• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1255-1266
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• 2017

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and major nutrient for both plants and animals. However, anthropogenic P in the environment may cause severe problems such as the deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it is essential for the Korean government to manage P in the agricultural sector. The annual P budget for Korea was 46 kg P ha-1 in 2013, placing Korea in second among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. P surplus and deficiency in agricultural lands can be estimated according to the P budget, which is one of the OECD agri-environment indicators. In the P budget, it is important to ensure consistency in the input-output data sources, in order to apply national and regional policies for the environmentally sound management of agricultural P. This study examines the impacts on the input-output data sources in the regional P budget in Korea. P budgets were between 99-145 kg-P/ha, depending on different data sources. We suggest two recommended data combinations (DC 1 and DC 2) for reliability of the data. P budgets calculated using DC 1 and DC 2 were 128 kg-P/ha and 97 kg-P/ha, respectively. According to the results, one of the core factors affecting P budgets was crop production. In this study, DC 2 was recommended rather than DC 1 in order to consider the cultivated areas for various crops. It is also necessary to analyze the sensitivity of the coefficients used in P budget in the future.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.396-416
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the trends of government R&D (R&D) projects related to laboratory safety over the past 20 years. Methods: We collected publications from various databases(DBs) with words such as laboratory(ies), lab(s), researcher(s), laboratory worker(s), safety, environment, hazard(s), risk(s), and so on. Selected publications were analyzed by the research funds and the number of projects according to the investment subject and research characteristics. Results: About 93% of the total R&D budget went to government policy projects, not scientific research. Second, from the perspective of 'safety management activities', most of the research is related to management and inspection at the organizational level. Issues that need to be discussed at the national level like policy governance are not included. Third, focusing on the 'safety management cycle', there were few studies related to 'prediction' or 'post-response'. Fourth, when an analysis framework combining the perspectives of 'safety management activities' and 'safety management cycle' is applied, most of the budget is spent on infrastructure such as digital management systems, whereas basic knowledge for prevention and production of evidence was very few. Conclusions: In order to prevent policy planning without policy evaluation, implementation without strategy, and evaluation without evidence, it is necessary to expand investment in empirical research on risks, research on the effectiveness of current application methods, and research on theory development. The government budget for laboratory safety-related projects should be managed separately from the R&D budget for scientific research. Although less than 5% of the budget allocated to scientific research is the total budget, an optical illusion occurs because both the project budget and the scientific research budget are counted as R&D budgets.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권40호
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• pp.287-314
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• 2015

이 연구는 2010-2014년 할리우드 극장용 애니메이션 영화의 제작비를 통해 포트폴리오 구성전략이 어떻게 운용되는 지를 분석하는 걸 목적으로 한다. 분석 결과 극장용 애니메이션 영화는 대규모 제작비를 투입하면서 수익을 극대화하는 방식을 택한 것으로 나타났다. 2010-2014년 극장용 애니메이션은 57편 개봉되었고, 평균 제작비는 1억 달러를 상회하였다. 1억 달러 이상의 평균 제작비를 투자하는 블록버스터 전략을 통해 극장용 애니메이션 영화는 실적 또한 기획한 방향과 부합하게 달성한 것으로 나타났다. 해당 기간 동안 평균 흥행실적은 3억 8천 달러로서 애니메이션 전체를 고려하면 모두 수익구간에 들어간 것으로 판단된다. 또한 애니메이션 영화 제작에 사용된 총 비용 중 72.2&는 1억 달러 이상의 제작비가 투자된 영화에 사용되었다. 이는 할리우드의 극장용 애니메이션 영화의 중심 영역이 1억 달러 이상의 구간에 집중되어 있으며, 해당 구간을 중심으로 흥행실적을 확보하려는 의지가 엿보이는 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

Background: In order to investigate organic carbon distribution, carbon budget, and cycling of the subalpine forest, we studied biomass, organic carbon distribution, litter production, forest floor litter, accumulated soil organic carbon, and soil respiration in Taxus cuspidata forest in Halla National Park from February 2012 to November 2013. Biomass was calculated by using allometric equation and the value was converted to $CO_2$ stocks. Results: The amount of plant organic carbon was $13.60ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ in 2012 and $14.29ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ in 2013. And average organic carbon introduced to forest floor through litter production was $0.71ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. Organic carbon distributed in forest floor litter layer was $0.73ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ on average and accumulated organic carbon in soil was $51.13ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ on average. In 2012, Amount of released $CO_2$ from soil to atmosphere was 10.93 ton $CO_2ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. Conclusions: The net ecosystem production based on the difference between net primary production of organic carbon and soil respiration was $-1.74ton\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ releasing more carbon than it absorbed.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권33호
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• pp.173-202
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• 2013

본 연구 기획개발(development) 단계에 대한 이론적 검토를 통해 한국의 애니메이션 산업 구조에 가장 적합한 제작과정의 초기 단계를 정립시키고자 한다. 그 중요성에 비해 잘 알려지지 않은 기획개발 단계는 애니메이션 제작을 하기 전 어떤 작품을 만들 것인가를 구상하는 단계로서 가장 초기 단계이자 동시에 가장 기초적인 부분이다. 이 단계는 작품의 주제가 결정되고, 제작을 위해 필요한 기초 준비가 이루어지는 단계로서, 애니메이션 제작 과정 중 프리 프로덕션(pre-production) 단계 이전에 설정된다. 기획개발 단계의 역할을 살펴보면 크게 두 가지 유목으로 정리될 수 있다. 하나는 프로젝트 콘텐츠 부분으로서 스토리와 직접적으로 연관되는 것들이다. 구체화된 아이디어를 가지고 제작에 필요한 지원을 받기 위한 활동에 들어갈 준비를 해야 하기 때문에 매우 중요하다. 다른 하나는 프로젝트 제작지원 혹은 사업 부분으로서 재정, 인사, 일정에 관한 부분이다. 이와 같은 업무를 수행해낼 역할과 권한을 가진 자는 바로 제작자(producer) 혹은 총괄제작자(executive producer)이다. 이들의 참여는 기획개발 단계에서도 가능한 빨리 참여하는 것이 중요하다. 구매예정자가 원하는 스타일과 내용을 작가와의 협력을 통해서 만들어내야 하고, 그러한 내용이 과연 애니메이션으로 적합한지를 초기에 판단, 결정해야 하기 때문이다. 기획개발 단계에 대한 연구는 부족하기 때문에 이론화된 모델과 함께 실제사례를 중심으로 한 다양한 관점에서의 연구가 지속되어야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2001

