• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.4 s.37
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

We propose a new approach to greatly simplify the fabrication of conventional nanoimprint lithography (NIL) by combined nanoimprint and photolithography (CNP). We introduce a hybrid mask mold (HMM) made from UV transparent material with a UV-blocking Cr metal layer placed on top of the mold protrusions. We used a negative tone photo resist (PR) with higher selectivity to substrate the CNP process instead of the UV curable monomer and thermal plastic polymer that has been commonly used in NIL. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on HMM plays a reliable role for pattern transfer when the HMM is separated from the transfer layer. Hydrophilic $SiO_2$ thin film was deposited on all parts of the HMM, which improved the formation of SAM. This $SiO_2$ film made a sub-10nm formation without any pattern damage. In the CNP technique with HMM, the 'residual layer' of the PR was chemically removed by the conventional developing process. Thus, it was possible to simplify the process by eliminating the dry etching process, which was essential in the conventional NIL method.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.362-371
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• 2008

Generally, a PLM education program in university consists of lectures of theory, software lab and software development raining as an advanced subject. Most industries want more than these, such as practical problem solving capabilities, teamwork skills and engineering communications including human relationship, rhetoric, technical writing, presentation and etc. Problem-Based Learning is a problem-stimulated and student-centered teaming method, and an innovative education strategy for collaborative and self-directed learning by applying real world problems. Education paradigm changes from "teaching" to "learning" accomplished by team working, and students are encouraged to develop, present, explain and defense their ideas, suggestions or solutions of a problem, and the "cooperative teaming" proceeds spontaneously during team operations. Co-operative education program is an into-grated academic model and a structured educational program combining classroom learning with productive work experience in a field related to a student's academic or career goals. Based on the partnership between academic institutions and industries, students are engaged in real and productive "work" in the industry, in contrast with merely observing. In this paper, PBL with Co-op program is suggested as an effective approach for PLM education, and we made and operated a PBL-based education course with industry co-op program. The Co-op education in industry accompanied with the PBL course in university can improve practical problem solving capabilities of students, including modeling and management of P3R(Product, Process, resource and Plant) using commercial PLM software tools. By the result, we found this to be an effective strategy for helping students, professors and industries succeed in engineering education, especially PLM area.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.239-272
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• 2009

Our investigation of the intricate relationship among nationalism, humanism, and imperialism begins from reading Song of Ariran, the auto/biography of Kim San recorded by Nym Wales, together with Margaret Drabble's fictional adaptation of Lady Hong's autobiography, The Memoirs of Lady $Hyegy{\breve{o}}ng$, in her novel The Red Queen, in which the story of Barbara Halliwell, a modern female envoy of Lady Hong, is interweaved with Lady Hong's narrative. In spite of their being seemingly disparate texts, Song of Ariran and The Red Queen are comparable: they are written by Western female writers who deal with Koreans, along with the Korean history and culture. Accordingly, both works cut across the boundary of fiction and fact, imagination and history, and the East and the West. In the age of globalization, Western women writing (about) Korea and Koreans traversing the historical and cultural limits inevitably engage us in post-colonial discussions. Despite the temporal differences--If Song of Ariran handles with the historical turmoils of the 1930s Asia, mostly surrounding Kim San's activities as a nationalist, The Red Queen is written by a twenty-first century British woman writer whose international interest grapples with the eighteenth-century Korean Crown Princess' spirit in order to reinscribe a story of Korean woman's within the contemporary culture--, both works appeal to the humanistic perspective, advocating the universal human beings' values transcending the historical and national limitations. While this sort of humanistic approach can provide sympathy transcending time and space, this 'idealistic' process can be problematic because the Western writers's appropriation of Korean culture and its history can easily reduce its particularities to comprehensive generalization, without giving proper names to the Korean history and culture. Nonetheless, the Western female writers' attempt to find a place of 'contact' is valuable since it opens a possibility of having meaningful communications between minor culture and dominating culture. Yet, these female writers do not seem to absolutely cross the border of race, gender, and culture, which leaves us to realize how difficult it is to reach a genuine understanding with what is different from mine even in these 'universal' narratives.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.43
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• pp.65-92
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• 2011

