• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.728-732
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• 2014

Macro-model of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) has been developed. The macro-model can describe the dynamic behavior such as the state change of MTJ as a function of the pulse width of driving current and voltage. The statistical behavior has been included in the model to represent the variation of the MTJ characteristic due to process variation. The macro-model has been developed in Verilog-A.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of organizational culture, organizational silence, and organizational commitment on the intention of retention as perceived by nurses Methods: The research model was designed on the basis of the PROCESS Macro model 6 proposed by Hayes. The participants were 142 nurses from general hospitals. Measurements included the scales of organizational culture, organizational silence, organizational commitment, and intention of retentione. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and Hayes's PROCESS macro method for mediation. Results: Retention intention showed a significantly positive correlation with relationship-orientated culture (r=.32, p<.001), innovation-orientated culture (r=.30, p<.001), and organizational commitment (r=.48, p<.001). However retention intention showed a significantly negative correlation with organizational silence (r=-.42, p<.001). Furthermore, organizational silence and commitment had a mediating effect on the relationship between organizational culture and intention of retention. Conclusion: The impact of organizational culture on intention of retention in general hospitals was mediated by organizational silence and organizational commitment. Considering the mediating effects of organizational silence and organizational commitment on the relationship between nursing organizational culture and retention intention, a strategy should be developed to enhance organizational commitment and weaken organizational silence by strengthening related and innovative nursing culture.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.750-761
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• 2006

As CBD technologies and researches have been matured, component framework as a larger reuse unit than component is being introduced. Especially issues related with adaptation and integration of components in CBD are being raised as a new research topic. The component framework is given as a solution to resolve these issues. However, current approaches don't suggest a sound and comprehensive reference model and development process applying reference model. In order to develop practical and stable component framework, reference model and concrete guidelines are essential elements. In this paper, we propose a generic reference model integrating existing reference models and a design technique of component framework based on it. Especially, we propose concrete and pragmatic guidelines such as how to design component framework architecture's view and style, how to design commonality and variability of component framework, how to design macro workflows among components, and so on. We believe that the proposed reference model becomes basis for component framework development, and the proposed design technique will support reliable and effective development of the component framework.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.669-690
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• 2018

This paper deals with numerical modeling of dynamic failure phenomena in rate-sensitive brittle and/or ductile materials. To this end, a two-dimensional continuum viscodamage-embedded discontinuity model, which is based on our previous work (see Do et al. 2017), is developed. More specifically, the pre-peak nonlinear and rate-sensitive hardening response of the material behavior, representing the fracture-process zone creation, is described by a rate-dependent continuum damage model. Meanwhile, an embedded displacement discontinuity model is used to formulate the post-peak response, involving the macro-crack creation accompanied by exponential softening. The numerical implementation in the context of the finite element method exploiting the second-order mid-point scheme is discussed in detail. In order to show the performance of the model several numerical examples are included.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2023

There is a lack of empirical research on the level of students' state anxiety according to their perceived task difficulty when confronting science questions. This study seeks to investigate whether perceived task difficulty moderates the process of arousing students' state anxiety in science learning. In pursuit of this objective, we engaged 410 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students (186 fifth graders; 194 females) in solving two science questions. We then verified the moderating effect of perceived task difficulty on the relationship between science anxiety and state anxiety arousal when confronting science questions using the PROCESS Macro Model 1. Results confirmed that science anxiety and perceived task difficulty significantly and positively predicted state anxiety. Notably, perceived task difficulty had a significant moderating effect on the process of arousing state anxiety, where lower perceived task difficulty led to a greater increase in state anxiety after confronting the science questions. We discuss the implications of the findings for science education and propose potential directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 2003

