other hospitals. Then, the standard path coefficients were examined to directly compare the influence of variables. It was found that there were no statistically significant path coefficients among constructs. When it comes to variables, however, statistically significant relationships were found. between. financial activity and. fixed. asset turnover, and between profitability and normal profit to gross revenue. These results show that the observed variables of fixed asset turnover and normal profit to gross revenue can be used as indicators representing financial activity and profitability.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2014

This study has analyzed whether the virtuous cycle of value-added between the processes within the company has formed and whether the virtuous ecosystem between the processes within the industry has been built through the analysis of value chain(VC) and value system(VS) targeting the Korean photovoltaic companies. For a study method, after conducting a survey on the companies, a regression analysis was performed on the causal relationship between the process within the VC and VS. Based on the results of the analysis, for the VC of the Korean photovoltaic industry, an increase in the R&D support from the government has led to the increase in the investment of R&D for the related industry, and the increase in the investment of R&D has contributed to the increase in the growth of its productivity, and the growth in the productivity of R&D has influenced the increase in the production of solar products. In addition, the reduction of photovoltaic production cost for the company has influenced the increase of recurring profit margin compared to the sales. However it was shown that the increase in the company's production volume does not contribute to the reduction of production cost. Meanwhile, the increase in recurring profit margin compared to the sales were influencing the increase in the production volume but it was shown that the increase in the company's investment of R&D was not a contributing factor thus it was not included in the virtuous cycle. It was analyzed that the VS was shown not to influence all other processes within the industry except for the module companies where the increase in the recurring profit margin compared to the sales was influenced by the increase in the recurring profit margin compared to the sales of solar cell companies. This shows that the virtuous industrial ecosystem which should be made under the mutual cooperation by the ingot, wafer, solar cell, module and system companies are yet incomplete.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.17
• /
• pp.107-133
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. The data for this study were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals in Korea between 1993 and 2002. Profitability was measured in the aspect of investment profit rate and operation profit rate with net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, inventories turnover, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), composition of manpower and facilities(personnel and area per beds), productivity index(the number of daily patients per medical doctor, the number of daily patients per nurse), the score of quality assurance activities. First, Concerning the specialists per beds or area per beds and profitability of hospitals there was not statistically significant. Second, Those hospitals having the most daily patients per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others, but the number of daily patients per medical doctor had little effect on the profitability. Thirds, Those hospitals having a higher proportion total asset turnover tended to show significantly higher profitability compared to other hospitals, but the liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had a little difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having a higher proportion personnel costs per operation profit and material costs per operation profits tended to show significantly lower hospital profitability compared to other hospitals. Fourth, In regression analysis, hospital profitability had negative relationship with personnel costs per operation profit or material costs per operation profits. While it had positive relationship with total asset turnover, the number of daily patients per nurse. In conclusion, private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals. Though factors related to profitability of hospital were different according to ownership, it is important for securing appropriate profitability by operating appropriate number of nurse, raising total asset turnover, and reducing personnel costs, material costs per operation profits. This study can be used as a baseline data for planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size. However, this longitudinal observation of 33 hospitals over ten year period has significant merit alone.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2021

It is important to understand the factors that affect the business performance of insect farm for continuous insect farm management. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the business performance of insect farm. For this study, 1,577 questionnaires were collected through a telephone survey targeting insect farm owner. As a result of analysis using linear multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting total sales were gender, age, business experience, number of workers, and national and local government support projects. The factors affecting the net profit rate were age, business experience, number of workers, national and local government support projects, and education. When the gender of the business operator is male, it only affected the increase in total sales, and it was found that both the total sales amount and the net profit margin increased with the younger the business operator's age.