, or The Story of Jeonuchi, is a classical Korean novel written at an unknown date by an unknown writer. It has a few different editions presumably because they were printed from a variety of different woodcuts carved in a few dialects. The present study examines The Story of Jeonuchi based on one of its earliest editions collected by the Academy of Korean Studies. Focused on the novel's main ideas of educational value, the author explores effective educational means to teach these ideas to college students. The novel's main ideas with edifying qualities include: alleviating resentment of the people, punishing the greedy, promoting filial piety and loyalty to the sovereign, and antagonism between disloyal forces. And these ideas can be effectively discussed in class using brainstorming, demonstration and logical description. Changing time requires a different approach to understanding and appreciating classical novels. Based on this awareness, the study seeks to find an effective way to teach today's students about literature from a different time. It also stresses that this process involves encouraging the students to logically express their ideas in writing.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2022

In the Khmer writing system, the Khmer script is the official letter of Cambodia, written from left to right without a space separator; it is complicated and requires more analysis studies. Without clear standard guidelines, a space separator in the Khmer language is used inconsistently and informally to separate words in sentences. Therefore, a segmented method should be discussed with the combination of the future Khmer natural language processing (NLP) to define the appropriate rule for Khmer sentences. The critical process in NLP with the capability of extensive data language analysis necessitates applying in this scenario. One of the essential components in Khmer language processing is how to split the word into a series of sentences and count the words used in the sentences. Currently, Microsoft Word cannot count Khmer words correctly. So, this study presents a systematic library to segment Khmer phrases using the bi-directional maximal matching (BiMM) method to address these problematic constraints. In the BiMM algorithm, the paper focuses on the Bidirectional implementation of forward maximal matching (FMM) and backward maximal matching (BMM) to improve word segmentation accuracy. A digital or prefix tree of data structure algorithm, also known as a trie, enhances the segmentation accuracy procedure by finding the children of each word parent node. The accuracy of BiMM is higher than using FMM or BMM independently; moreover, the proposed approach improves dictionary structures and reduces the number of errors. The result of this study can reduce the error by 8.57% compared to FMM and BFF algorithms with 94,807 Khmer words.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.409-427
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• 2010

Psychological research on the relationships between creativity and knowledge can be divided into two main streams, called tension view and foundation view. However most of the studies in this area have been too much focused on creative products which had a limit in investigating creative processes. In this study, to identify the relationships, we employed neuro-scientific approaches to investigating EEG (electroencephalogram) activity from professional computer programmers(n=10). Also the EEG alpha TRP (task related power) was compared with each other. The procedures including resting conditions with eye closed were followed by ordinary thinking process, creative thinking processes in a professional domain and a nonprofessional domain. As a result of EEG activity analysis, alpha deactivation was observed mainly in temporal lobe, especially in left-temporal lobe during creative thinking process of professional domain. The findings suggest that neuro-scientific approach supports the tension view, suggesting that the knowledge could hinder creativity.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Through the design and production of works for the third semester as a major unit, It is proposed the process of satisfying the graduation standards with the design and production process of the drone which can be applied to various mobile environments. Using the shape of Ring Propeller, it is made to be able to play both the role of generating lift as a propeller and the role of a wheel that touches the ground through the surface of the rim. In addition, the Servo Motor is used to convert the drive shaft of the motor to the correct angle according to the command. Then, based on the idea, the 3D printing is implemented to confirm the result of the configuration, and the circuit for driving the propulsion is designed and manufactured. As a result, the conversion of the desired propulsion system during air navigation and operation failed due to the weight increase of the propellant. It is confirmed that the size of the thrust and the tolerance limit of the ring propeller are the errors. Through these processes, it has been recognized to have experience of creative thinking and cooperation through engineering approach and comprehensive design, and confirmed to satisfy the graduation criteria by writing an engineering paper on the result.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.91-97
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• 2015