This study is to validate the use of macro language for the land suitability analysis aiming to help to resolve land use conflicts. The silver-town suitability analysis is conducted on the Geejang Gun, Busan Metropolitan city. Such digital maps as terrain, road, facility, and water body were created for various cartographic models. A cartographic model identified the best suitable areas for silver-town development based on the such site selection variables as a distance to facility and road, slope and aspect of terrain, land use etc. Then, the other cartographic model identified the most favorable site among the candidate sites based on the comparison of the aspect of proximity, usage and environmental quality. Macro language was used for these modeling process and was used for the manipulation of all these spatial variables used in the models to resolve land use conflicts relating to the decision making process of the final site selection. This study will improve the effectiveness and rationality of the traditional site suitability analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.533-544
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• 2021

This study was focused on social stigma in utilizing community child centers which are selective child welfare institutions. The study model derived from the stress process model. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of stigma on happiness among children in community child centers and mediating effects of empowerment and community social capital as coping resources. The data were collected from 5, 6th grade students who are attending community child centers located in Daegu and Gyeongsan city. Data of 175 were analyzed and SPSS Process Macro and bootstrapping method were used. The results of the study were follows. First, stigma among children in community child centers showed significant direct effects on happiness. Second, empowerment and community social capital had significant mediating effects on the relationship between stigma and happiness. Based on the results, the policy and practice implications to improve happiness of children in community child centers were suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.762-770
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• 2021

This study aims to identify the relationship between stress and feeling of happiness among high school students, and to examine the double mediating model of subjective well-being and gratitude disposition on that relationship. Participants of this study were 245 male and female high school students. Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Emotion Frequency Test, Gratitude Questionnaire-6, and Subjective Happiness Scale were used for this study. To analyse a sequential double mediating effect, PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 6 was used. Results revealed that stress was negatively correlated with subjective well-being, gratitude disposition, and feeling of happiness among high school students. And, subjective well-being was positively correlated with gratitude disposition and feeling of happiness, while gratitude disposition was positively correlated with feeling of happiness. It was found that subjective well-being and gratitude disposition were sequentially mediating stress and feeling of happiness among high school students. Because these findings suggest that subjective well-being and gratitude disposition play important roles in adolescents' happiness, it is necessary to promote their subjective well-being and gratitude disposition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the double mediation effects of interpersonal relationship ability and self-efficacy in the link between family strengths and self-esteem of college students. To this end, a survey was conducted for 1 month in November 2019, targeting 340 students conveniently sampled from C city in Chungcheongbuk-do and J city in Jeollabuk-do, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS Win. 25 and SPSS PROCESS Macro. The applied statistical techniques were mean comparison analysis (t-test, One-ANOVA), correlation analysis, and PROCESS Macro model No. 6 to analyze the double mediating effect. The main findings of the study are: First, self-esteem was significantly higher in education major than in other majors. Second, as a result of correlation analysis, self-esteem showed a significant positive correlation with family strength, interpersonal relationship ability, and self-efficacy. Third, as a result of the double mediation effect analysis, interpersonal relationship ability and self-efficacy double mediated in the relationship between family strength and self-esteem. The results of this study can be used as basic data to enhance the self-esteem of college students by utilizing interpersonal relationship ability and self-efficacy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1317-1326
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• 1999

As the integration ratio and operation speed increase, it has become an important problem to estimate the dissipated power during the design procedure as a method to reduce the TTM(time to market). This paper proposed a prediction model to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate. This model uses a calculational method. It was formed by including the characteristics of MOSFETs of which a CMOS gate consists, the operational characteristics of the gate, and the characteristics of the input signals. As the modeling process, a maximum power estimation model for CMOS inverter was formed first, and then a conversion model to convert a multiple input CMOS gate into a corresponding CMOS inverter was proposed. Finally, the power model for inverter was applied to the converted result so that the model could be applied to a general CMOS gate. For experiment, several CMOS gates were designed in layout level by $0.6{\mu}m$ layout design rule. The result by comparing the calculated results with those from HSPICE simulations for the gates showed that the gate conversion model has within 5% of the relative error rate to the SPICE and the maximum power estimation model has within 10% of the relative error rate. Thus, the proposed models have sufficient accuracies. Also in calculation time, the proposed models was more than 30 times faster than SPICE simulation. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed model could be used efficiently to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate during the design procedure.