The dynamic model was developed to simulate the photosynthetic rate of Phragmites communis stands in coastal ecosystem. The model was composed of the compartments of both climatic and biological variables. The former were photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), daily maximum- and minimum-temperature. The latter were combinations of the specific physiological responses of plant organs with the biomass of each organs. The PPFD and air temperature were calculated and using those values, gas exchange rate of each plant organ was calculated at every hour. The carbon budget was constructed using the modelled predictions. Analysis of annual productivity and fluxes showed that yearly gross population productivity, yearly population respiration and yearly net population productivity were 33.4, 21.3 and 12.1 $CO_2ton{\cdot}ha^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. The final result was tested over two stands, produced promising predictions with regards to the levels of production attained. The model can be used to determine production potential under given climatic conditions and could even be applied to plant canopies with analogous biological characteristics.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2014

In this paper, we discussed a problem for improving the throughput of a crankshaft manufacturing line in an automotive factory in which the budget for purchasing new machines and installing additional buffers is limited. We also considered the constraint of available space for both of machine and buffer. Although this problem seems like a kind of buffer allocation problem, it is different from buffer allocation problem because additional machines are also considered. Thus, it is not easy to calculate the throughput by mathematical model, and therefore simulation model was developed using $ARENA^{(R)}$ for estimating throughput. To determine the investment plan, a modified Arrow Assignment Rule under some constraints was suggested and it was applied to the real case.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

The development status was studied to predict the concept of how drone taxis would be presented in daily life. the results of the analysis on traffic effects of drone taxis showed that they would be an innovative transportation option that could reach a distance of 60km, which would typically take an hour by car, within twenty minutes. Moreover, the economic analysis of existing aircraft development was limited to production (development investment) of the input budget. However, since the drone taxi is a new transportation system, an overall traffic platform, such as its own terminals, would need to be established. So, the production inducement effect was analyzed by dividing input budget into three factors; production, infrastructure, and service. The results indicate this to be an innovative project expected to have an economic ripple effect and reach a total of 24 trillion won after an investment of 13 trillion won (production + infrastructure + service) in Korea from 2020 to 2040.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of rural development policies in the last 20 years by analyzing the budget distribution by policy objectives and support factors. 1997, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 Guidelines of Agricultural, Food and Rural Development Project were analyzed to identify the budget distribution. The objectives of rural development policy were classified into 5 fields and 27 detailed factors such as production environment, distribution environment, technology and human resources, living environment, income support. The support factors of rural development policy were classified into 3 fields and 17 detailed factors. The budget of rural development policy has greatly increased from 952,297 million won in 1997 to 4,869,174 million won in 2010 and 3,905,340 million won in 2015. In budget distribution by policy objectives, the policy was mainly focused on management funding in 1997, 2000 and in the 2000s, it was confirmed that investment in the improvement of the living environment was rapidly taking place. In budget distribution by policy support factors, it was found that living environment and welfare environment support factor in rural area occupied the largest portion and welfare, tourism, and living environment has been rapidly increasing since 2005.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

사회복지관련 예산의 급격한 증가가 함께 사회복지관련 사업도 다양한 분야로 확대되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 사회복지정책을 수행하는 정부 및 지자체에 의한 지원과 보조사업 추진의 당위성 및 논거를 명확히 할 필요가 있다고 사료되며, 본 연구는 후생경제학 입장에서 장애인복지관련 예산이 국가경제 및 지역경제에 미치는 경제적 효과를 살펴보았다. 장애인복지정책의 달성을 위한 예산 지출은 기업 및 개인의 소비행위를 연속적 및 직 간접적으로 파생시키게 되며, 본 연구에서는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 장애인복지예산의 경제적 효과로써 생산, 부가가치, 고용, 취업 등에 얼마나 기여하는가를 계량적으로 추정하여 제시하였다. 수도권 3개 지자체의 장애인복지관련 예산지출에 의해 연간 1조 3천억원의 생산을 유발시키며, 8,015.9억원의 직간접 부가가치를 파급시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 17,673.2명의 고용 및 26,825.2명의 취업을 창출시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 장애인 사회복지예산을 소비지출로 인식하는 사회분위기 속에서 사회적 논란 야기 및 재정압박 요인으로 작용하는 현시점에서 복지 분야에 대한 정부 및 지자체의 장애인복지정책에 의한 개입 지원 보조의 당위성 논의의 타당성은 결국 실증적인 분석을 통하여 뒷받침될 수 있느냐에 달려 있다고 사료되며, 본 연구는 이를 위한 기초적 연구로서의 역할이 기대된다. 또한 복지예산은 소멸성 지출이 아니며 우리나라 사회 경제에 다양한 영향을 파생시키는 중요한 산업임을 본 연구에서 확인할 수 있었으며, 지속적 연구를 통해 정책적 지원 및 사회적 합의가 필요하다.