Papermakers wish to increase the filler content of printing and writing grades because it allows saving in production cost through fiber replacement and improving the formation, and optical and printing properties of the paper. However, high filler loading in the base paper has negative side effects. It reduces the mechanical properties of paper and induces cracking at the fold after coating process. Fold cracking is one of the most frequent quality complaints for magazines, high quality books, etc. Two approaches were examined as methods to reduce fold cracking. One approach was to use preflocculated fillers, which was expected to reduce the fold cracking because it would decrease the interfiber bonding. The other approach was to use a new coating binder that gives greater binding power and thereby provides an opportunity of reducing the fold cracking of coated paper. When filler preflocculation was employed in producing the base paper, fold cracking becomes more severe than conventional filler loading condition. On the other hand, use of nano sized binder in coating improved the tensile properties of the coating layer and thereby decreased the crack area. It was shown that tensile properties of coating layer played an important role in fold cracking of coating.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 1997

This study has been undertaken in the light of constructivist view of teacher education. Participant observation, unstructured interview and questionnaire were used to explore the process and the role of practicum in science teacher education. The subjects were 19 student teachers majoring in physics education; 8 had participated at boys junior high school, 11 at senior high school. The student teachers had very critical and negative perception on their school days' science lessons. They had expected to do 'better' in their practicum but there were only 3 to 5 opportunities of teaching under the umbrella of textbook. Explanation in the classroom and solving exercise problem were the main features of student teachers' lessons. Much of the lessons were similar when it is to same topic and the main reference for their lesson preparation was the textbook. The student teachers felt the design of teaching approach as the most difficult thing during their lesson preparation. They realized that teaching is harder than they thought and they should consider students' level and responses. Though they had become to have more positive perception on teaching job through their field experiences, their decision on job preference did not change. More than half did not want to be a teacher. The student teachers recognised the courses related with science education as the most useful to their teaching in practice among the program of college of education which they had taken. The experience of writing one lesson plan or teaching in front of their peers, designing a new demonstration equipment were recognised as valuable and helpful element of the courses. They proposed to reduce the amount of general education courses and to emphasize the courses relevant with science education and practicum. The limited opportunity of teaching in practicum was pointed out as problematic. Though the practicum was recognized as a 'good' experience to student teachers, it was confined by textbook and limited teaching opportunity. In conclusion, the practicum was not organized and implemented as a meaningful experience of science teaching and learning. There should be more structured studies on what kind of perceptions and experiences the student teachers had brought to the science teacher education program, how they interact with the elements of the program and how they affect to their science teaching. The structure and content of practicum also should be studied and developed so as to make practicum as a meaningful experience of science teaching and learning.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.511-536
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• 2017

The present study aims to investigate ways in which pre-service secondary mathematics teachers anticipate 1) students' responses to specific mathematical tasks which are chosen or devised by the participating pre-service teachers as requiring students' higher cognitive demand and, 2) their roles as math teachers to scaffold students' mathematical thinking. To achieve the goal, we had our pre-service teachers to engage in an adapted version of Spangler & Hallman-Thrasher(2014)'s Task Dialogue writing activity whose focus was to develop pre-service elementary teachers' ability to orchestrate mathematical discussion. 14 pre-service teachers who were junior at the time enrolled in the Mathematics Teaching Method Course were subjects of the current study. In-depth analysis of both Task Dialogues which pre-service secondary mathematics teachers wrote and audiotapes of the group discussions while they wrote the dialogues suggests the following results: First, the pre-service secondary teachers anticipated how students would approach a task based on their own teaching experiences. Second, they were challenged not only to anticipate more than one correct students' responses but to generate questions for the predicted correct-responses to bring forth students' divergent thinking. Finally, although they were aware that students' knowledge should be the crucial element guiding their decision-making process in teaching, they tended to lower the cognitive demands of tasks by providing students with too much guidance which brought forth the use of procedural knowledge. The study contributes to the field as it provides insights as to what to attend in designing teacher education course whose goal is to provide a foundation for developing pre-service teachers' ability to effectively orchestrate mathematical discussion.